Review
1. The time of Neoclassical Period.
2. What is the Glorious Revolution,
Great plague and Great London Fire?
3. Who are the influential writers
during the period? Tell about their
writing features briefly.
Chapter 5 the 19th
century Romantic period
1.The historical and cultural background
2. The influence of Romanticism
3. Romantic view about literature
4. Literary features of the period
5. Characteristic traits 特征 of
this movement
6. Influential writers
7. The comparison of features of the 18th century
enlightenment with those of 19th romanticism
8. Some terms and exercises
Time of the period
 English Romanticism, as a historical phase
阶段 of literature, is generally said to have
begun in 1798 with the publication of
Wordsworth & Coleridge‘s Lyrical Ballads &
to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter
Scott’s death & the passage of the first
Reform Bill 改革法案 in the Parliament.
Historical and cultural background

During this period, England had experienced
profound economic & social change. The biggest
social change in English history was the transfer of
large masses of the population from the countryside to
the towns. As a result of the Enclosures & the
agricultural mechanization机械化, the peasants were
driven off their land; some emigrated to the colonies;
some sank to the level of farm laborers & many others
drifted to the industrial towns where there was a
growing demand for labor. But the new industrial
towns were no better than jungles, where the law was
"the survival of the fittest." The cruel economic
exploitation caused large-scale workers' disturbances
in England.

Romanticism constitutes 建立 a change of
direction from attention to the outer world of
social civilization to the inner world of the human
spirit. In essence 本质上it designates 指明 a
literary & philosophical theory which tends to see
the individual as the very center of all life & all
experience.
 It also places the individual at the center of art,
making literature most valuable as an expression
of his or her unique feelings & particular
attitudes & valuing its accuracy in portraying the
individual's experiences.

The Romantic views about
literature
a. The Romantic period is an age of
poetry. Blake, Wordsworth,
Coleridge, Byron, Shelley & Keats
are the major Romantic poets. They
started a rebellion against the
neoclassical literature, which was
later regarded as the poetic
revolution.
 b. The Romantic period is also a great age
of prose. The two major novelists of the
Romantic period are Jane Austen & Walter
Scott.
c. Besides poetry & prose, there are quite
a number of writers who have fried their
hand at poetic dramas in this period .
The term Romanticism
 It is applied to a European movement
for a change of attitude or intellectual
orientation in the late eighteenth to
mid-nineteenth century. It can be seen
as a reaction against the prescriptivism
规范主义of the prevailing盛行的
Classical and Neo-classical status and
against the rationalism and physical
materialism of the Enlightenment.
 This change of attitude is to be found in
a wide spectrum领域 of the arts,
including painting, music, architecture
and literature. Romanticism was a
phenomenon which emphasized the
individual and the subjective experience,
the irrational and imaginative,
spontaneity and emotion, the visionary,
the transcendental超验主义的.
Characteristic traits of
this movement
1. An increased appreciation of the beauty and
power of nature;
2. A celebration of emotion and the senses rather
than of reason and intellect;
3. Individual introspection反省 and selfexamination as opposed to a search for
universal truths;
4. An interest in the solitary individual or the
tormented hero and his creative spirit and inner
life;
5. An emphasis upon imagination as a means to
attain transcendent experience and spiritual
truth;
6. An interest in ethnic origins, the medieval
period, mystery and monsters and the exotic;
Some influential writers
 Pre-romanticists前浪漫主义诗人: William
Blake and Robert Burns
 Lake Poets自然诗人或湖畔派诗人: William
Wordsworth, Coleridge and Robert SOuthey
 Satanic Poets积极浪漫主义诗人: Byron,
Shelley and Keats
Pre-romanticism poets
 William Blake and Robert Burns
William Blake (1757-1827)
1. Biography:
English poet, artist, & philosopher, born in
London, England, Nov 28, 1757, and died in
London, Aug 12, 1827.
Blake had been both a poet and an engraver.
And he also printed a few books of his own. He
lived a life of seclusion and poverty. He was often
misunderstood by other people, who would
regard him as gifted but mad.
2. Points of View
1. Blake never tried to fit into the world; he was
a rebel innocently and completely all his life.
