Consciousness
Consciousness
Your Definition =
Definition = A state of awareness of
internal events and of the external
environment
Sleep Rhythm
• Circadian = occurs every 24 hours
Like sleep or metabolism
SLEEP
Sleep Stages
• Stage 1 =relatively light stage of sleep. Stage 1 can be
considered a transition period between wakefulness and
sleep. In Stage 1, the brain produces high amplitude theta
waves, which are very slow brain waves. This period of
sleep lasts only a brief time (around 5-10 minutes). If you
awaken someone during this stage, they might report that
they weren't really asleep.
• Stage 2 = lasts for approximately 20 minutes. The brain
begins to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave
activity known as sleep spindles. Body temperature starts
to decrease and heart rate begins to slow.
• Stage 3 = deep, slow brain waves known as delta waves
begin to emerge during stage 3 sleep. Stage 3 is a
transitional period between light sleep and a very deep
sleep.
Sleep Stages
• Stage 4 = referred to as delta sleep because of the
slow brain waves known as delta waves that occur
during this time. Stage 4 is a deep sleep that lasts for
approximately 30 minutes. Bed-wetting and
sleepwalking are most likely to occur at the end of
stage 4 sleep.
• Stage 5 = most dreaming occurs during the fifth stage
of sleep, known as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.
REM sleep is characterized by eye movement,
increased respiration rate and increased brain
activity. REM sleep is also referred to as paradoxical
sleep because while the brain and other body systems
become more active, muscles become more relaxed.
Dreaming occurs due because of increased brain
activity, but voluntary muscles become paralyzed.
• Cycle then repeats = person dependent (90-120 mins)
BY REQUEST
Life development & Sleep
• Sleep in infants (0-9 months) = this group
needs more sleep then any other group,
which can be divided into multiple periods.
Infants can get a total amount of sleep in a
day between 14-16 hours. This group spend
the most time in REM (Stage 5 = 35-40%)
then Stage 4 (20-25%)
Life development & Sleep
• Sleep in teens (13-19) = this group has a
modified circadian rhythm which also
means there sleep cycle is altered as well.
This group will l pass through Stage 1 and
2, and spend the vast amount of time in
Stages 3, 4, & 5.
Teen Sleep
• ..\..\..\Videos\RealPlayer Downloads\ABC
Catalyst S12E22 Teenage Sleep - YouTube.mp4
Life development & Sleep
• Sleep in adults = Most adults spend most
time in Stage Two (40-45%) then REM
(Stage 5 = 20-25%)
• Sleep in the elderly = the time in REM and
Stage 4 decrease. The amount in Stage 2
(30-35%) and Stage 3(25-30%) increase,
which means less restful and restorative
sleep.
Sleep and Dreams
• In 1959, New York disc jockey
Peter Tripp stayed awake for 200
hours to raise money for charity.
• After about 50 hours, he started
having mild hallucinations, seeing
cobwebs in his shoes when there
were none there and thinking that
specs of dirt on the ground were
actually bugs.
Sleep and Dreams
• After 100 hours had
gone by, he became
delirious and saw a
doctor’s tweed suit as a
tangled mess of furry
worms.
• Here, Peter Tripp is
shown yawning at 48
hours. 2 hours prior to
the onset of
hallucinations.
Sleep and Dreams
• At roughly 120 hours,
he needed to be given
stimulants in order to
keep him awake.
• At 150 hours, Peter was
disoriented, not
knowing who or where
he was, and he became
paranoid – he backed
against a wall, letting no
one pass behind him.
Sleep and Dreams
• Finally, by 200 hours, his hallucinations
had taken a sinister turn.
• Peter began to think that the doctor
attempting to examine him was an
undertaker coming to bury him.
• He was put to sleep by medical
examiners and slept for 13 hours
straight.
• Upon waking up, he asked for the
morning paper as if nothing had
happened.
Sleep and Dreams
• So, how important is sleep to humans?
• Sleep is VITAL to mental health!
• As Peter Tripp found out, if a person is deprived of
sleep, he or she will begin to have psychological
symptoms.
• Most people think of sleep as a state of
unconsciousness, punctuated by brief periods of
dreaming.
• This is only partially correct.
• Sleep is a state of altered consciousness, characterized
by certain patterns of brain activity and inactivity.
Why Do We Sleep
• We are not sure why people
sleep.
• Sleep is characterized by
unresponsiveness to the
environment and usually
limited physical mobility.
• There are many different
theories as to why we sleep:
• Re-Charge?
• Conserve Energy?
• Clear our minds of useless
information?
• …To dream?
How Much Sleep Do We Need?
• Humans spend
approximately one-third of
their lives in sleep!
• The amount of sleep that you
need to properly function
varies greatly from person to
person and time to time.
