How systems depend on
CARBON and CHEMICAL ENERGY
What happens to a fuel when it burns?
Using Molecular Models
1.
2.
3.
4.
Make models of an ethanol molecule (C2H5OH) and about 5
oxygen molecules (O2, with a double bond)
The heat of the flame breaks the bonds in the molecules, so they
can come apart, so take your molecules back apart.
Now they can recombine into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water
vapor (H2O). Make as many of these molecules as you can?
Figure out numbers of molecules:
a)
b)
5.
How many O2 molecules do you need to combine with one ethanol
molecule?
How many CO2 and H2O molecules are produced by burning one
molecule?
Write the chemical equation for the combustion reaction:
C2H5OH + ? O2  ? CO2 + ? H2O
ZOOMING INTO A
Driving question
What’s the hidden chemical change when
alcohol burns?
Expressive form of Process Tool
When ethanol burns, what happens to it and the things it needs to burn?
Heat energy
Heat energy
(in the air)
(in the air)
Ethanol
Ethanol
water
water
carbon
dioxide
oxygen
Before
burning
Mass of ethanol
will decrease
carbon
dioxide
Ethanol burning
oxygen
After
burning
Predictions for
change in mass
Analyze ethanol burning by filters at macroscopic scale
scales
Large scale
Macroscopic
Cellular
Ethanol burning
Atomic
molecular
Analyzing
Filters
Matter
Material identity and transformation
Energy
Energy forms and transformation
Matter Movement
All filters
Movement of ethanol burning at macroscopic world
scales
Large scale
Macroscopic
Cellular
Atomic
molecular
Analyzing
Filters
Matter
Material identity and transformation
Energy
Energy forms and transformation
Matter Movement
All filters
Back to blank
Energy transformation of ethanol burning at macroscopic world
Large scale
Heat
energy
scales
Light and heat energy
Chemical
energy
Macroscopic
Cellular
Ethanol burning
Atomic
molecular
Analyzing
Filters
Matter
Material identity and transformation
Energy
Energy forms and transformation
Matter Movement
All filters
Back to blank
Matter transformation of ethanol burning at macroscopic world
Large scale
scales
Ethanol
water
(from wick (liquid) to
flame (vapor))
(From flame to air)
Macroscopic
Cellular
oxygen
(From air to flame )
Ethanol burning
carbon
dioxide
(From flame to air )
Atomic
molecular
Analyzing
Filters
Matter
Material identity and transformation
Energy
Energy forms and transformation
Matter Movement
All filters
Back to blank
Transformation of ethanol burning at macroscopic world
Heat
energy
Large scale
(in the air)
Light and heat energy
Chemical energy
scales
Ethanol
water
(from wick (liquid) to
flame (vapor))
(From flame to air)
Macroscopic
Cellular
oxygen
(From air to flame )
Ethanol burning
carbon
dioxide
(From flame to air )
Atomic
molecular
Analyzing
Filters
Matter
Material identity and transformation
Energy
Energy forms and transformation
Matter Movement
All filters
Back to blank
The bottom of flame at atomic-molecular world
Ethanol
mixed with
air
Ethanol
vapor
The top of flame at atomic-molecular world
Air with less O2,
more CO2 and
H2O vapor
Ethanol
mixed with
air
What happened between the bottom and the top of the flame?
Bottle of the flame
Top of the flame
Analyze ethanol burning by filters at atomic molecular scale
Large scale
scales
Macroscopic
Cellular
Atomic
molecular
Analyzing
Filters
Matter
Material identity
Matter transformation
Energy
Energy forms and transformation
All filters
Matter transformation of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world
Large scale
scales
Macroscopic
C2H5OH
H2 O
O2
CO2
Cellular
Atomic
molecular
Analyzing
Filters
Matter
Material identity
Matter transformation
Energy
Energy forms and transformation
All filters
Back to blank
Matter movement of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world
Large scale
scales
Macroscopic
C2H5OH
H2 O
O2
CO2
Cellular
Atomic
molecular
Analyzing
Filters
Matter
Material identity
Matter transformation
Energy
Energy forms and transformation
All filters
Back to blank
Transformation of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world
Large scale
Heat energy
Macroscopic
Chemical energy
(stored in bonds)
(Move to the air )
scales
Light and heat energy
C2H5OH
H2 O
O2
CO2
Cellular
Atomic
molecular
Analyzing
Filters
Matter
Material identity
Matter transformation
Energy
Energy forms and transformation
Next slide
All filters
Back to blank
Energy transformation of ethanol burning at atomic-molecular world
Large scale
Light and heat energy
scales
Macroscopic
Cellular
Chemical energy
(stored in bonds)
Heat energy
(Move to the air )
Atomic
molecular
Analyzing
Filters
Matter
Material identity
Matter transformation
Energy
Energy forms and transformation
All filters
Back to blank
Five Practices for Finding Chemical Change in Life and Lifestyles
Practice
What to Notice
Principle or Rule to Follow
The Materials Practice: Identify the
materials that are changing: Reactants
and products
Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and
living and dead organisms
Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and
water vapor
Conservation of matter: Chemical
changes do not create or destroy matter;
the amount of matter is the same in
reactants and products
The Mass/gases Practice: Find the
masses of reactants and products
All states of matter: solids, liquids, and
gases all have mass
Not energy: heat, light, work, and
chemical energy do not have mass
Conservation of mass: Chemical changes
do not change mass; the mass of the
reactants equals the mass of the
products
The Subsystems Practice: Find out what
is happening in subsystems at the
microscopic scale (cells) and the atomicmolecular scale (atoms and molecules)
Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen
(H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N),
and phosphorous (P)
Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H
bonds
Inorganic molecules, including CO2, H2O,
and O2
Conservation of atoms: Chemical
changes rearrange atoms into new
molecules, but they do not create or
destroy atoms
The Energy Practice: Find out how
energy is transformed in the event
Chemical energy stored in the C-C and CH bonds of organic molecules
Other forms of energy, including light,
work (motion), and heat
Conservation of energy: Chemical
changes transform energy without
changing the total amount of energy,
BUT some energy is always changed into
heat that cannot be reused
The Large Scale Practice: Find out where
the event fits in large-scale systems,
including ecosystems and human energy
systems
Movement of carbon from pools of
organic materials to inorganic materials
and back again
Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical
energy to work and heat
Matter cycles: carbon and other
elements cycle between organic and
inorganic materials
Energy flows: sunlight is converted to
chemical energy, then to work and heat
Does your explanation conserve matter?