2. He cherished great expectations and
enthusiasm for the French Revolution, and
regarded it as a necessary stage leading to the
millennium （[宗教] 千喜年，太平盛世）
predicted by the biblical prophets.
3. Literarily Blake was the first important
Romantic poet, showing a contempt 轻视for the
rule of reason, opposing the classical tradition of
the 18th century, and treasuring the individual's
imagination.
3. Major Works
Poetical Sketches (1783)
The Songs of Innocence (1809)
His Songs of Experience (1794)
Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790)
4. William Blake’s Style
Blake writes his poems in plain and direct
language. His poems often carry the lyric
beauty with immense compression of
meaning. He distrusts the abstractness and
tends to embody his views with visual images.
Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive
feature of his poetry.
Poem appreciation
 Read the following poem, try to get its
theme, form, structure and rhyme scheme.
The Tyger
Tyger! Tyger! burning bright
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Could frame thy fearful symmetry（匀称）?
In what distant deeps or skies
Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire（上升，飞翔）?
What the hand dare seize the fire?
And what shoulder, & what art,
Could twist the sinews of thy heart?（你的心
肌）
And when thy heart began to beat,
What dread（可怕的） hand? & what dread
feet?
What the hammer? what the chain?
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? what dread grasp
Dare its deadly terrors clasp?
When the stars threw down their spears,
（星星的光芒）
And water‘d （浸湿） heaven with their tears,
Did he smile his work to see?
Did he who made the Lamb make thee?
Tyger! Tyger! burning bright
In the forests of the night,
What immortal hand or eye
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?
The Tiger
Form: in ballad form(a 4-lined stanza) with 4
stresses, mostly 7 syllables; in trochee扬抑
格, rhyming in couplet—very different from
usual, elegant iambic pentameter. The
trochaic meter is a powerful rhythm. This
meter makes the poem sounds stronger.
The structure of the poems
1st stanza: ask who could create the tiger.
2nd stanza- 4th stanza : how those importance
organs, such as the eyes, the heart, the brain
were created.
5th stanza: imagine what the creator feel
after the creation.
6th stanza: ask who dare create the tiger.
Theme: The poem seems to admire God, the
Creator as a blacksmith who has the
mystic power of creation.He created a
meek lamb, a symbol of the innocence
of the natural world, and also a symbol
of the Son, but at the same time he also
created the tiger, a symbol of the beauty
and the horror of the natural world.
But the poem also contains a very complicated
emotion here Blake identified God's creative
process with the work of an artist. And it is art
that brings creation to its fulfillment -- by
showing the world as it is, by sharpening
perception, by giving form to ideas. Blake
himself as an artist might here praise the
creative power of an artist.
Robert
1796)
Burns
(1759---
Robert Burns, the
greatest of the 18th
century Scots poets, was
born into a tenant farmer's
family
in
Scotland.
Ayreshire,
His mother acquainted him with Scottish folk
songs, legends, and proverbs. Burns did a
great deal of reading in English literature and
the Bible, and was familiar with the major
English writers like Shakespeare, Milton,
Dryden, and Pope.
2. Major Works:
His first volume of poetry, Poems Chiefly in the
Scottish Dialect 苏格兰方言诗集
Beginning in 1792 Burns wrote about 100 songs
and some humorous verses for Select Collection of
Original Scottish Airs, compiled by George
Thomson. Among his songs in the two collections
are such favorites as “Auld Lang Syne“(long ago昔
日时光), ”Comin ‘Thro’ the Rye”, （走过麦田）.
“Scots, Wha Hae“（苏格兰人）, ”A Red, Red
Rose”, “The Banks o‘ Doon”, and “John
Anderson, My Jo“（约翰.安德生，我的爱人）
 The importance of Burns' poetry should
firstly be evaluated in the Scottish cultural
context. Burns owed much to the Scottish
oral tradition of folklore and folk song in
literary forms, subjects, and poetic diction;
he was also much indebted to the highly
developed Scottish literary tradition.
 As a peasant poet, his personal
experience of the harsh country life and
his close contact with the simple country
folk greatly enriched his understanding
of the people, while those joys and
sorrows, hopes and dreams that he
shared with them deepened his
sympathy for the poor. Most of his
poems deal with Scotch drink, religion,
and manners, suggesting a world often
harsh, sordid肮脏的, limited but attractive.
