HUMOR AND EDUCATION
by Don L. F. Nilsen
and Alleen Pace Nilsen
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Teaching and Learning are Inseparable
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Children Laughing & Playing
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Using Humor in the Classroom
• “Humor can foster analytic, critical, and
divergent thinking; catch and hold students’
attention, increase retention of learned
material, relieve stress, build rapport
between teacher and students, build team
spirit among classmates, smooth potentially
rough interactions, promote risk taking, and
get shy and slow students involved in
activities” (Morreall [2008]: 465).
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Critical and Divergent Thinking
• Fred Stopsky’s Humor in the Classroom has
ways of promoting critical and divergent
thinking:
– Have students design wanted posters for Adolph
Hitler and Sadam Hussein
– Have students research “ludicrous laws”
– Have students discuss famous bad predictions,
like “Heavier than air machines are impossible.”
– Have students discuss interesting song lyrics like
“No Irish Need Apply.”
• (Morreall [2008] 465)
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Lettuce Amuse U.
• One of the largest driving schools in the
state of California is Lettuce Amuse U. This
driving school has only comics as
instructors.
• Their humor allows students to relax, and
when students make mistakes, their
humorous reactions allow them to learn in a
non-defensive way. (Morreall [2008] 466)
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Metcalf and Felible’s 3 Lighten-Up Rules of Survival
• In their Lighten Up: Survival Skills for People Under
Pressure, Metcalf and Felible have three rules:
• 1. Be able to see the absurdity in difficult
situations,
• 2. Be able to take yourself lightly while taking your
work seriously, and
• 3. Develop your sense of joy and being alive.
• (Morreall [2008] 466)
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Photo Funnies
• Metcalf and Felible suggest that people visit
a photo booth and take several pictures of
their outlandishly distorted faces.
• Then, when a major problem arises, take out
the photos, and think, “You are not just the
problem you’re having; you’re this too.”
• (Morreall [2008]: 467)
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HUMOR IN EDUCATION
• James Gordon of Brigham Young University says
that “when students are having fun, the class time
virtually flies by, and the 50 minutes of class seem
like a mere 48.”
• Sometimes he tells students that the day’s topic is
so boring that it fits Mark Twain’s description of
“chloroform in print.”
• Then he turns away for a minute and reappears in a
simple disguise.
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 188)
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HUMOR IN CHILDREN’S LITERATURE
• Exaggeration is the most common feature of humorous
children’s literature; however there are other features as well:
• Antiauthority Humor
• Comedies of Manners
• Intellectual Play, including fantasy and wordplay
• Parody
• Surprise, Incongruity and Scary, Shocking or Verboten
References (Nilsen & Nilsen 68)
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ANTIAUTHORITY HUMOR
• Alison Lurie in her Don’t Tell the Grown-Ups:
Why Kids Love the Books They Do
conjectures that one of the reasons children
love the Winnie the Pooh books is that they
identify with Christopher Robin, who gets to
be an all-powerful, beneficent dictator, or at
least the parent figure, for Eeyore, Kanga,
Baby Roo, Owl, Piglet, Pooh, Rabbit and
Tigger .
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 68)
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COMEDIES OF MANNERS
• One of the most entertaining comedies of
manners is Barbara Robinson’s The Best
Christmas Pageant Ever in which the worst
kids in town, the Herdmans, who have even
been known to smoke cigars and to steal
stuff from the Sunday School cupboard, are
assigned the best parts in the Christmas
program.
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 69)
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EXCUSES
• Children are really good at thinking of excuses for
being absent, or for not doing their homework
assignments. When students brought excuses to
Bill Haggart he would have the students place them
on the bulletin board under one of the three
following categories:
– Helpless,
– Hopeless, or
– Not in Control of the Body.
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 263)
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EXAGGERATION
• The greedy children who get their just
desserts on Roald Dahl’s Charlie and
the Chocolate Factory make readers
feel superior as the characters do in
Harry Allard and James Marshall’s The
Stupids Have a Ball, The Stupids Step
Out, and The Stupids Die.
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 68)
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LANGUAGE PLAY
• One of Judy Blume’s strengths in such books as Are
You There, God? It’s Me, Margaret, and Tales of a
Fourth Grade Nothing is the witty dialogue of her
characters.
• A book such as Judith Viorst’s Alexander and the
Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day makes
readers laugh at Alexander’s frustrations while at the
same time lending reassurance that people do
survive bad days.
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 69)
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• Walter Redfern, in his Puns says that
children play with words much like they
do with toys.
• He says that without humor, they would
lack practice in the art of thinking—the
most complex and powerful survival
tool that humans have.
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 70)
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• The puns and double meanings in nursery
rhymes and nonsense verse get children
ready for the double meanings of words in
the eleven Amelia Bedelia books by Peggy
Parish.
• Amelia is a housemaid who takes everything
literally.
– When she is told to “put out the lights,” she hangs
the light bulbs outside on the clothesline.
– When she is told to “dress the chicken,” she puts
ruffles and a skirt on it.
– When she is told to “draw the drapes,” she gets
out a sketch pad and makes a picture.
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 70)
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SHOCKING AND SURREALISTIC INCONGRUITIES
• Maurice Sendak has created such
imaginative books as Where the Wild Things
Are and In the Night Kitchen.
• Sendak’s dream sequences are as creative
as the ones in Lewis Carroll’s Alice in
Wonderland or Through the Looking Glass.
