Label a heart diagram with the 4 chambers, 4 valves, and 4 major blood vessels.
Draw the direction of blood flow through the heart.
Label the nodes and Purkinje fibers on a heart diagram
Label the wave parts on an ECG.
Evaluate an ECG for arrhythmias and identify the cause
Explain how blood pressure is produced
Cardiovascular System Part 2:
Heart Anatomy, Circulation, & ECG
Goals:
15.1








Cardiovascular
system
Heart
Pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary veins
Systemic circuit
Aorta
Vena Cava
15.2






Pericardium
Myocardium
Atria (singular: atrium)
Ventricles
Valves

Semilunar Valves

Aortic

Pulmonar
y

Atrioventricular
Valves

Tricuspid

Bicuspid
Coronary artery
15.3



Cardiac cycle

Systole

Diastole

Lubb

Dupp
Pacemaker cells

Sinoatrial (SA)
node

Atrioventricula
r (AV) node
Purkinje fibers
15.3 (continued)

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Depolarization

Repolarization

P-wave

QRS Complex

T-wave
15.1 Clinical Application

Arrhythmia

Bradycardia

Tachycardia

Fibrillation
Heart Anatomy
Heart Anatomy
Myocardium=
cardiac
muscle tissue
Pericardium=
tough fibrous
sac around
the heart
Heart Anatomy
Heart

4 chambers
 2 atria

Blood storage
 2 ventricles



1 low-pressure pump
 Goes to pulmonary circuit
1 high-pressure pump
 Goes to systemic circuit
Left side separate from right side
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Heart
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
Heart Anatomy
Heart Anatomy
Heart Anatomy
Coronary Arteries:

Supply blood to the
tissues of the heart
Circulation
Blood circulates in 2 loops

Pulmonary circuit
 To/from lungs

Systemic circuit
 To/from other tissues
Each side of the heart controls flow to
either circuit
Circulation
*know the order & draw it
Pulmonary Circuit:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
R. atrium
R. ventricle
Pulmonary arteries
Lung capillaries
Pulmonary veins
Systemic Circuit:
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
L. atrium
L. ventricle
Aorta
Systemic arteries
Organ & tissue capillaries
Systemic veins
Vena cavas
Bonus Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE&feature=autoplay&list=PL77
4B76CBD01699A3&lf=rellist&playnext=2 (3.5min)
Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac Cycle = 1
heartbeat; 1 contraction
& 1 relaxation

Systole=
 Ventricle contraction

Diastole=
 Ventricle relaxation
Changes in blood
pressure opens/closes
valves
“Lubb-Dupp” sound
produced by the closing
of AV and semilunar
valves respectively.
Cardiac Cycle
Please note that due to differing
operating systems, some animations
will not appear until the presentation is
viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide
Show view). You may see blank slides
in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views.
All animations will appear after viewing
in Presentation Mode and playing each
animation. Most animations will require
the latest version of the Flash Player,
which is available at
http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
12
Conduction System
Pacemaker cells=


Spontaneously
produce action
potentials
Intercalated discs
spread depolarization
Conduction System
Pacemakers:

Sinoatrial (SA) node:
 initiates atrial
contraction
 Sends signal from
location in the R. atrium
through the left atrium

Atrioventricular (AV)
node:
 Located in the center
 The AV node sends the
signal down the purkinje
fibers
 Ventricles contract
Animation: Conducting System
of the Heart
Please note that due to differing
operating systems, some animations
will not appear until the presentation is
viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide
Show view). You may see blank slides
in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views.
All animations will appear after viewing
in Presentation Mode and playing each
animation. Most animations will require
the latest version of the Flash Player,
which is available at
http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
15
Conduction System
ECG
(aka EKG)
Electrocardiogram

Evaluates electrical
events in the heart
ECG
(aka EKG)
P-wave= atrial
depolarization
QRS-complex=
ventricular
depolarization
(w/atrial repolarization)
T-wave=
ventricular
repolarization
ECG
ECG
(aka EKG)
Arrhythmia=




Irregular heart
rhythms
Pacemakers irregular
Detectable by EKGs
Ex)
 Bradychardia – fewer
beats/min than
average
 Tachychardia –
many more
beats/min than
average
 Ventricular fibrillation
– haphazard
contractions
ECG
(aka EKG)
More arrythmias: http://www.rnceus.com/course_frame.asp?exam_id=16&directory=ekg
Atrial Fibrillation:
http://www.usccardiology.org/patienteducation-electrophysiology-atrialfib.html
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure=
pressure exerted by
the blood against
the vessel walls
Normal = 120/80


120: systolic
pressure; highest
pressure
80: diastolic
pressure; lowest
pressure
Blood Pressure