Introduction to
An ASHRAE Professional Development Course
Cutting Utility Costs
through
Strategic Energy Management
Draft
01/21/06
1
Introduction to
An ASHRAE Professional Development Course
Strategic Energy Management:
Cost Savings,
Environmental Stewardship,
and More!
Draft
01/21/06
2
Introduction to
An ASHRAE Professional Development Course
Cost Savings and
Environmental Stewardship
through
Strategic Energy Management
Draft
01/21/06
3
Introduction to
An ASHRAE Professional Development Course
Strategic Energy Management:
Cost Savings and
Environmental Stewardship
Draft
01/21/06
4
Energy Management
An On-line course, presented in 2-hour segments:
BENEFITS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT / GETTING STARTED
ENERGY MANAGEMENT FLOW CHART
ENERGY MANAGER JOB DESCRIPTION
OVERCOMING BARRIERS
ESTABLISH COMMUNICATIONS
UNDERSTANDING AND ORGANIZING UTILITY BILLS
DEVELOPING AND ANALYZING PROFILES
BENCHMARKING AND SETTING TARGETS
PURCHASING ENERGY
OFF-PEAK OPTIONS
ENERGY AUDITS
IMPLEMENTING ECM’S
CONTINUOUS MONITORING – REPORT SUCCESS
5
Today’s Agenda
Impact of Energy Management
What is Energy Management?
Simple Resources for Getting Started
Resources at work
Examples of success
6
Energy Sources
Energy Consumption
2004
2004
Coal
22.6%
Nuclear
Power
8.3%
Transportation
28.1%
Buildings
38.5%
Natural Gas
23.2%
Renewable
Energy
5.8%
Industrial
33.4%
Petroleum
Products
40.2%
7
Energy Management
Energy
Energy Consumption
Consumption
(2004)
(2004)
Transportation
28.1%
Transportation
28.1%
Industrial
Industrial
33.4%33.4%
Buildings
25.8%
Buildings
38.5%
Savings
12.7%
• Buildings consume
38.5% of US energy
• A 33% reduction will
save 13% of US energy
• 4 times the
environmental impact of
renewable energy!
8
Energy Management
Systematic approach to energy conservation
Assess needs
Prioritize resources
Take action
Potential Cost Effective Savings: 10% - 30%
A MANAGEMENT PROCESS!!
9
Energy Management 101
10
Energy Management 101
20 Story Office Building




200,000 S.F.
5 years old, no energy conservation
Complex, energy intensive HVAC systems
No building automation system
Actions by Facility Manager
 Read meters daily
 Obtain previous day’s weather data
 Harass/Compliment Building Engineer daily
Result after 1 year:

Energy Use Reduced One-Third!
11
Bottom-Line Energy Management
Regular Monitoring
Benchmarking
Accountability
12
Energy Star Guidelines for Energy Management
http://www.energystar.gov
Guidelines for Energy
Management
13
ASHRAE Energy Management
14
Establish a Utility Database
15
A Useful Utility Database
Facility name, address
Climate Zone
Function(s)
Gross area
Metered use by specific dates
Energy Cost
Calculate Indices
ECI
EUI
16
Indices
ECI: Energy Cost Index = $/SF/yr
EUI: Energy Utilization Index = kBTU/SF/yr
+
(Annual kWH X 3.413) =_____kBTU
(Annual Therms X 100) =_____kBTU
Total Annual Energy =_____kBTU
EUI = Total Annual Energy ÷ SF = kBTU/SF/yr
Example: Lowell Hall @ UW, 1996
(1,209,319 kWH X 3.413) = 4,127,000 kBTU
+
(83,642 Therms X 100) = 8,364,200 kBTU
Total Annual Energy = 12,491,200 kBTU
EUI = 12,491,200 kBTU ÷ 117,600 S.F. = 106.2 kBTU/SF/yr
17
18
Zone 4
Site
601-Tysons Corner
510-Mission Viejo