The theme of Burns’ poems
 His poems can be divided into several
groups.
 The first important group is about love and
friendship. Burns himself had several love
affairs during his life and wrote a number of
wonderful love poems. His love songs are
not of tragic parting but of mutual contented
love, sometimes exquisitely敏锐地 blended
with humor.
 Another major group is about the rural life of
the Scottish peasants. Burns is very
sociable and enjoys great companies.
 The third group shows the poet's attitude
toward political liberty and social equality,
especially those written under the influence
of the French Revolution.
Burns’ Evaluation
Burns' reputation lies chiefly in his songs, for
he has touched with his own genius a
variety of subjects, such as love, friendship,
work, patriotism and bawdy（下贱）, and
put into them the traditional elements of folk
songs in Scotland--simplicity, pathos and
humor. Thus, Burns has not only transmuted
（使变化） them into great poetry, but also
immortalized
in
them
the
Scottish
countryside and humble farm life.
He is a keen and discerning（有眼力，有洞
察 力 的 ） satirist who has reserved his
sharpest barbs for sham（骗子）, hypocrisy
and cruelty. His satirical verse, once little
appreciated, has in resent decades been
recognized widely as his finest work. He is
also a master of the language and versenarrative technique, as exemplified in “Tam
O’Shanter”.
Poem analysis
 Read the following poem, try to get its
theme, structure.
A Red, Red Rose
O my love is like a red, red rose
That's newly sprung in June;
O my love is like the melody
That's sweetly played in tune.
The beauty of my love can be
compared with a red rose, and the
sweet voice and shape of my love
are like piece of soft music.
As fair art thou, my bonie lass,
So deep in luve am I;
And I will luve thee still, my dear,
Till a' the seas gang dry.
My graceful girl, you are very beautiful
and I love you very much; my dear, I
will love you firmly until all the seas go
dry. The speaker expresses his fiery
passion for his love and swears to love
her forever.
Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,
And the rocks melt wi' the sun;
O I will luve thee still, my dear
While the sands o' life shall run.
My dear, I will love you till all the
seas go dry and the rocks melt
with the sun. I will love you firmly
so long there is a life keeping time
or I will love you until the end of
my life.
And fare-thee-weel, my only Luve!
And fare-thee-weel awhile!
And I will come again, my luve,
Tho' 'twere ten thousand miles.
Farewell to you, my only dear
farewell to you only for a short
I will come back back again
though it were ten thousand
away, my dear!
love,
time!
even
mile
A Red, Red Rose
O, My love is like a red, red rose which has
newly sprung in June; O, my love is like the
melody(music) which has sweetly played
harmoniously.
My love is deep as you are beautiful, my
pretty girl. I will love you until the sea dry,
my dear.
Until the sea dry and the rock melt with the
sun. O, I love you till the end of my life, my
dear.
Farewell to you, my only dear love,
farewell to you only for a short time! I will
come back back again even though it were
ten thousand mile away, my dear!
A summary:
Theme: to express strong affection to his love,
swearing that he will love her for ever.
Structure:
1. Stanza 1: compare his sweet heart as a red
rose and sweet music.
2. Stanza 2-3 : swear that he will love her for
ever, and assure that he will never change
his heart.
3. Stanza 4: assure his lover that he will leave
Lake Poets
Wordsworth,Coleridge and Southey
the lake poets
 Wordsworth, Coleridge and Robert Southey were
called lake poets, Wordsworth was called natural
poets.
 Wordsworth aimed at simplicity and purity of the
language, fighting against the conventional forms of
the 18th century poetry. In 1843, he was conferred the
title of Poet Laureate(桂冠诗人).
 Coleridge’s masterpiece was “the Rime of the Ancient
Mariner” and “Kubla knan” Except the poems, he
wrote Biographia literaria 《文学传记》(1817).
Main works
 1) Lyrics
Lyrical Ballads
 "Tintern Abbey"
2) The Prelude
Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the
past. To him, life is a cyclical journey. Its
beginning finally turns out to be its end. His
philosophy of life is presented in his
masterpiece The Prelude.
Wordsworth’s Point of View
 Deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the
truth of experience produced a kind of pure and
profound poetry which no other poet has ever
equaled.
