記錄
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4623
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NC091FJU00493001
助教
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號
學校
名稱
輔仁大學
系所
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歷史學系
舊系
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稱
學號
486026011
研究
楊淳嫻
生(中)
研究
Yang, Chun-Hsien
生(英)
論文
名稱
(中)
論文
名稱
(英)
解讀台夫特的司芬克斯─論十七世紀荷蘭畫家維梅爾對當時社會的觀察
A Reinterpretation of "The Sphinx of Delft": Seventeenth-Century Dutch Society
in the Eyes of Johannes Vermeer
其他
題名
指導
教授
(中)
張淑勤
指導
教授
(英)
Chang, Su-Chin
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全文 2003.07.14
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01
學位
類別
碩士
畢業
學年
度
91
出版
年
語文
別
中文
關鍵 維梅爾 十七世紀荷蘭繪畫 風俗畫 荷蘭共和國 歷史感覺 視覺文化 陰性
字(中) 氣質
關鍵 Johannes Vermeer 17th-Century Dutch Painting Genre Painting Dutch Republic
字(英) Historical Sensation Visual Culture Femininity
摘要
(中)
新史學多元化的研究趨勢，使得與過去溝通的管道不再侷限於純文字紀
錄，如何運用鮮明的視覺圖像去刺激想像、詮釋歷史，也逐漸為近來的
研究者所重視。雖然在實際運用上，仍然面臨許多因為跨學科所造成的
困難，然而也極具挑戰性。 在這篇論文裡，我嘗試從分析十七世紀荷蘭
畫家維梅爾（Johannes Vermeer, 1632-1675）的繪畫作品，進而瞭解畫家
是如何理解並詮釋他眼中的真實。在歷經數百年後，畫面本身已成為
「歷史文件」，其中匯聚了畫家、當時與後來的觀看者、以及來自不同
領域研究者的多重目光，因此，這篇論文的首要之務，便在於釐清來自
四面八方的錯綜視線，將焦點重新凝聚在十七世紀荷蘭社會，針對畫家
最關切的繪畫主題，女性，與當時社會上的看法作出比對，進而瞭解個
人是如何去面對、適應於來自於日常生活的種種複雜瑣碎，以及社會抱
持的固有傳統，以畫筆對他所身處的世界作出獨一無二的精緻詮釋。 我
所面對的，是對於有心從事歷史研究者都曾遭遇的基本問題：如何處理
自己的歷史感覺，以及回應來自過去的召喚。作為對於歷史寫作的初步
嘗試，這篇論文當中概略涉及了十七世紀荷蘭政治歷史、社會背景、當
時的文藝創作、畫家生活與藝術市場的實際運行，並援用十九、二十世
紀以來的哲學觀點、性別論述、藝術史各方面的研究成果，作為重新解
讀維梅爾的方法依據。
摘要
(英)
論文
目次
參考
文獻
目錄 致謝 凡例 論文提要 插圖目錄 第一章、 視覺經驗與歷史感覺的交
換 1.1. 展覽會 1.2. 畫家生平 1.3. 從視覺到歷史 第二章、 繪與畫：重構十
七世紀荷蘭圖像 2.1. 共和國的光與影 2.2. 畫家、公會、消費者 2.3. 道德
第三章、 解讀司芬克斯的謎題 3.1. 刺點 3.2. 相似性 3.3. 陰性氣質 第四
章、 結論：維梅爾眼中的真實世界 參考書目 附圖
西文書目 I. Books Alpers, Svetlana. The Art of Describing: Dutch Art in the
Seventeenth century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983. -------------------. Rembrandt's Enterprise: The Studio and the Market. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1988. Arasse, Daniel. Vermeer: Faith in Painting. Translated by
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View of Delft: Vermeer Then and Now. London: Pimlico, 2001. Blokland, Hans
Theodorus. Freedom and Culture in Western Society. New York: Routledge,
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Archaeology of the Human Science. London: Tavistock, 1974. Franits, Wayne E.
