◦ IN THIS CORNER…….

William Howard Taft◦ Republican GOP incumbent.

Woodrow Wilson◦ Democrat

Theodore Roosevelt◦ Progressive Party aka BULL MOOSE

Eugene Debs
◦ Socialist

Roosevelt and Taft
◦
◦
◦
◦

Former friends
Taft replaced Roosevelt after 2nd term
Bigger reformer than Roosevelt
Roosevelt thought Taft was soft on regulation
and didn’t live up to Progressive Ideas
Wilson becomes President
◦ Roosevelt & Taft spilt republican vote
Civil Rights….You’re on your own!

Emancipation Proclamation◦ Freed Slaves in the Southern (disobedient) States.
◦ Sharecropper
 Transfer from slave to “worker”
 Tennant, seed, food, cash.
 Very high interest rates, low wages, no legal
protection
◦ Poll Tax
 Tax to vote
 Blacks & other minorities couldn’t afford it.
 Grandfather Clause
 Exemption to poll tax if your grandfather didn’t
have to pay prior to Civil War
◦ 13th Amendment
 Abolished Slavery
◦ 14th Amendment
 Defines Citizenship, due Process, Protects rights of
Citizens
◦ 15th Amendment
 Voting rights for all citizens (race)
◦ Segregation
 Races separated in many aspects of society

Plessy v.s. Ferguson (1896)
◦ Supreme Court established legal segregation “separate
but equal”
 Started in rail road, spread to all aspects of public life
especially in the SOUTH.
◦ “Separate but Equal” enforced in the south by Jim Crow
Laws and the Klan
◦ Ku Klux Klan- 1867
 Nathan Forrest- 1st Grand Wizard
 Made up of mostly Confederate soldiers
 Terrorist Organization



Ida B. Well- Launched a series of attacks on
lynching. Efforts created anti-lynching legislation,
however, authorities in south rarely enforced laws.
W.E.B DuBois- Founded the NAACP, promoted
education (Key to social& political equality).
Booker T. Washington- African Americans’ could
gain equality through economics

Segregation stood stagnant through
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
WWI 1914-1919
Prohibition 1920-1933
Depression 1929-1941
WWII 1941-1945
Red Scare. 1944-1954
◦ To be Continued
 1954 Brown v.s. Board of Education
Place the statements below into chronological
Corporations
order
Corporations
Govt. passes

use trusts to
continue
monopolies
over industry
the ShermanAnti-Trust
Act, making
trusts, illegal
• Corporations formed holding
companies to go around the
Sherman Anti Trust Act
• Corporations use trusts to continue
monopolies over industry
• Federal Courts could not enforce the
Sherman-Anti Trust Act, stating it
was too general
• Govt. passes the Sherman-Anti-Trust
Act, making trusts, illegal
formed holding
companies to go
around the
Sherman Anti
Trust Act
Federal Courts
could not
enforce the
Sherman-Anti
Trust Act,
stating it was
too general

Turn in your charts and political cartoon….
◦ Make sure your name and class period is on the top
◦ -20 pts for each
Although the nation was in an industrial boom via improved
transportation, Farmers were plagued with several issues.
Name at least two SPECIFIC issues discussed in the reading.
What was the purpose of the Grange cooperative?
Which of the following was not an issue raised by the
Populist party
1.
2.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Unlimited coinage of silver
A graduated income tax
More tariffs on foreign exports
Government ownership of railroads
Who was the radical Populist who ran for president in 1896?
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ben Tillman
William Jennings Bryan
Jerry Simpson
William McKinley



Increase farmers political
power
Influence legislation
Problems
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦

Declining prices
High interest rates
Economic depression
Bad crops
Land speculation
Unstable markets
Responded
◦ Blamed banks & RR
◦ Formed cooperatives
◦ Organized for political
action
Borrowed to buy
machines, seed, or
general improvement.
Used farm as collateral.
Debt
Insects, drought, floods,
tornadoes. One bad
crop year could ruin a
family for a decade.
Agriculture
over
production
Economic
Problems
Natural
Disaster
New farming
techniques, new
technology = more
crops = price drops
High
Cost
Insane shipping
and storage rates
regulated by rail
road companies
Price of goods go up!
GNP
Value of $$$$$
Money in circulation
More money in circulation
+
No rise is GNP
=
Decline in money value
=
Prices of goods go up!