 His unconventional theory of poetry: the source of
poetic truth is the direct experience of the senses.
Poetry originates from “emotion recollected in
tranquility”.
.
 As the leading figure of the period, his voice is
of comprehensive humanity, and inspires his
audience to see the world freshly,
sympathetically and naturally.
 He started the modern poetry—the poetry of
the growing inner self and changed the course
of English poetry by using ordinary speech of
the language and by advocating a return to
nature.
Coleridge and his main works
 (1)"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
 (2) “Kubla Khan”
 (3) “Christabel”
 (4) Biographia Literaria.
Coleridge’s point of View
 Philosophically and critically, Coleridge opposed the
limitedly rationalistic trends of the 18th-century
thought.
 Advocating a more spiritual and religious
interpretation of life, he believed that art is the only
permanent revelation of the nature of reality.
 A poet should realize the vague intimations derived
from his unconsciousness without sacrificing the
vitality of the inspiration.
 Politically, Coleridge was first an enthusiastic
supporter of the French Revolution. But in his
later period, he was a fiery foe of the rights of
man, of Jacobinism. He insisted that a
government should be based upon the will of the
propertied classes only, and should impose itself
upon the rest of the community from above.
Wordsworth and Lyrical Ballads
 In June 1795, Coleridge also came into contact
with his neighbors, Dorothy and William
Wordsworth. Coleridge and Wordsworth
planned a volume of poems which were
intended to break with the tradition of poetry
written at the time and to be ‘experimental’. This
volume was published in 1798 as Lyrical
Ballads.
 The ballad is the narrative of a sailor who has
killed an albatross for no apparent reason and
is tormented by the act, which he now
perceives as a crime against the natural
processes of life.
Satanic poets
Byron, Shelley and Keats
Active poets
 Byron and his romantic poems
 Shelly and his romantic poems
 Keats and his romantic poems

Lord Byron and his creation
 George Gordon, Lord Byron, was born in 1788.
 The romance of his life was crowned by a romantic
and generous death. In 1824 he went to Greece, to
put himself at the head of the revolutionary forces
gathered to liberate that country from the tyranny of
the Sultan. He was seized with fever in the swamps
of Missolonghi, and died before he had had time to
prove his ability as a leader.

 Byron’s creation:
 Hours of Idleness (懒散的时光)
 English Bards and Scotch Reviewers（英国诗
人和苏格兰评论家1809 ）.
 Childe Harold Pilgrimage (恰尔德.哈罗德游记前
两部1812)
 The Giaour (异教徒1813)
 The Corsair(海盗1814),
 Oriental tales（东方叙事诗）
 Childe Harold Pilgrimage(恰尔德.哈罗德游记三，
四部)
 Manfred(曼弗雷德1817)and Cain(该隐1821)
 Masterpiece. Don Juan （唐璜）.
Shelley and his creation
 Shelley was born in 1792, just when the
eyes of all Europe were fixed in hope and
fear upon France, and the stars fought in
their courses for the triumph of a new order.
In 1822 the poet was drowned off Leghorn,
in one of those swift storms which sweep
the Mediterranean during the summer heats.
His body was burned on the beach, and his
asses were placed in the Protestant
cemetery at Rome, near the grave where, a
few months before, Keats had been laid.
The Necessity of Atheism(无神论的必然性)
Address to the Irish People, （致爱尔兰人
民书）
Queen Mab（麦布女王）
The Revolt of Islam（伊斯兰的反叛）
Prometheus Unbound(解放的普罗米修斯).
the Cenci（钦契，无韵体，悲剧）
the Sensitive Plant and Adonais（阿多尼）;
others shorter, among them the wonderful
Ode to the West Wind, and the best known of
all Shelley’s lyrics, the Skylark.
Keats and his creation
 John Keats was born in 1795 in London. His father
was a stable keeper. Before he was fifteen, both
his parents died and his guardian, a merchant,
took him from school and apprenticed him to a
surgeon. For five years he served his
apprenticeship and for two years more he was
surgeon’s helper in the hospitals.
 He died in 1821, shortly after his arrival in Rome.
His grave in Rome bears the epitaph: “ here lies
one whose name is writ in water.”（此地长眠者，
声名水上书）
 Keats’s first collection of poems was published in
1817 His second book “Endymion”(恩底弥翁)
appeared in 1818.