503-Fashion Valley
412-Roseville
851-Lenox
855-Alpharetta
511-South Coast II
402-Corte Madera
404 a - Santana Row
507-University Town Centre
406-Walnut Creek
505-Pasadena
506-Topanga Plaza
860-Crabtree Valley
411-Union Square Furniture
502-Century City(Closed)
407-Hillsdale
403-Palo Alto
SF
Zone
39,463 4
12,895 4
14,510 4
34,372 4
36,919 4
29,282 4
36,417 4
11,632 4
38,017 4
12,678 4
37,552 4
38,566 4
14,262 4
13,305 4
43,167 4
14,200 4
15,238 4
38,920 4
Type
Homestore
Housewares
Housewares
Homestore
Homestore
Homestore
Homestore
Housewares
Homestore
Housewares
Homestore
Homestore
Housewares
Housewares
Homestore
Housewares
Housewares
Homestore
ECI
$3.01
$6.10
$6.66
$4.13
$3.21
$2.52
$6.02
$6.29
$5.96
$5.33
$6.16
$4.26
$3.11
$1.86
$4.91
$2.10
$3.24
$0.86
EUI
Current $
193
$118,823
177
$78,685
177
$96,579
176
$142,059
175
$118,325
156
$73,674
154
$219,158
142
$73,119
140
$226,467
137
$67,561
129
$231,358
128
$164,175
121
$44,383
115
$24,761
114
$211,820
79
$29,763
71
$49,341
40
$33,588
19
Zone 4
Site
601-Tysons Corner
510-Mission Viejo
503-Fashion Valley
412-Roseville
851-Lenox
855-Alpharetta
511-South Coast II
402-Corte Madera
404 a - Santana Row
507-University Town Centre
406-Walnut Creek
505-Pasadena
506-Topanga Plaza
860-Crabtree Valley
411-Union Square Furniture
502-Century City(Closed)
407-Hillsdale
403-Palo Alto
SF
Zone
Type
39,463 4
Homestore
12,895 4
Housewares
14,510 4
Housewares
34,372 4
Homestore
36,919 4
Homestore
29,282 4
Homestore
36,417 4
Homestore
11,632 4
Housewares
38,017 4
Homestore
12,678 4
Housewares
37,552 4
Homestore
38,566 4
Homestore
14,262 4
Housewares
13,305 4
Housewares
43,167 4
Homestore
14,200 4
Housewares
15,238 4
Housewares
38,920 4
Homestore
ECI
EUI
Current $
$3.01 193
$118,823
$6.10 177
$78,685
$6.66 177
$96,579
$4.13 176
$142,059
$3.21 175
$118,325
$2.52 156
$73,674 EMS
$6.02 154
$219,158
$6.29 142
$73,119
$5.96 140
$226,467 EMS
$5.33 137
$67,561
$6.16 129
$231,358
$4.26 128
$164,175
$3.11 121
$44,383
$1.86 115
$24,761
$4.91 114
$211,820
$2.10
79
$29,763
$3.24
71
$49,341
$0.86
40
$33,588
20
Zone 4
Site
601-Tysons Corner
510-Mission Viejo
503-Fashion Valley
412-Roseville
851-Lenox
855-Alpharetta
511-South Coast II
402-Corte Madera
404 a - Santana Row
507-University Town Centre
406-Walnut Creek
505-Pasadena
506-Topanga Plaza
860-Crabtree Valley
411-Union Square Furniture
502-Century City(Closed)
407-Hillsdale
403-Palo Alto
SF
Zone
Type
39,463 4
Homestore
12,895 4
Housewares
14,510 4
Housewares
34,372 4
Homestore
36,919 4
Homestore
29,282 4
Homestore
36,417 4
Homestore
11,632 4
Housewares
38,017 4
Homestore
12,678 4
Housewares
37,552 4
Homestore
38,566 4
Homestore
14,262 4
Housewares
13,305 4
Housewares
43,167 4
Homestore
14,200 4
Housewares
15,238 4
Housewares
38,920 4
Homestore
ECI
EUI
Current $
$3.01 193
$118,823
$6.10 177
$78,685
$6.66 177
$96,579
$4.13 176
$142,059
$3.21 175
$118,325
$2.52 156
$73,674 EMS
$6.02 154
$219,158
$6.29 142
$73,119
$5.96 140
$226,467 EMS
$5.33 137
$67,561
$6.16 129
$231,358
$4.26 128
$164,175
$3.11 121
$44,383
$1.86 115
$24,761 Target
$4.91 114
$211,820
$2.10
79
$29,763
$3.24
71
$49,341
$0.86
40
$33,588
21
Zone 4
Preliminary Savings Analysis
Site
601-Tysons Corner