US prints tons of
money and puts it
in circulation
More in circulation
means the value of
money drops
Means your dollar
is worth less
$$$$

Rise of the value in Money
=

Prices go down
Price of goods go down
=
Value of $$$$$
Less money in circulation
Money in circulation




US limits money in
circulation
Less in circulation
means the value of
money rises
Means your dollar
is worth more
$
Price of
goods
goes
down
Farmer
losses
his farm
Farmer
mortgages
his land
Crops
sell for
less
Corporate
buyout of
farm
Farmer
goes in to
debt to
bank
Farmer
borrows
money
Less
profit for
farmers
What?
•Farmer’s Union founded by Oliver Kelly
(MN)
•Cooperative movement - farmers pooled
their money to make shared purchases of
machinery, supplies, insurance, etc.
How?
•Worked for pro-farmer laws
•Ex. Interstate Commerce Act regulated rates of railroads
20
Importance
Key Players
• Farmers (west &
• Created to:
south)
Represent Farmers
• Protection from
High:
•
•
•
Shipping rates
Storage rates
Bankruptcy
• Argument
• Railroad was a
public utility –
regulated by
govt.
• Led to the Dept. of
Agriculture
Effect
• Granger Laws
• legislation that
regulated
railroads was
passed in 14
states.
Importance
Key Players
Effect
• Supreme court
prohibited states
from regulating
railroad prices
• Railroads,
• supreme court,
• state of Illinois
• Supreme court
position changes,
• States could NOT
regulate railroad.
• US Govt COULD
• Congress passed
the Interstate
Commerce Act
Importance
Key Players
Effect
• The act created
Interstate
Commerce
Commission
• the federal
governments
power to
investigate
and oversee
railroad
activities.
Congress
Supreme Court
• Established the
principle of
federal regulation
of interstate
transportation.
• Regulatory
Commissions to
determine good
or bad trusts.
• Private
businesses must
be minor to
public good.
“What you farmers need to do is raise less corn
and more Hell!”
Mary Elizabeth Lease (1890) Populist Organizer

Political Party that was in support of Farmers
and their rights.





End protective tariffs
Regulation on railroads
Direct election of senators
Silver as monetary base
Populism died
◦ as support for gold outweighed silver.
◦ Population shift from rural to urban areas

Why?
•Populists believed that this would solve
nearly all of the farmer’s problems
What?
•They wanted to use both silver and gold
coins, thus increasing the amount of
money in the country
•All money would be worth less, a
situation that was bad for creditors (big
banks) and good for debtors (farmers)
26

William Jennings Bryan
•Ran as a Populist
President in 1896 on
platform of Free Silver
•Big business opposes
his run, Republicans win
the white house, &
Populists fade away
Supported Farmers &
the Coinage of Silver
27
•
Written by Active
Populist L. Frank Baum
•Most things in the book
represent something
important to the populist
movement
28

Basic Symbols:
Ruby Slippers
Yellow Brick
Road
Oz
- In the book,
were actually
“Silver Slippers”
(magic of Free
Silver)
- “Gold” many dangers for
regular people (like
Dorothy)
- Abbreviation for Ounce
(way gold is measured)
29

Characters:
Dorothy
Scarecrow
Tin Man
- Everyman
- Farmers
- Industrial
Workers
30

Characters:
Lion
- William
Jennings Byran
(a pacifist)
Toto
Temperance
Activists (allies
of the
Populists)
Wizard
- President of
the United
States
31

Places:
Emerald City
- Washington D.C.
(in the book, the
color came from
Green Glasses that
everyone wore, a
trick)
Good Witches - Directions
of North & where Populists
had friends
South
(Midwest and
South)
32