The feature of the romantic works
1. The general feature of the works of the
romanticists is a dissatisfaction with the
bourgeois society, which finds expression in
a revolt against or an escape from the
prosaic), sordid daily life, the “prison of the
actual” under capitalism.
2. Their writings are filled with strong —willed
heroes, formidable events, tragic situations,
powerful conflicting passions, and exotic
pictures.
3. They resort to symbolic methods.
4. The romanticists paid great attention to the
spiritual and emotional role in their works.
5. Poetry , of course is the best medium to express
all these sentiments. In fact, all the romanticists
mentioned above were poets.
A comparison of features
of the 18th Enlightenment with those
of the 19th Romanticism
 18th Enlightenment:
 1.
Power of reason
 2.
Man is nature’s master
 3.
Constrain, rules, limitation
 4.
Scientific, not religious
 5.
The world is ordered
 6.
What things have in common
 7.
The middle, sensible ground
(city literature, for education, intend of
 19th Romanticism:
 1. Power of emotion
 2. Nature is powerful and independent
 3. Total freedom
 4. Religious – spiritual and mystical
 5. The world is in living chaos
 6. How things are different
 7. The extremes of imagination (not
for education, but means to express
 One term:
 Byronic hero:
 As a leading Romanticist, Byron's chief
contribution is his creation of the "Byronic
hero", a proud, mysterious rebel figure of
noble origin.

With immense superiority in his passions
and powers, this Byronic hero would carry on
his shoulders the burden of righting all the
wrongs in a corrupt society, and would rise
single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical
rules either in government, in religion, or in
moral principles with unconquerable wills and
inexhaustible energies.

The figure is, to some extent, modeled on
the life and personality of Byron himself, and
makes Byron famous both at home and abroad.
Poem analysis
 Read the following poem, try to analyze its
structure, theme, rhythm and rhyme.
 Analyze if you can get the main
characteristics of romantic poets.
The Beauty of Nature
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
 I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
 The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed---and gazed---but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
我孤独地漫游，像一朵云
我孤独地漫游，像一朵云
在山丘和谷地上飘荡，
忽然间我看见一群
金色的水仙花迎春开放，
在树荫下，在湖水边，
迎着微风起舞翩翩。
连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，
在银河里闪闪发光，
它们沿着湖湾的边缘
延伸成无穷无尽的一行；
我一眼看见了一万朵，
在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。
粼粼波光也在跳着舞，
水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；
与这样快活的伴侣为伍，
诗人怎能不满心欢乐！
我久久凝望，却想象不到
这奇景赋予我多少财宝，——
每当我躺在床上不眠，
或心神空茫，或默默沉思，
它们常在心灵中闪现，
那是孤独之中的福祉；
于是我的心便涨满幸福，
和水仙一同翩翩起舞。
 Summary: this is one of the many poems
written by Wordsworth on the beauty of
nature. There is a vivid picture of the
daffodils here, mixed with the poet’s
philosophical and somewhat mystical
thought.
 This poem contains four six-lined stanzas of
iambic tetrameter, with a rime scheme of
ababcc in each stanza.
Structure:
Stanza 1:Walking in the nature, the poet catch
sight of beautiful daffodils , fluttering and
dancing in the breeze.
Stanza 2: There are too many daffodils to be
able to count, so pleasant to eyes.
Stanza 3: the waves and the flowers dance
together, forming a wonderful picture, which
is the wealth nature gives to man.
Stanza 4: nature can have healing effect on
mind, and give strength and high spirits to
man who feel alone and is in low spirits.
The Features of Romantic literature
 1. Poetry, Prose and Novels
“Romantic” literature from literature of previous
generations is an emphasis on the role of
strong individual feeling and deep reflection on
a subject resulting from a unique experience.
we must remember that at this time poetry was
the medium by which worthy subjects were
discussed while prose literature was limited in
its range and the reading of novels often
regarded as frivolous 妄动的.
 2. periodicals
 We shall see, however, that during the period of
the Romantic movement there was an increase
in the publication of literary periodicals such as
Reviews and Magazines.
