Colonial America
13 Original Colonies
• New England = New Hampshire,
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode
Island
• Middle = New York, Maryland,
Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania
• Southern = Virginia,
North
Carolina,
South Carolina,
Georgia
Colonial America
• European nations came to the Americas to increase their wealth
and broaden their influence over world affairs
• The Spanish were among the first Europeans to explore the New
World and the first to settle in what is now the United States.
• By 1650, however, England had established a dominant
presence on the Atlantic coast.
3 Types of Colonies
• Charter Colonies
• Royal Colonies
• Proprietary Colonies
Charter Colonies
• The King granted a charter to the colonial government
establishing the rules under which the colony was to be
governed.
• The colonies of Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts
Bay were charter colonies.
• Rhode Island and Connecticut continued to use their colonial
charters as their State constitutions after the American
Revolution.
• Limited to a amount of time
Royal Colonies
• Royal colonies were those that in the absence or
revocation of a private or proprietary charter came
under the direct, everyday governmental control of the
English monarchy.
• The King and not Parliament held sovereignty over royal
colonies.
• The foremost function of a royal colony was to benefit
the English King.
• Most colonies started out as private or proprietary
ventures, the majority became royal usually through
revoked or time-limited charters
Proprietary Colonies
• Favorites of the British crown were awarded huge tracts of land in the
New World to supervise and develop.
• Before this time most of the colonies had been financed and settled
under the jurisdiction of joint stock companies operating under charters
granted by the crown.
• Charles II used proprietaries as a device to meet pent-up demands for
territorial expansion as well as to repay political and economic debts
incurred in the struggle for the throne.
• American proprietors were forced to yield power and privileges to
their colonists.
What are the similarities and
differences between Charter
Colonies, Royal Colonies, and
Propriety Colonies?
New England Colonies
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• New Hampshire / Maine
Maryland
• 1634 – Named for Queen Henrietta Maria,
and Granted to Lord Baltimore
• The First Proprietary colony
• Wanted the colony to be a refuge for
Catholics.
Massachusetts
• Settled by Leyden Separatists, a very strict sect
of Puritans, Known to us as the pilgrims.
• They didn’t actually land there, they had to be
granted the right to settle there.
• Wrote and signed the Mayflower compact
stating they would form a government and
abide by its laws.
Rhode Island
• Founded by people who disagreed with
religions of other areas.
• Roger Williams, the founder believed in a
separation between church and state and
established the town of Providence.
• Anne Hutchinson argued the idea of being
saved and settled near Portsmouth.
Connecticut
• Founded in 1633 by Puritans form Plymouth;
other congregations from Massachusetts soon
increased the colonies size.
• Their “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut”
was a series of laws governing the group, and
not limiting voting to church members.
New Hampshire & Maine
• 1629 – Fernando Gorges founded Maine and
his associate Captain John Mason Founded
New Hampshire.
• Ambiguous specifications as to its boundaries
allowed Massachusetts to take over both
areas in the 1640’s.
• 1679 – New Hampshire became a royal colony
and Maine was bought by Massachusetts.
New England Colonies
• Land and weather not good
for farming
• Built ships for trade
• Boston Harbor one of the
main ports
• These boats used in
Triangular Trade
• Primary Industry was ship
building, fishing and lumber
manufacturing.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxbPnqz
bHSo
Create a Pictograph
showing the industry of the
New England Colonies
The Middle Colonies
• New York
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
• Delaware
Characteristics
• Excellent land for farming
• Fewer industries than New England, more
than in the South
• Population more ethnically mixed, religiously
tolerant, democratically controlled
• Less aristocratic than New England and the
Southern colonies (except N.Y.)
New York
•
•
•
•
•
•
New Amsterdam
Founded in 1626
Founded by Dutch; English in 1664
Shipbuilding and trade
Governor appointed by king
Dutch Reformed, others
New Jersey
• Founded in 1664
• Founded by Dutch and Swedish; Lord John
Berkeley and Sir George Carteret were given
the land in 1664 by the English Duke of York
• Wheat, rye, and oats
• Governor appointed by king
• Quaker, Dutch Reformed, and others
Pennsylvania
• Philadelphia
• Founded in 1681
• Founded by William Penn as a safe place for
Quakers
• Shipbuilding and trade
• Proprietor selected the governor
• Quaker
Delaware
•
•
•
•
•
Founded in 1682
Founded by William Penn
Tobacco
Proprietor selected the governor
Quaker
Colonial Lifestyles
• Most colonists were farmers
• Women wove, cooked, cleaned, and cared for
children
• Men cleared the land– fenced, planted, and
cropped it; cut firewood, and butchered
livestock
• Children helped with adult tasks as well as
being schooled when possible
Lifestyles cont.
• Compared to most 17th century Europeans,
the colonist had a higher standard of living
• Land was cheap
• Wages were about three times that of Europe
The Middle Colonies had excellent
land for farming leading to the region
being called the “bread colonies”.
The Middle Colonies
• Three rivers, Susquehanna
(Sus·que·han·na), Delaware, and
Hudson
• Tapped fur trade in the interior
and exploration in the
Backcountry.
Middle Colonies
•
Many different religions; Quakers settled
Pennsylvania; were very tolerant of religious
differences.
•
They did not believe in formal church
structures such as the Church of England.
•
Diverse population; (Dutch, Germans,
Swedish, French, Scots-Irish, English)
•
Big Cities (NY, Philadelphia)
•
Distribution center of goods from and to
England
•
Primary Industry was ship building, farming,
lumber manufacturing, Exporting goods.
