Types of Ideologies
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Stresses individual rights and freedom of
choice
Includes the idea of decentralized government
but one that does promote personal freedom
and reduce inequities
Faith in human progress
Respect for sovereignty of the reasoning
individual
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John Locke and John Stuart Mill believed
human beings are equal and independent.
They believed that humans have certain
inalienable rights such as the right to life,
liberty, equality and ownership of property.
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Belief that individuals and society have a moral
responsibility to respect past traditions,
customs and habits.
When individuals and society wish to make
reforms, they we must be slow and gradual.
Belief that society should structured in a
hierarchical fashion.
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Edmund Burke believed society should be
structured in a hierarchy with those best suited
to leadership at the top, because people do not
have equal abilities.
Government should be chosen by a limited
electorate with special rights, responsibilities,
and privileges.
Stability must be achieved through law and
order and the maintenance of customs and
traditions that bind society together.
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Associated with the writings of Karl Marx.
Based on the concepts of class struggle.
Where Marxism focused on violent revolution
to create a classless society, Socialism focused
on peaceful social change in the interest of the
working class.
Belief that resources should be controlled by
the public for the benefit of everyone in society.
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Robert Owen believed that the harshness of life
under capitalism corrupted human nature.
Believed that education was the key to a
humane society.
Belief that everyone should be beneficially
employed.
Believed that living and working conditions
needed to improve for all.
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Radical form of socialism
According to Karl Marx, the only way to
overthrow capitalism was through a class
struggle between the proletariat and the
bourgeoisie—which would then bring about
significant change to society.
Belief that society should be classless.
The state should direct the economy to achieve
economic equality for all citizens.
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Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles elaborated on
the ideas of Marxism in the Communist
Manifesto.
Ideas such as abolition of private property,
centralization of factories and free education
for all were promoted.
Vladimir Lenin expanded on Marx’s ideas for
the purpose of carrying out the Russian
Revolution and establishing a dictatorship of
the proletariat in the USSR.