Practice
What to Notice
Principle or Rule to Follow
The Materials Practice:
Identify the materials that
are changing: Reactants
and products
Organic materials: Foods,
fuels, and living and dead
organisms
Gases: carbon dioxide,
oxygen, and water vapor
Conservation of matter:
Chemical changes do not
create or destroy matter;
the amount of matter is
the same in reactants and
products
The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of
reactants and products
All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases
all have mass
Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical
energy do not have mass
Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do
not change mass; the mass of the reactants
equals the mass of the products
The Subsystems Practice: Find out what is
happening in subsystems at the microscopic
scale (cells) and the atomic-molecular scale
(atoms and molecules)
Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen
(H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N), and
phosphorous (P)
Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H
bonds
Inorganic molecules, including CO2, H2O, and
O2
Conservation of atoms: Chemical changes
rearrange atoms into new molecules, but
they do not create or destroy atoms
The Energy Practice: Find out how energy is
transformed in the event
Chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H
bonds of organic molecules
Other forms of energy, including light, work
(motion), and heat
Conservation of energy: Chemical changes
transform energy without changing the total
amount of energy, BUT some energy is
always changed into heat that cannot be
reused
The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the
event fits in large-scale systems, including
ecosystems and human energy systems
Movement of carbon from pools of organic
materials to inorganic materials and back
again
Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical
energy to work and heat
Matter cycles: carbon and other elements
cycle between organic and inorganic
materials
Energy flows: sunlight is converted to
chemical energy, then to work and heat
Does your explanation conserve atoms?
Practice
What to Notice
Principle or Rule to Follow
The Materials Practice: Identify the
materials that are changing: Reactants and
products
Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and living
and dead organisms
Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water
vapor
Conservation of matter: Chemical changes
do not create or destroy matter; the amount
of matter is the same in reactants and
products
The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of
reactants and products
All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases
all have mass
Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical
energy do not have mass
Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do
not change mass; the mass of the reactants
equals the mass of the products
The Subsystems Practice:
Find out what is happening
in subsystems at the
microscopic scale (cells)
and the atomic-molecular
scale (atoms and
molecules)
Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen
(O), hydrogen (H), other
atoms such as nitrogen (N),
and phosphorous (P)
Organic molecules that
have C-C or C-H bonds
Inorganic molecules,
including CO2, H2O, and O2
Conservation of atoms:
Chemical changes
rearrange atoms into new
molecules, but they do not
create or destroy atoms
The Energy Practice: Find out how energy is
transformed in the event
Chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H
bonds of organic molecules
Other forms of energy, including light, work
(motion), and heat
Conservation of energy: Chemical changes
transform energy without changing the total
amount of energy, BUT some energy is
always changed into heat that cannot be
reused
The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the
event fits in large-scale systems, including
ecosystems and human energy systems
Movement of carbon from pools of organic
materials to inorganic materials and back
again
Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical
energy to work and heat
Matter cycles: carbon and other elements
cycle between organic and inorganic
materials
Energy flows: sunlight is converted to
chemical energy, then to work and heat
Does your explanation conserve energy?
Practice
What to Notice
Principle or Rule to Follow
The Materials Practice: Identify the
materials that are changing: Reactants and
products
Organic materials: Foods, fuels, and living
and dead organisms
Gases: carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water
vapor
Conservation of matter: Chemical changes
do not create or destroy matter; the amount
of matter is the same in reactants and
products
The Mass/gases Practice: Find the masses of
reactants and products
All states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases
all have mass
Not energy: heat, light, work, and chemical
energy do not have mass
Conservation of mass: Chemical changes do
not change mass; the mass of the reactants
equals the mass of the products
The Subsystems Practice: Find out what is
happening in subsystems at the microscopic
scale (cells) and the atomic-molecular scale
(atoms and molecules)
Atoms: carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen
(H), other atoms such as nitrogen (N), and
phosphorous (P)
Organic molecules that have C-C or C-H
bonds
Inorganic molecules, including CO2, H2O, and
O2
Conservation of atoms: Chemical changes
rearrange atoms into new molecules, but
they do not create or destroy atoms
The Energy Practice: Find out
how energy is transformed in
the event
Chemical energy stored in the
C-C and C-H bonds of organic
molecules
Other forms of energy,
including light, work (motion),
and heat
Conservation of energy:
Chemical changes transform
energy without changing the
total amount of energy, BUT
some energy is always
changed into heat that cannot
be reused
The Large Scale Practice: Find out where the
event fits in large-scale systems, including
ecosystems and human energy systems
Movement of carbon from pools of organic
materials to inorganic materials and back
again
Flow of energy from sunlight to chemical
energy to work and heat
Matter cycles: carbon and other elements
cycle between organic and inorganic
materials
Energy flows: sunlight is converted to
chemical energy, then to work and heat
Burning materials
Methane
Butane
Propane
Ethanol
Octane
The End