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-middlecolonies-new-york-delaware-new-jerseypennsylvania.html#lesson
Create a Pictograph
showing the industry of the
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Virginia
• Georgia
North Carolina
• Originally called Albemarle, this area was settled by
stragglers from Virginia.
• Area was granted to 8 English noblemen by King Charles
II who became Lords Proprietors of the region.
• 1st actual town was founded by French Huguenots
(Hu·gue·not)
• Taken Over by the King in 1739
South Carolina
• Region also controlled by the 8 Lords
Proprietors.
• The area was more desired due to the better
ports.
• It’s governing document drawn up in part by
the philosopher John Locke, and allowed
absolute religious toleration.
• Became a royal colony in 1719
Georgia
• Founded as a buffer against the Native
Americans of Florida.
• Also was an experiment in social reform, was
to be a refuge for the poor and persecuted.
• Provided a buffer, but restrictions on land and
commerce led to its demise as a experiment
and became a Royal colony.
Virginia
• Became a royal colony in 1624
• First permanent English settlement in the New World at
Jamestown.
• It provided a source of fertile land and great wealth to
England in the form of the cash crop, tobacco.
• First institutional instance of representative self government.
Southern Colonies
• A abundance of land and a shortage of
colonists created large land tracts in the
south, which ended up being worked by labor
such a indentured servants and slave labor.
• Tobacco grew well in this region and soon
became the south’s “cash crop”
Southern Colonies
• Rural; large plantations
• land owners held most of
the power
• Slaves
• relied on agriculture
(tobacco, rice, corn, cotton)
http://educationportal.com/academy/lesson/the-southerncolonies-settlement-andgrowth.html#lesson
Create a Pictograph
showing the industry of the
Southern Colonies
Create a Venn Diagram describing the
similarities and differences between
the New England, Middle and
Southern Colonies.
Salem Witch Trials
Growth in Salem Town
• Spreads inland quickly so a new community
forms – Salem Village.
• “Villagers” want own Church, Minister & New
Meeting House.
• Early support by “Town” declines over political
influence – access to property, family
inheritances and wealth.
“Village” Leadership Tough
• “Village” Minister Parris challenges “Town” powers - the
prominent Putnam family, living along border of “Town”
and “Village”.
• Battle is over influence in community affairs.
• “Village” seeks more independence from “Town”
• “Town” officials vote against “Village” on many
issues
• Becomes rich vs. poor struggle
Targeted Accusations
• Minister Parris and his allies accused
vulnerable Putnam family members and
friends to intimidate them and force them to
back off their political goals in Salem Village.
Gory Statistics
From June through September of 1692:
- 19 men and women, convicted of witchcraft, were carted to Gallows
Hill, a barren slope near Salem Village, for hanging.
- Another man of over eighty years was pressed to death under heavy
stones for refusing to submit to a trial on witchcraft charges.
- At least four accused witches had died in prison.
- One to two hundred other persons were arrested and imprisoned on
witchcraft charges.
- Two dogs were executed as suspected accomplices of witches.
Theories About How
• Girls affected by symptoms of “possession” were
encouraged to fake them by Parris & his supporters.
• Girls from broken families were seeking attention,
but went to far…
• Victims of “ergot poisoning”. Ergot is a fungus on
bread that produces the chemical LSD.
The June 10, 1692 hanging of Bridget Bishop
Bridget Bishop was the first person executed for
witchcraft during the Salem witch trials of 1692
http://www.history.com/topics/salemwitch-trials/videos/salem-witch-trials
What was the cause of the
Salem Witch Trials
Anne Hutchinson
Anne Hutchinson
• One of the founders of Rhode Island after her banishment
from Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• Organized weekly meetings of Boston women to discuss
recent sermons and to give expression to her own theological
views.
• Stressed the individual’s intuition as a means of reaching God
and salvation, rather than the observance of institutionalized
beliefs and the precepts of ministers.
• She was tried by the General Court chiefly for “traducing the
ministers,” was convicted in 1637, and was sentenced to
banishment.
The Trial of Anne
Hutchinson
(1637)
The Trial of Anne Hutchinson (1637)
Opening main point of Governor Winthrop:
Anne Hutchinson has troubled the peace of the
commonwealth and the churches here.
“…[Y]ou have maintained a meeting and an assembly in
your house that hath been condemned by the general
assembly as a thing not tolerable nor comely in the sight of
God nor fitting for your sex….”
Anne Hutchinson:
“I hear not things laid to my charge.”
The Trial of Anne Hutchinson (1637)
Governor Winthrop’s accusation toward Hutchinson:
You have meetings in which you express opinions different from
the word of God that “may seduce many simple souls that resort
unto you,…”
Hutchinson in her defense:
“Now if you do condemn me for speaking what in my conscience
I know to be truth I must commit myself unto the Lord.”
Question from Mr. Nowel:
“How do you know that that was the spirit?
Hutchinson’s eventual reply:
“…by an immediate revelation.”
Governor Winthrop’s conclusion:
…[T]he ground work of her revelations is the immediate
revelation of the spirit and not by the ministry of the word and
that is the means by which she hath very much abused the
country….”
The Trial of Anne Hutchinson (1637)
Verdict: Guilty
“Mrs. Hutchinson, the sentence of the court you hear is that
you are banished from out of our jurisdiction as being a
woman not fit for our society, and are to be imprisoned till
the court shall send you away.”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcjzLXuD-uQ
In your opinion, Why was
Ann Hutchinson put on trial and
why was she banished from
the Massachusetts Bay Colony