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述的主流模式及其轉變〉，《世界史教育研討論文集》（台北：政大，
2000）頁 137-149。 插圖目錄 I. 維梅爾作品 Plate 1. Saint Pracedis. 1665. Oil
on canvas, 101.6 x 82.6 cm. Private collection Plate 2. Christ in the House of
Mary and Martha. c. 1655. Oil on canvas, 160 x 142 cm. National Galleries of
Scotland, Edinburgh Plate 3. Diana and Her Companions. c. 1655-1656. Oil on
canvas, 98.5 x 105 cm. Mauritshuis, The Hague Plate 4. The Procuress. 1656. Oil
on canvas, 143 x 130 cm. Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Gemaldegalerie, Dresden
Plate 5. A Woman Asleep. c. 1657. Oil on canvas, 83 x 64.5 cm. The
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Bequest of Benjamin Altman, 1913
Plate 6. Girl Reading a Letter at an Open Window. c. 1657. Oil on canvas, 87.6 x
76.5 cm. Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Gemaldegalerie, Dresden Plate 7. The
Little Street. c. 1657-1658. Oil on canvas, 54.3 x 44 cm. Rijksmuseum,
Amsterdam Plate 8. Officer and Laughing Girl. c. 1658-1660. Oil on canvas, 50.5
x 46 cm. The Frick Collection, New York Plate 9. The Milkmaid. c. 1658-1660.
Oil on canvas, 45.5 x 41 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam Plate 10. The Glass of
Wine. c. 1658-1660. Oil on canvas, 65 x 77 cm. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin,
Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Gemaldegalerie Plate 11. The Girl with the Wineglass.
c. 1659-1660. Oil on canvas, 78 x 67 cm. Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum,
Braunschweig Plate 12. Girl Interrupted at Her Music. c. 1660-1661. Oil on
canvas, 39.3 x 44.4 cm. The Frick Collection, New York Plate 13. View of Delft.
c. 1660-1661. Oil on canvas, 98.5 x 117.5 cm. Mauritshuis, The Hague Plate 14.
The Music Lesson. c. 1662-1664. Oil on canvas, 73.3 x 64.5 cm. The Royal
Collection c Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Plate 15. Woman in Blue Reading a
Letter. c. 1663-1664. Oil on canvas, 46.5 x 39 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Plate 16. Woman Holding a Balance. c. 1664. Oil on canvas, 42.5 x 38 cm.
Widner Collection, c 1997 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art,
Washington, D.C. Plate 17. Young Woman with a Water Pitcher. c. 1664-1665.
Oil on canvas, 45.7 x 40.6 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift
of Henry G. Marquand, 1889 Plate 18. Woman with a Lute. c. 1664. Oil on
canvas, 51.4 x 45.7 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Bequest of
Collis P. Huntington, 1925 Plate 19. Woman with a Pearl Necklace. c. 1664-1665.
Oil on canvas, 55 x 45 cm. Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer
Kulturbesitz, Gemaldegalerie Plate 20. A Lady Writing. c. 1665-1666. Oil on
canvas, 45 x 39.9 cm. Gift of Harry Havemeyer and Horace Havemeyer, Jr., in
memory of their father, Horace Havemeyer, c 1996 Board of Trustees, National
Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Plate 21. Girl with a Pearl Earring. c. 16651666. Oil on canvas, 46.5 x 40 cm. Mauritshuis, The Hague Plate 22. The
Concert. c. 1665-1666. Oil on canvas, 72.5 x 64.7 cm. Isabella Stewart Gardner
Museum, Boston Plate 23. Girl with the Red Hat. c. 1665-1666. Oil on canvas,
23.2 x 18.1 cm. Andrew W. Mellon Collection, c 1996 Board of Trustees,
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Plate 24. The Art of Painting. c. 16661667. Oil on canvas, 120 x 100 cm. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna Plate 25.
Mistress and Maid. c. 1667-1668. Oil on canvas, 90.2 x 78.7 cm. The Frick
Collection, New York Plate 26. Portrait of a Young Woman. c. 1667-1668. Oil on
canvas, 44.5 x 40 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Gift of Mr.
And Mrs. Charles Wrightsman, in memory of Theodore Rousseau, 1979 Plate 27.