And Sendak’s books are accessible to much
younger children.
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 70)
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• Young children can be shocked by very
simple allusions.
• For example, kindergartners’ eyes grow big
when they imagine Hans Christian
Andersen’s Emperor without his clothes, and
they giggle at the sight of holey socks, boxer
shorts, garter belts, and bras in Karla Kuskin
and Mark Simont’s The Philharmonic Gets
Dressed.
• For a similar reason, kids love Dave Pilkey’s
Captain Underpants books.
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 71)
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• Harve and Margot Zemach’s Duffy and
the Devil is for slightly older children.
• This is a Cornish version of
Rumpelstiltskin, in which a frustrated
devil turns Squire Lovel’s newly knit
clothes to ashes leaving the squire out
on the moor naked except for his boots
and the hat he clutches in front of his
genitals.
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 71)
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• Roald Dahl is even more shocking in writing
about his Big Friendly Giant who thinks
“whizzpopping [farting] is a sign of
happiness…music to our ears.”
• In Dahl’s The Twits, Mr. and Mrs Twit are two
of the grossest characters in all of children’s
literature.
• Mr. Twit is repulsive and hairy and has a
disgusting beard that is a smorgasbord of
moldy, rotten leftover bits of food stuck to
his whiskers.
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• Mrs. Twit is ugly mainly because she is filled
with “ugly thoughts.”
• In one scene she drops her glass eye into Mr.
Twit’s beer so that when he gets to the
bottom of the glass he is amazed to see it
staring up at him.
• “I told you I was watching you,” cackled Mrs.
Twit. “I’ve got eyes everywhere so you better
be careful.”
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 72)
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PARODY
• Children also love parodies, such as
Jon Scieszka’s The True Story of the 3
Little Pigs, The Frog Prince Continued,
The Stinky Cheese Man: And Other
Fairly Stupid Tales, and The Math
Curse.
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RIDDLES
• A girl is locked in a room that is empty
except for a piano, a wooden table, a
saw, and a baseball bat. The door is
locked and there are no windows or
other openings. How does she get
out?
• She breaks out with the chicken pox.
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Other possible answers are:
She used the saw to cut the table in half.
Since two halves make a whole, she
crawled out through the hole.
She played the piano until she found the
right key. Then she unlocked to door
and let herself out.
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• She ran around the room until
she wore herself out.
• She swung the baseball bat
three times. It was three
strikes, and she was out.
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• What has 18 legs and red spots
and catches flies?
• A baseball team with the
measles.
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• !J. Kenneth Whitt and Norman M.
Prentice wrote an article in
Developmental Psychology which
illustrated the stages of riddle
appreciation that children experience.
• PRE-RIDDLE: What did the big
firecracker say to the little firecracker?
• You’re too little to pop!
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• !HOMONYMIC NEUTRAL RIDDLE: Why
is a packed baseball field always cool?
• It has a fan in every seat!
• HOMONYMIC SUPERIORITY RIDDLE:
Why did the little girl eat bullets?”
• She wanted her hair to grow out in
bangs!
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• !IMPROBABLE RELATIONSHIP RIDDLE:
Where can you find roads without cars?
• On a map!
• RIDDLE PARODY: What do squirrels
have that no other animal has?
• Baby squirrels!
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!A MORE SOPHISTICATED
RIDDLE PARODY:
• In The Joys of Yiddish, Leo Rosten tells
about a father who asks his son, “What
is it that hangs on the wall, is green,
wet, and whistles?”
• When the boy cannot guess, the father
responds, “It’s a herring.”
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• !!“But” says the son, “a herring doesn’t hang on the
wall.” The father responds, “So hang it there.”
• “But” says the son, “a herring isn’t green.” The
father responds, “So paint it green.”
• “But” says the son, “a herring isn’t wet.” The father
responds, “It is if it’s freshly painted.”
• “But” says the son in exasperation, “A herring
doesn’t whistle.” “Right,” said the father, “I just put
that in to make it hard.”
• (Nilsen & Nilsen 257)
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!!!Alleen and Don Nilsen Teach about Humor,
Linguistics & Names:
http://www.phoenixartspace.com/icm/
!!!Mary Kay Morrison Teaches about
Humor in the Classroom:
http://www.tvo.org/cfmx/tvoorg/tvoparent
s/index.cfm?page_id=483&event_id=226
7&sitefolder=tvoparents
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HOT POTATOES HOME PAGE
• For creating interactive multiple-choice,
short-answer, jumbled-sentence,
crossword, matching/ordering and gapfill exercises.
• http://hotpot.uvic.ca/
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Students Having Fun
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Humor in Education Web Sites
HUMOR QUEST (Mary Kay Morrison):
http://www.questforhumor.com/
MALCOLM IN THE MIDDLE:
http://www.fox.com/malcolm/
PLAY & FOLKLORE JOURNAL:
http://museumvictoria.com.au/pages/15449/pla
y-and-folklore-53-april-2010.pdf
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SAVED BY THE BELL:
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0096694/
SIMPSONS TALK ABOUT GRAD STUDENTS:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8MBDeWmMho
SOUTHPARK:
http://www.southparkstudios.com/clips/155394/?tab=featured
THAT 70s SHOW:
http://www.that70sshow.com/
THE THE IMPOTENCE OF PROOFREEDING (TAYLOR MALI):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_rwB5_3PQc
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Related PowerPoint
• Creativity
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