510-Mission Viejo
503-Fashion Valley
412-Roseville
851-Lenox
855-Alpharetta
511-South Coast II
402-Corte Madera
404 a - Santana Row
507-University Town Centre
406-Walnut Creek
505-Pasadena
506-Topanga Plaza
860-Crabtree Valley
411-Union Square Furniture
502-Century City(Closed)
407-Hillsdale
403-Palo Alto
SF
Zone
Type
39,463 4
Homestore
12,895 4
Housewares
14,510 4
Housewares
34,372 4
Homestore
36,919 4
Homestore
29,282 4
Homestore
36,417 4
Homestore
11,632 4
Housewares
38,017 4
Homestore
12,678 4
Housewares
37,552 4
Homestore
38,566 4
Homestore
14,262 4
Housewares
13,305 4
Housewares
43,167 4
Homestore
14,200 4
Housewares
15,238 4
Housewares
38,920 4
Homestore
ECI
$3.01
$6.10
$6.66
$4.13
$3.21
$2.52
$6.02
$6.29
$5.96
$5.33
$6.16
$4.26
$3.11
$1.86
$4.91
$2.10
$3.24
$0.86
EUI Current $
New $
Savings
193
$118,823 $70,678 $48,146
177
$78,685 $51,093 $27,592
177
$96,579 $62,924 $33,655
176
$142,059 $92,740 $49,320
175
$118,325 $77,619 $40,707
156
$73,674 $54,176 $19,498 EMS
154
$219,158 $164,146 $55,012
142
$73,119 $59,252 $13,867
140
$226,467 $185,686 $40,781 EMS
137
$67,561 $56,700 $10,861
129
$231,358
$339,438
128
$164,175
121
$44,383
115
$24,761 Target
114
$211,820
79
$29,763
71
$49,341
40
$33,588
$2,003,639
22
ASHRAE Energy Management
23
Utility Profiles
Annual Profile of Monthly Data
Daily Profile of 15 minute Data
24
Annual Profile of Monthly Data
Madison Church
Gas
5000
4500
4000
3500
Therms
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
31-Dec
30-Jan
1-Mar
31-Mar
30-Apr
30-May
29-Jun
29-Jul
Months
2001
2002
28-Aug
27-Sep
27-Oct
26-Nov 26-Dec
25
Annual Profile of Monthly Data
Madison Church
Electric
14,000
13,000
12,000
kWH
11,000
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
31-Dec 30-Jan
1-Mar
31-Mar 30-Apr 30-May 29-Jun
29-Jul
28-Aug 27-Sep 27-Oct
26-Nov 26-Dec
Months
2001
2002
Normal
26
Madison Bank
27
Annual Profile of Monthly Data
Madison Bank
28
Honolulu Office Building
29
Daily Profile of 15 Minute Data
Honolulu Office Building
30
ASHRAE Energy Management
31
Benchmarking
Energy Intensity of Office Buildings
 Normalized EUI varies widely
Number of Buildings
 Age and equipment not
significant drivers of EUI
100
75
50
25
1
29.9
86.0
121.1
165.7
339.4
EPA Rating &
Energy Intensity
Best Performers
(kBtu/ft2-year)
32
Worst Performers
Local Database
Honolulu Office Buildings
120.0
110.0
Energy Use Index (kBtu/SF)
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
Size (Square Feet)
33
34
EnergyStar Target Finder http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=target_finder
Target Page in Portfolio Manager
http://www.energystar.gov/benchmark
35
ASHRAE Energy Management
36
Two Types of Action
Discretionary Facility Operation
Energy Audits and Capital Improvements
37
ASHRAE Energy Management
38
Discretionary Facility Operation
39
Discretionary Facility Operation
20 Story Office Building




200,000 S.F.
5 years old, no energy conservation
Complex, energy intensive HVAC systems
No building automation system
Actions by Facility Manager
 Read meters daily
 Obtain previous day’s weather data
 Harass/Compliment Building Engineer daily
Result after 1 year:

Energy Use Reduced One-Third!