The Geographer. c. 1668-1669. Oil on canvas, 53 x 46.6 cm. Stadelsches
Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany Plate 28. The Astronomer. 1668. Oil
on canvas, 50 x 45 cm. Musee du Louvre, Paris Plate 29. The Lacemaker. c. 16691670. Oil on canvas, 24.5 x 21 cm. Musee du Louvre, Paris Plate 30. The Guitar
Player. 1670. Oil on canvas, 53 x 46.3 cm. Kenwood, English Heritage as
Trustees of The Iveagh Bequest, London Plate 31. The Love Letter. c. 1669-1670.
Oil on canvas, 44 x 38.5cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam Plate 32. Lady Writing a
Letter with Her Maid. c. 1670. Oil on canvas, 71.1 x 58.4cm. National Gallery of
Ireland, Dublin Plate 33. Allegory of Faith. c. 1671-1674. Oil on canvas, 114.3.5 x
88.9 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Bequest of Michael
Friedsman, 1931. The Friedsman Collection Plate 34. A Lady Standing at the
Virginal. c. 1672-1673. Oil on canvas, 51.7 x 45.2 cm. Reproduced by Courtesy of
the Trustees, National Gallery, London Plate 35. A Lady Seated at the Virginal. c.
1675. Oil on canvas, 51.5 x 45.5 cm. Reproduced by Courtesy of the Trustees,
National Gallery, London II. 各章插圖 Fig. 1. Dirk Hals, Woman Tearing Up a
Letter. 1631. Panel, 45.5 x 56 cm. Mittelrheinisches Landesmuseum, Mainz Fig.
2. Gabriel Metsu, Woman Reading a Letter. 1662-1665. Oil on canvas, 52.5 x
40.2 cm. National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin Fig. 3. Adriaen van Ostade, In the
Village Inn. 1660. Oil on panel, 45.5 x 39 cm. Gemaldegalerie, Dresden Fig. 4.
Dirk Hals, Merry Company. Oil on panel, 45 x 67.5 cm. Private Collection Fig. 5.
Dirck van Baburen, The Procuress. 1622. Oil on canvas, 101 x 107.3 cm.
Purchased Maria T. B. Hopkins Fund. Courtsey Museum of Fine Arts, Boston Fig.
6. Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet, Interior of the Nieuwe Kerk, Delft, with the
Tomb of Prince William of Orange. c. 1650. Oil on canvas, 100.5 x 91 cm.
Stedelijk Museum Het Prinsenhof, Delft, on loan from the Insititut Collectie
Nederland Fig. 7. Jan Steen, Prinsjesdag. 1660. Panel, 46 x 62.5 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam Fig. 8. Rembrandt, The Night Watch. 1642. Oil on
canvas, 363 x 437 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam Fig. 9. Frans Hals, The Meagre
Company. 1633-1637. Oil on canvas, 207.3 x 427.5 cm. Rijksmuseum,
Amsterdam Fig. 10. Hendrick Vroom, The Battle of Haarlemmermeer. 1629.
Canvas, 190 x 268 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam Fig. 11. Joost Droochsloot, The
Battle on Vucht Heath. 1620. Canvas, 65 x 94.5 cm. Private Collection Fig. 12.
Govert Flinck, Marcus Curius Dentatus Preferring Turnips to Gold. 1656. Oil on
canvas, 4.8 x 3.7 m. Koninklijk Paleis, Amsterdam Fig. 13. Emanuel de Witte,
Interior of the Oude Kerk, Amsterdam. c. 1660-1665. Oil on canvas, 65.4 x 73
cm. Private Collection Fig. 14. Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet, Interior of the
Nieuwe Kerk, Delft, with the Grave and the Memorial Plaque of Adriaen Teding
van Berkhout. 1661. Oil on canvas, 100 x 112 cm. Stedelijk Museum Het
Prinsenhof, Delft, on loan from the Teding van Berkhout Foundation Fig. 15.