 The Review was originally a form exclusively for
literary criticism and the Edinburgh Review,
founded in 1802, is a good example of this type
of publication.
 Magazines published critical reviews but were
intended to publish a wider variety of readings
for the general public, ranging from criticism
and fiction to advertisements and recipes.
 Some exercises
Blanks
1. What we now call the neoclassical period is the
one in English literature between the return of
the Stuarts to the English throne in ______ and
the full assertion of romanticism which came
with the publication of Lyrical ballads by
__________ and ______ in 1798. (1660,
Wordsworth, Coleridge )
2. in the 17th century two big political parties were
formed in England, and they were ___and
________. (the Tories and Whigs)
3. the eighteenth century of England is also known
as _______ or ____( the Age of Enlightenment,
The Age of Reason),.
4. in the field of literature, the Enlightenment
movement brought about a revival of interest in the
old classical works. This tendency is known as
_____. According to the neoclassicists, all forms of
literature were to be modeled after the classical
works of the ancient _____ and _______ writers
and those of the contemporary ________ one.
(neoclassicism, Greek, Roman French)
5. in the last few decades of the 18th century,
however, the neoclassical, emphasis upon reason,
intellect, wit and form, was challenged by the
________ arid was in due time, gradually, replaced
by _______ (Sentimentalists, Romanticism).
6. From the middle of the 18th century, a new
literary form—the modern English __ arose. It
was contrary to the traditional romance of
aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life
of the common English life. (novel)
7. from the middle part to the end of the 18th
century, in English literature________ flourished.
They were mostly stories of mystery and horror
which took place in some haunted or Lapidated
middle age castles. (Gothic novels)
8. _________, generally considered the Pope’s
best satiric work, took him over ten years for
final completion. (An Essay on Criticism)
)
.
9. ________ was the only important
English drama of the 18th century. (the
School for Scandal)
10. in Johnathan Swift’s satiric prose,
____ is generally regarded as the best
model of satire. (A Modest Proposal
Blanks
 1. “Declaration of Rights of Man ” was written by
(C ).
 A. Jean-Jacques Rosseau B. Mary Wollstone Craft
 C. Thomas Paine
D. William Godwin
 2. A song “Men of England” was written by (D ) to
arouse English people awake of their economic
exploitation by the capitalist oppressors.
 A. Coleridge B. words worth C. Byron D. Shelley
 3. In the Romantic Period, (B ) defines the poet as a
“man speaking to men” , and poetry as “the
spontaneous overflow of Powerful feelings.”
 A. Coleridge B. Wordsworth C. Blake D. Byron
 4. (D ) is not the three major features of
romanticists’ ideological trend.
 imagination B. Nature C. Beauty D.
Nationalism
 5. (D) was not among the famous figures in the
prose or essay development in the Romantic
Period.
 A. William Hazilitt B. Charles Lamb C.
Thomas De Quincey D. William Cobbet
 6. (D) was not Walter Scott’s novel.
 A. Ivanhoe B. Old Morality C. Rob Roy D.
Life of Napaleon
 7. (A ) was typical gothic novle of the Romantic
Period.
 the Mysteries of Udolpho B. The castle of
Otranto
 Wuthering Heights D. Old Morality
 8. (A ) made criticism on Elizabethan drama,
which renewed interest in Shakespeare and led
to the discovery of his contemporaries.
 Coleridge and Hazlitt
B. Hazlitt and Keats
 C. Wordsworth and Coleridge
Shelley
D. Byron and
 9. (A )’s “Prometheus Unbound” and “The Cenci”
are among the best verse plays during the Romantic
Period.
 A. Shelley B. Byron C. Wordsworth D. Coleridge
 10. (B ) is regarded as a “Worshipper of nature”.
 A. Coleridge B. Wordsworth C. Byron D. Shelley
 11. Wordsworth’s “(D ) ” is the most anthologized
poem in English literature.
 A. To a Skylark B. To the Cuckoo
 C. The Solitary Reaper D. I Wandered Lonely As a
Cloud
 12. Coleridge’s poems of the demonic group doesn’t
include “(B )”.
 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner B. Frost at Midnight
 C. Christabel
D. Kubla Khan
 13. Among Coleridge’s conversational group poems, “(C )” is
the most important.