40
Discretionary Opportunities
Match running time to activities
Lower hot water and hot air temperatures
Raise chilled water and cold air temperatures
Lower fan pressure in ducts
Lower pump pressure in piping
Experiment with all setpoints
41
Disincentives for the building engineer
Risk of occupant discomfort
Risk of equipment failure
Experimentation can be terrifying
42
Incentives for the building engineer
Regular monitoring by the manager
Managerial encouragement to experiment
Occasional, brief discomfort is OK
Teamwork
43
ASHRAE Energy Management
44
Conduct Energy Audits
45
46
“Typical” Office Building End Use
Total Building Electrical Consumption
Miscellaneous
10.0%
Fans
26.0%
Fans
Miscellaneous
Lights
Chillers
Tower Fan
Condenser Water Pump
Chiled Water Pump
Chilled Water Pump
4.8%
Condenser Water Pump
3.8%
Tower Fan
1.2%
Chillers
10.2%
Lights
44.0%
47
Honolulu Office Building Actual End Use
48
ASHRAE Energy Management
49
Examples of Success
50
Downtown Chicago
Energy Star Building
51
Honolulu Office Building
Before
Typical Monday
52
Honolulu Office Building
After
53
Annual Profile of Monthly Data
Madison Bank
54
Madison Insurance Company
55
Madison Insurance Company
Madison Insurance Com pany
Electricity Use (kWh) Com parison
2,100,000
TOTAL
kWh
2,000,000
1998
20,786,867
1998
1999
19,071,735
2000
2000
18,374,900
2001
18,190,269
2002
18,425,789
2003
17,763,746
2004
16,716,580
Seven Year
Reduction
4,070,287
1,900,000
1,800,000
2002
1,700,000
kWh
2004
1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
1,300,000
20% Reduction
1,200,000
n
Ja
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ar
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ay
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Ju
g
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p
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v
No
c
De
Months
4.1 Million kWh per year
provides electricity for 586 new homes!
56
Madison Insurance Company
Madison Insurance Com pany
Dem and (kW) Com parison
Peak
kW
4500
4300
1998
4,250
1999
4,184
2000
4,054
2001
3,956
2002
3,833
2003
3,597
2004
3,394
Seven Year
Reduction
856
4100
1998
kW
3900
1999
3700
2000
3500
2001
3300
2002
2003
3100
2004
2900
2700
2500
n
Ja
b
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ar
M
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Ap
ay
M
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Ju
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Ju
Months
g
Au
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O
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v
No
c
De
57
Mercury Marine Energizes for Payback
Jerry Eaton, Energy Manager
Accountability (begins at home)
FDL Campus (8 plants) Energy Council
Individual Plant Energy Wardens
Cost Effective Projects
Corporate Wide Standard Lighting
Reduce Energy
Improve Visual Acuity
Reduce Maintenance
Reduce Overall Inventory
Corporate Wide Compressed Air
$1.8 Million Investment
$875,000 Annual Savings
58
Mercury Marine cont…
Reinvest savings in additional projects
Daily monitoring of facilities and equipment
Developed Custom Monitoring Protocol
Continues To Adjust Compressed Air by looking for
ways to reduce air usage
– improved nozzles
– air blowers vs. compressed air
– actively pursue and fix leaks
– Reduced 2 PSI last week in three plants
59
Mercury Marine cont…
Results
5 years: 22 MW reduced to 19.8 MW
Even though Mercury continues to increase market
share they’re still able to reduce energy costs 3%
each year
Energy Management Improves
Corporate Bottom Line!
60
ASHRAE Energy Management
61
Energy Star Guidelines for Energy Management
http://www.energystar.gov
Guidelines for Energy
Management
62
Energy Management can be considered the
largest readily available “source” of energy
Energy Consumption
(2004)
Energy Sources
(2004)
Coal
22.6%
Nuclear
Power
8.3%
Transportation
28.1%
Buildings
25.8%
Natural Gas
23.2%
Renewable
Energy
5.8%
Industrial
33.4%
Savings
12.7%
Petroleum
Products
40.2%
Energy Management provides the biggest and
fastest way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 63
References
Energy Management:
1999 ASHRAE Handbook Chapter 34
http://www.energystar.gov
Guidelines for Energy Management
Computerized Building Energy Simulation
Waltz, James P. Fairmont Press, Lilburn, GA, 2000.
Benchmarking:
http://www.energystar.gov
Target Finder (/index.cfm?c=target_finder.bus_target_finder)
Portfolio Manager (/benchmark)
Energy Audits:
Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits
ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA, 2004.
64