• Create a crossword puzzle using the words
below
• Do NOT fill it in leave it blank
• Include blank boxes and clues below!
• Words:
– Free State, Slave State, Missouri Compromise,
Emancipation, Mississippi Colonization Society,
States’ Rights, Tariff, Nullify, Compromise of 1850,
Popular Sovereignty, Secession, Emancipation
Proclamation, Abraham Lincoln, John C. Calhoun,
Jefferson Davis, Ulysses S. Grant
Secession and
Civil War
Do Now
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that
among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of
Happiness……. Preamble to Constitution
• Was this true prior to 1865 in Mississippi?
• Was the Constitution of the United States
appropriate for all citizens?
• How do you think Congress could justify their
actions of slavery.
The Slavery Issue
• The labor for producing cotton was
provided mainly by slaves
• The issue of slavery was so
controversial that is was rarely
mentioned
• The words slave and slavery are not
even found in the Constitution
• By 1819, however, slavery had
become the primary issue of the
United States
Slave or Free?????
• In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought a
huge area west of the Mississippi River from
France
– Louisiana
Purchase
• Could these new states have slavery? Or will
they be free?
• In 1819, the United States had 22 states,
evenly divided between free states and slave
states
• The Ohio River was the dividing line that
marked the slave states that were in the South
Missouri Compromise
• Missouri applied to be a
slave state in the Union
• Should Congress allow
this???
• The “Compromise”:
Maine would be
admitted as a free state
and Missouri would be
admitted as a slave
state
• Keeping the weight
evenly distributed, no
one group over
powered the other
Anti-Slavery Movement
• The American Colonization Society was
formed and it supported the
emancipation of slaves
• It also supported removing them to
Africa
• The nation of Liberia was created out
of the organization
• Some Mississippians supported this
cause. They organized into the
Mississippi Colonization Society in
1831
• Persuaded blacks to move to Africa
States’ Rights vs. Federal Government
• The issue of states’ rights threatened the union
– The right of individual states should prevail over the rights of the
federal government
• In the early 1800s, Congress passed several protective tariffs (tax on
imports)
– Kept out competition and raised prices of goods in US
• John Calhoun, vice president of the US, said that a state could nullify
a federal law
– Prevent enforcement of federal law
• Nullification could help the south keep slavery
• Congress eventually came up with a compromise to reduce the tariffs
but it also passed a law that denied the states the right to nullify a
law
Territorial Expansion…. Slavery
Expansion???
• After the Mexican American
War in 1846, the United
States gained land
– Slavery question pops up
again
• Compromise of 1850:
California would be admitted
as a free state and slavery in
some western territories
were determined by popular
sovereignty (vote by people
living there)
• Thought that this compromise had
settled the slavery issue
• In 1854, a war broke out in Kansas as
slavery and anti-slavery fought each
other over control of the stateBLEEDING KANSAS!
• Dred Scott Case- 1857: Dred Scott was
a slave who sued his owner for his
freedom
– Supreme Court decided that slaves could
not use the courts because they were
property-Led to Republican Party being
formed
• The Republican Party was formed to
oppose the expansion of slavery
Mississippi’s Reaction to New
Ideas….. Secession
• Southerners, especially
Mississippians, were distressed
over these events.
• They had fought and died for the
US but they felt they needed to
defend their way of life which
depended on slavery
• Secession began to be felt as the
only way to prevent the abolition of
slavery aka peculiar institution
• John Quitman, who favored secession (leaving
the Union) was elected governor in MS
• Most Mississippians wanted to stay in the
Union
• The next governors race in 1851, was between
Quitman and Henry Foote (Union Party) was
mainly over the issue of “union” or “secession
• Quitman dropped out of the race when he
saw what MS people wanted but Jefferson
Davis, who felt secession was the only answer,
entered the race
• Foote wins! But does not stay long
• In the late 1850s, the possibility of the
election of a Republican president raised fears
about the future
• Remember… Republicans opposed slavery
• In 1859, John Jones Pettus, who was a
supporter of secession was elected governor
in MS.
Song Writers!!!
• In groups of three you will write a song (yes
you will present and yes you will sing it!)
• I will assign you a topic to write about…
• This can be any kind of genre you would like to
perform
• Be creative and informational!!!!!
Secession
• Lincoln wins presidency in 1860
• South Carolina then proceeds to
secede from the Union
• Mississippi governor John Jones
Pettus calls the legislature into
session
• Most delegates favored
secession
• 84 of the 99 get to be voted for
secession
• Mississippi was the second
state to secede
• Followed by Alabama, Georgia,
Florida, Louisiana, and Texas
• The states that seceded sent
representatives to
Montgomery, Alabama and
there they formed the
Confederate States of America
– Aka… The Confederacy
• Jefferson Davis was elected
president of the Confederacy
• States’ rights and slavery were protected
under the constitution
• First capital was Montgomery, AL
Attack on Fort Sumter
• Controlled by the US
troops but surrounded
by Confederate forces
• War began in April 1861
in the harbor of
Charleston, South
Carolina
• Lincoln sent supplies to
the fort, South Carolina
attacked the fort and
captured it
• Lincoln called to put
down the rebellion
• Four more states then
seceded: Virginia, North
Carolina, Tennessee,
and Arkansas
• Civil War had begun
Northern and Southern Advantages
North:
1. More men.
2. More industry.
3. More railroads.
4. Already existing military.
South:
1. Fighting to defend their homeland.
2. Knowledge of the terrain (landscape).
Northern and Southern Strategies
North:
1. Capture Richmond, VA, the capital of the
Confederacy.
2. Divide and conquer – split the Confederacy
into three sections.
3. Blockade the south – use their navy to
close southern ports.
South:
1. Hold their own until European countries
come to their aid.
Breaking News!!!!!!!!
• You are to create a Newscast on the events
that led up to the Civil War.
• What would the news be about and how
would it be?
• Choose a side: Confederacy or Union!!!
• Must include: “Major stories”, “On the Scene
reporting”, Extras: weather, sports, etc…
• Use the your phone to record this
Newspaper Article
• THE CIVIL WAR HAS JUST STARTED!!!!
• You are a journalist for the Clarion Ledger
– Create a front page article detailing the events
that led to the war beginning.
– Include a SENSATIONAL headline… Make me want
to read your article by the headline!!
– This has to be no less than 250 words and no
more than 300 words
– Include one image!! (color this image!)