 A. Dejection: an Ode B. Kubla Khan C. Frost At Midnight D.
Christabel
 14. The “Byronic Hero” first appears in Byron’s works “(A )”.
 A. Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage B. Don Juan C. Oriented Tales
D. Manfred
 15. (B) was not written by Keats
 Ode to a Nightingale B. Ode to the West Wind
 To Autumn D. Ode on a Grecian Urn
 16. In her lifelong career, Jane Austen wrote altogether (C











complete novels.
A. four B. five C. six D. nine
17. The Romantic Age began with publication of “The Lyrical
Ballads” which was written by (D ).
A. William Wordsworth
B. Samuel Johnson
C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge D. Wordsworth and Coleridge
18. The Romantic Age came to an end with the end with the
death of the last well-known romantic writer (B ).
Jane Austen B. Walter Scott C. S.T. Coleridge D. W.
Wordsworth
19. The Publication of “(C )” marked the beginning of
Romantic Age.
Don Juan B. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
C. The Lyrical Ballads D. Queen Mab
20. (C) was not a poet belonging to “the Lake School”.
A. Wordsworth B. Coleridge C. Keats D. Southey
)
 21. (B ) was not a poet belonging to “the Satanic or Radical













School”.
A. Keats B. Coleridge C. Byron D. Shelley
22. The English Romantic Age produced two major novelists.
They are (C ) .
A. Byron and Shelley B. Wordsworth and Coleridge
C. Scott and Austen D. Lamb and Hazlitt
23. Which of the following was not written by Wordsworth only?
B
A. The Solitary Reaper B. The Lyrical Ballads
C. Lucy Poems
D. I Wandered Lonely as A Cloud
24. Which of the following is generally regarded as Byron’s
masterpiece.
(B)
A.Ode to the Nightingale B. Don Juan C. Tom Jones D. The
Pilgrim’s Progress
25. Choose the works not written by Coleridge himself. ( D )
The Rime of Ancient Mariner B. Kubla Khan
C. Biographia Literaria
D. The Lyrical Ballads
1. In
the French Revolution , the famous
“declaration of Rights of man” prompted the
founding of patriotic clubs and societies in
England. Which all claimed _______, ________,
and __________. (Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity)
2. The romantics who were deeply immersed in the
most violent phase of the transition from a
decadent feudal to a ______ economy, saw both
the corruption and injustice of the feudal
societies and the fundamental inhumanity of the
economic, social and political forces of
____.( Capitalist , capitalism )
3. _______ and Nationalism are the three major
features of the romantics’ ideological trend.
(Imagination )
5. According to the subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be
classified into two groups: poems about_____ and poems
about _____.( Nature, human life)
6. The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge and
Wordsworth lived nearby and the three men became known
as the ________ (Lake’s school. )
7. ________ is regarded as a “Worshipper of nature”.
(Wordsworth)
8. Coleridge’s actual achievement as poet can be divided into
two remarkably diverse groups: the ________ and the ___.
(Demonical, conversational )
9. as a leading romanticist, Byron’s chief contribution is his
creation of the “ ”, a proud, mysterious rebel figure of
noble origin. (Byronic hero)
10. the greatest historical novelist ________ was produced in
the Romantic Age. (Walter Scott)
1. The prosperous peasant farmers had long been
considered the solid base of English society, but by
the 19th century they had largely disappeared. T
2. Poetry has been traditionally regarded as an art
governed by rules; but to the romantics, poetry should
be free from all rules. T
3. compared with the brilliant achievement in poetry and
prose, drama in the romantic is less successful. T
4. Wordsworth’s deliberate simplicity and refusal to
decorate the truth has ever equaled T
5. the most important contribution Byron had made is
that he has not only started the modern poetry, the
poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the
course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of
the language and by advocating a return to nature. F
 6. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act
drama, “Prometheus Unbound. (1820)” T
 7. Generally speaking, Jane Austen was a writer
of the 18th century, though she lived mainly in
the nineteenth century. T
 8. Austen’s main literary concern is about human
beings in their personal relationships. T
 9. The glory of the Romantic Age lies in the
prose of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley
and Keats. F
 10. “Ode to a Nightingale ” is Shelley’s best
poem. F