• Infants = 16, High School =
10, College = 8
Are YOU getting enough sleep?
• Sleep deprivation
survey
Dreams
• Your first few dreams are usually composed of vague
thoughts left over from the days activities.
• Example; you may report that you were watching
television in your dreams.
• As the night wears on, dreams become longer and
more vivid and dramatic, especially dreams that take
place during REM sleep.
• Because the amounts of time spent in REM sleep
increase during the night, the last dream is likely to
be the longest, and the one people remember when
they wake up.
• However, most people can barely remember more
than 15 minutes of a dream.
The Content of Dreams
• Actually…Dreams are usually very
boring and mundane.
• The majority of dreams feature you
sitting and watching whatever is
going on around you.
• Occasionally though, you dream
about something in an active sense.
In other words, you are an active
participant in your dream.
• These dreams are usually aggressive
in nature and involve some form of
strenuous recreational activity.
Dream Interpretation
• Dream interpretations have been discovered
dating back to 5000 BC.
• Psychoanalytic View- Sigmund Freud believed
that no matter how mundane, dreams
contained clues to thoughts the dreamer is
afraid to acknowledge while awake.
• Though many people are very skeptical about
the idea of dreams portraying reality, Freud’s
theories of subconscious desires and hopes
still maintain today.
A Few other Theories on Dreaming
1. Information Processing or Reverse Learning
1. Facilitates memory forming, “making sense” of the day and
“tying up loose ends”
2. Physiological Function
1. Helps us grow and develop our brains
3. Activation Synthesis
1. Dreams are the mind’s attempt to make sense of random
neural firing in the sleeping brain
4. Cognitive Development
5. Survival Theory-dreams give us info we need to survive
SLEEP & DREAMS
DREAMS
Lucid Dreaming
• is any dream in
which one, for
an
uninterrupted
and prolonged
amount of
time, is aware
that one is
dreaming.
Learning
Master
Sleep Disorders
• Sometimes we may
have problems falling
asleep or have
problems during sleep.
• These “sleep disorders”
can interfere with your
quality of life, personal
health, and even
endanger public safety.
Sleep Disorders
• Insomnia: The failure to
get enough sleep at
night in order to feel
rested the next day.
• This is usually a
prolonged period of
time.
• Insomnia can be caused
by anxiety, depression,
nervousness, alcohol,
and drug use.
Sleep Disorders
• Sleep Apnea: A sleep disorder in
which a person has trouble
breathing while asleep.
• Can be characterized by hundreds
of brief periods of snoring
throughout the night.
• A blocking of the breathing
passages actually causes the
snoring; during this time the victim
is in fact choking – the flow of the
air to the lungs stops.
• The episode ends when low levels
of oxygen or high levels of carbon
dioxide in the blood trigger
breathing reflexes.
Sleep Disorders
• Narcolepsy: A condition
characterized by suddenly falling
asleep or feeling extremely sleepy
during the day.
• Other symptoms include; unusual
sleep and dream patterns, such as
dreamlike hallucinations or of
temporary paralysis.
• People with narcolepsy can have
sleep attacks throughout the day.
• These sleep attacks are accompanied
by brief periods of REM sleep.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
ALVqaKQ5MWY
Sleep Disorders
• Night Terrors: Sleep disruptions that
occur during Stage IV of sleep,
involving screaming, panic, or
confusion.
• A night terror may last anywhere from
5 to 20 minutes.
• They involve screaming, sweating,
confusion, and a rapid heart rate.
• The subject may suddenly awake from
sleep or have a persistent fear that
occurs at night.
• Subjects usually have no memory of
night terrors.
Sleep Disorders
• Sleepwalking: Walking or carrying out daily
behaviors while asleep.
• During this disorder, you are partly but not
fully awake.
• You will have no memory of doing this.
• Sleepwalking is commonly associated with
children, although some adults retain this
ability.
• This disorder has been linked to stress,
fatigue, and the use of sedative medicines in
adults.
Sleepwalking/talking
• Sleepwalking may be inherited.
• It is usually harmless, however, it may become
dangerous if sleepwalkers fall or otherwise
injure themselves.
• Sleepwalkers movement is often clumsy and
unstable.
• Sleep talking is a common sleep disruption.
• Most people talk in their sleep much more
often than they realize, only they do not
remember it because it occurs during REM.
Sleep Walking Mom
Dream Interpretation
• 1. NOVA - What Are Dreams - HQ 1
(2009).wmv
• 2. NOVA - What Are Dreams - HQ 2
(2009).wmv
• 3. NOVA - What Are Dreams - HQ 3
(2009)2.wmv
• 4. NOVA - What Are Dreams - HQ 4
(2009).wmv
• 5.NOVA - What Are Dreams - HQ 5 (2009).wmv