Topics
Adaptive superiority of vascular system (Tracheophytes),
seed and flower
Pteridophytes – Ferns and allies – one phylum
Gymnosperms – four phyla
Angiosperms – one phylum – most plants
Seedless Vascular Plants
Kingdom – Plantae
Ch. 27. p. 571-573.
Club ‘mosses’ (Lycophyta) and Ferns (Pteridophyta) –
two clades
• Vascular tissue - large size - strength - lignin
sporophytic dominance
Pteridophyta - Life Cycle
Kingdom – Plantae
Ch. 27. p. 576.
A simple homosporous life cycle
(nonvascular plants, most seedless vascular plants)
released and
disseminated
spore
growth by mitosis
meiosis
gametophyte
haploid
sporangium
mature
sporophyte
diploid
archegonia
antheridia
egg
growth by mitosis
sperm
embryo
zygote
fertilization
Seed
Kingdom – Plantae
Ch. 28, p. 582-584.
• Develops from
– Fertilized ovule
(Ovule = Megasporangium covered by integument)
• Consists of
– Embryonic sporophyte
– Nutritive tissue
– Protective coat
Seeds covered in ovary (fruit) – Angiosperms
not covered in ovary but on open scales of cones – no
fruit – Gymnosperms
Draw the cladogram of seed plants
Phylum Cycadophyta
- cycads
Dioecious
Phylum Ginkgophyta
- ginkgo tree Gingko biloba
- only one in
phylum
Phylum – Coniferophyta (Pinophyta)
female pine cones
Cluster of
male
pine
cones
Longleaf
pines – an
important
southern
commercial
species
Phylum - Gnetophyta
Ephedra spp.
Gnetum spp.
male
parts
Parts of complete flower
female
parts
Fruit – an apple
Monocots vs.
Eudicots
– flower
Lily – a monocot – count the petals
Hibiscus – a dicot – count the petals
Orchid – a monocot – count the petals
Monocots vs. Eudicots – leaves
monocot leaf
monocot leaf
Eudicot leaves
petiole
Monocots vs.
Eudicots
– seeds
structure of
eudicot
seed
- notice the
two
cotyledons
Monocot vs. Eudicot stem c/s
xylem
conducts water and dissolved minerals
phloem
conducts dissolved sugars
monocot stem
vascular bundles
dicot stem
corn
Some typical
Monocots
wheat
rice
Some typical
Monocots
bamboo
grass
sugar cane
Garlic and onion - Monocots
Some typical Eudicots
rose
tomatoes
live oak