Rembrandt, Portrait of a Family. c. 1668. Oil on canvas, 126 x 167 cm. HerzogAnton-Ulrich-Museum, Braunschweig Fig. 16. Emanuel De Witte, Portrait of a
Family. 1678. Oil on canvas. Bayerische Staatgemaldesammlungen, Alte
Pinakothek, Munich Fig. 17. Pieter de Hooch, The Bedroom. c. 1658-1660. Oil on
canvas, 51 x 60 cm. Naional Gallery of Art, Washington, Widener Collection Fig.
18. Pieter de Hooch, The Linen Cupboard. 1663. Oil on canvas, 72 x 77.5 cm.
Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam Fig. 19. Jan Steen, Celebrating the Birth. 1664. Oil on
canvas, 89 x 109 cm. Wallace Collection, London, Courtsey the Bridgeman Art
Library, London. Fig. 20. Adriaen van Ostade, The Family. 1647. Oil on oak
panel, 43 x 36.5 cm. Hofstede de Groot, III, no. 480. Szepmuveszeti Muzeum,
Budapest Fig. 21. Nicolaes Maes, The Idle Servant. 1655. Panel, 70 x 53.3 cm.
Reproduced by Courtesy of the Trustees, National Gallery, London Fig. 22.
Nicolaes Maes, Woman Plucking a Duck. c. 1655-1656. Oil on canvas, 59.7 x
65.4 cm. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Gift of Mrs. W. Newbold Ely
in memory of Mr. And Mrs. Roland L. Taylor Fig. 23. JohannesVermeer, The
Glass of Wine (Detail). c. 1658-1660. Oil on canvas, 65 x 77 cm. Staatliche
Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Gemaldegalerie Fig. 24.
Temperance, woodcut from Dirck Pietersz. Pers, Iconologia, p.317. 1644. 8.1 x
5.7 cm. Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania Fig. 25. Casper Netscher, The LaceMaker. 1664. 34 x 28 cm. Wallace Collection, London Fig. 26. Gerbrand van
Eeckhout, A Musical Party. Oil on canvas, 50.5 x 62.5 cm. Metropolitan Museum
of Art, New York. Bequest of Annie C. Kane, 1926 Fig. 27. Nicolaes Maes, The
Eavesdropper. 1657. Oil on canvas, 92.5 x 122 cm. Dordrechts Museum,
Dordrecht, on loan from the Collection Netherlands Institute for Cultural Heritage,
Rijswijk, Amsterdam Fig. 28. Gerard Ter Borch, Lute-player and an Officer. Oil
on panel, 37 x 32.5 cm. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Bequest of
Benjamin Altman, 1913 Fig. 29. Frans van Mieris, The Oyster Meal. 1661. Panel,
27 x 20 cm. Mauritshuiz, The Hague Fig. 30. Nicolaus Knupfer, A Brothel Scene.
Panel, 50 x 60 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam Fig. 31. Gerard Ter Borch, Portrait
of Wiesken Matthys Spinning. Oil on panel, 34.5 x 29.c.cm. Stichting Willem van
der Vorm, Museum Boymans-Van Beuningen, Rotterdam Fig. 32. Gerard Ter
Borch, Portrait of Wiesken Matthys Combing a Child's Hair. c. 1650. Oil on
panel, 33.5 x 29 cm. Mauritshuiz, The Hague Fig. 33. Gerard Dou, The Cook.
Louvre, Paris Fig. 34. Daniel Vosmaer, View of Delft with a Fantasy Loggia.
1663. Oil on canvas, 90.5 x 113 cm. Stedelijk Museum Het Prinsenhof, Delft, on
loan from the Instituut Collectie Nederland Fig. 35. Hendrick Cornelisz. Vroom,
View of Delft. 1615. Oil on canvas, 71 x 160 cm. Stedelijk Museum Het
Prinsenhof, Delft Fig. 36. Hendrick Cornelisz. Vroom, View of Delft from the
Northwest. c. 1634. Oil on canvas, 71 x 162 cm. Stedelijk Museum Het
Prinsenhof, Delft Fig. 37. Rembrandt, Dr Faustus. c. 1652-53. Etching, 20.9 x
16.1 cm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam Fig. 38. Jacob Ochtervelt, Street Musicians at
the Door. 1665. Oil on canvas, 68.6 x 55.9 cm. Art Museum, St. Louis
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