Present Tense
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Write the DLT! 1. 2. I can memorize the conjugations of verbs that stemchange eie or oue so I can conjugate stem-changing verbs in Present Tense. I can use the verb empezar a + infinitive to say what I start doing or what others start to do. Fill in the blank with the correct possessive adjective and then translate the completed sentence. Traemos ________ libros a clase todos los días. 2. Tú vas a llegar a ______ casa tarde. 3. Ella necesita _____ mochila. 4. Juanita y Eduardo van al parque con _____ familia. 5. Yo quiero estudiar ______ palabras de vocabulario. 1. Stem-Changing Verbs Present tense is used to describe actions that occur in the Present I run I am running I do run Do I run? Every verb in Spanish has a stem followed by an ending. The stem is everything before the ending and tells the verb’s meaning. The ending in Spanish can tell you who is the subject. The infinitive ending doesn’t name a subject. Cantar to sing Canto I sing Cantamos we sing To conjugate a verb means to change the verbs from the infinitive form to match the subject. To conjugate a verb in Spanish in Present Tense: 1. Drop the ending from the infinitive (the –ar, -er, or –ir) 2. Add the ending that matches the particular subject The following slide will show all the present tense endings… -AR verbs yo tú usted él ella Nosotros (as) Vosotros(as) ustedes Ellos(as) -ER verbs -IR verbs -AR verbs -ER verbs -IR verbs yo -o -o -o tú -as -es -es usted -a -e -e él -a -e -e ella -a -e -e Nosotros (as) -amos -emos -imos Vosotros(as) -áis -éis -ís ustedes -an -en -en Ellos(as) -an -en -en Since the ending of the verb can tell the subject, the subjects for yo, tú, nosotros, & vosotros can be omitted because their verb endings ONLY match their subjects. -AR verbs -ER verbs -IR verbs yo -o -o -o tú -as -es -es Nosotros (as) -amos -emos -imos Vosotros(as) -áis -éis -ís These subjects or their subject pronouns can be added to emphasize or clarify who is being talked about. Ana y yo cantamos. (Ana & I sing) Cantamos. (We sing) The subjects usted, él, and ella share the same ending and the subjects ustedes and ellos share the same endings. -AR verbs -ER verbs -IR verbs usted -a -e -e él -a -e -e ella -a -e -e ustedes -an -en -en ellos -an -en -en As a result, the subject MUST be used to clarify! Cantan (They sing or you sing) Ellos cantan. (They sing) Ana y usted cantan. (Ana and you sing) English Spanish English I work We work You work You work You (ud.) work You (uds.) work He works They work She works Spanish English Spanish English Spanish I work Trabajo We works Trabajamos You work Trabajas You works Trabajáis You (ud.) work Usted trabaja You (uds.) work Ustedes trabajan He works Él trabaja They work Ellos trabajan She works Ella trabaja Some verbs have vowel variations in their stems (the part of the verb before the –ar, -er, or –ir) and are called stem-changing verbs. You have already learned jugar where the u changes to ue, and the verbs querer, tener, and venir where the e changes to ie. Stem-changing verbs still use the regular –ar, er, and –ir endings. The verbs froms for nosotros and vosotros do NOT stem-change. English Spanish English I play We play You play You play You (ud.) play You (uds.) play He plays They play She plays Spanish English Spanish English Spanish I play Juego We play Jugamos You play Juegas You play Jugáis You (ud.) play Usted Juega You (uds.) play Ustedes Juegan He plays Él Juega They play Ellos Juegan She plays Ella Juega English Spanish English I sleep We sleep You sleep You sleep You (ud.) sleep He sleeps She sleeps You (uds.) sleep They sleep Spanish English Spanish English Spanish I sleep Duermo We sleep Dormimos You sleep Duermes You sleep Dormís You (ud.) sleep Usted Duerme You (uds.) sleep Ustedes Duermen He sleeps Él Duerme They sleep Ellos Duermen She sleeps Ella Duerme • • • • • Jugar (u;ue) Dormir Almorzar Volver Llover • • • • • To play (games/sports) To sleep To have lunch To return (to a place) To rain •Use the word hasta after the verb dormir to say you sleep until a certain time. •Los domingos dormimos hasta las once. •On Sundays we sleep until 11. English Spanish English I want We want You want You want You (ud.) want You (uds.) want He wants They want She wants Spanish English Spanish English Spanish I want Quiero We want Queremos You want Quieres You want Queréis You (ud.) want Usted quiere You (uds.) want Ustedes quieren He wants Él quiere They want She wants Ella quiere Ellos quieren • • • • • • Empezar Merendar Entender Querer Tener Venir • • • • • • To begin To have a snack To understand To want To have To come •You can also use empezar a followed by an infinitive to say what you or other start to do. •¿A qué hora empiezan a trabajar tus padres? •What time do your parents start to work? •Empiezan a trabajar a las ocho de la mañana. •They start to work at 8:00am. Conjugate the verbs almorzar (o;ue) to have lunch and merendar (e;ie)-to have a snack. Be sure to write all forms separately and include the English meaning for each one!
