A Textbook and Other
Resources for Teaching
Challenge-Based Biotransport
Robert J. Roselli, Vanderbilt University
Kenneth R. Diller, University of Texas, Austin
Student
Centered
Knowledge Assessment
Centered Centered
The
Challenge
Go Public
ChallengeBased
Instruction
(CBI)
Test your
mettle
Generate
Ideas
Multiple
Perspectives
Research
& Revise
Objections to the use of
Challenge-Based Instruction
by Instructors
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I’m not convinced that challenge-based instruction
is more effective than traditional lecture-based
instruction at the college level.
I don’t have time to develop effective challenges.
I won’t be able to cover the necessary material in
my course if valuable lecture time is lost to student
discussions and other in-class CBI activities.
Meta-analysis of VaNTH Studies
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
More
3
2
1.5
1.25
1
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
-0.25
Substantial difference
-0.5
Frequency
Meaningful difference
Effect
Size Categories
Effect Size = (CBI mean
– Traditional
mean)/ (pooled SD)
Cordray, D., Harris, T. R., Klein, S., A research synthesis of the
effectiveness, replicability, and generality of the VaNTH challenge-based
instructional modules in bioengineering. J. Engineering Education, 95, 335348, 2009.
Biotransport Modules (Roselli)
CBI
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Analogies
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Biofluids
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Bioheat
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Biomass
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Introduction to BME 210
Heart-lung machine
Renal vascular resistance
Hemorheology
Osmotic shock
Blood flow in circular tubes (arteries)
Blood flow in elliptical vessels (veins)
Heat transfer in mixing
Determination of time of death
Heat exchanger design
Pharmacokinetics
Determinates of cell size
Gas exchange and blood doping
Biotransport Modules (Diller)
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Heart Lung Machine
Generate Ideas
Blood Doping
Mucous Transport by Cilia
Respiratory Air Flow
Post Mortem Interval
HLM #2 - Cooling During Cardiac Surgery
Coffee Burns
Domestic Hot Water Safety Standards
Space Suit Thermal Design
Membrane Diffusion
Where can we find
Biotransport Modules?
Powerpoint Modules
And Resources:
www.vanth.org/biotransport/
kdiller@mail.utexas.edu
Don’t need to develop your own modules
How can I cover the necessary material
in my course if valuable lecture time is
lost to student discussions?
Why Another Biotransport
Textbook? What’s Unique?
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Introduces Students to CBI.
Covers Momentum, Heat and Mass Transport and
Emphasizes Analogies Between them.
Provides Detailed Derivations.
Provides Useful Challenges.
Avoids Tensor Notation.
Designed for Learning rather than Reference.
Includes Properties of Biological Materials.
Emphasizes Problem Solving Procedures.
Includes Extensive Biotransport Examples.
Examples
Derivations
Textbook Organization
Part III
Biofluid
Transport
Part I
Fundamentals
Of
How People Learn
Part II
Fundamental
Concepts in
Biotransport
Part
IV
Bioheat
Transport
Appendices
Part V
Biomass
Transport
A. Nomenclature
B. Physical Constants, Conversion Factors
C. Transport Properties
D. Charts for Transient Conduction & Diffusion
Part II. Fundamental Concepts
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Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts
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System Definition
Transport Scales
Conservation Principles
Transport Mechanisms
Transport Coefficients
Interphase Transport
Chapter 3 Modeling & Solving Problems
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Theoretical Approach
Empirical Approach
Parts III, IV & V Organization
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First Chapter: Basics
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Fundamentals
Unique Transport Features
Relevant Empirical Relationships
Boundary Conditions
Second Chapter: Macroscopic Approach
Third Chapter: 1-D Shell Balance Approach
Fourth Chapter: General Microscopic Approach
Chapter Organization
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Introduction
Context-specific Concepts
Summary of Key Concepts
Questions
Problems
Challenges
References
Selected Biofluid Transport Topics
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Blood Rheology
Vascular Resistance, Compliance & Inertance
Microvascular Blood Flow
Flow in Collapsible Vessels
Windkessel Arterial Model
Osmotic Pressure and Flow
Flow in Tapered & Permeable Vessels
Pulsatile Flow in Arteries
Selected Bioheat Transport Topics
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Human Thermoregulation
Thermal Dilution Methods
Burn Injury
Metabolic Heat Generation
Biological Heat Exchangers
Hyperthermia
Laser Tissue Irradiation
Wind Chill
Selected Biomass Transfer Topics
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Permeability
Cellular Transport
Gas Exchange
Enzyme Kinetics
Bioreactors
Kidney Dialysis
Pharmacokinetics
Blood Oxygenators
Electrical Charge
Typical Uses
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The textbook can be effectively used in
both traditional and challenge-based
courses.
It can be used for courses in biotransport,
biofluids, bioheat or biomass transport.
It can be used in introductory courses,
upper division undergraduate courses,
and graduate level courses.
Taxonomy-Based
Instruction
Start with a general principle,
illustrate it with specific cases
e.g., derive the Navier-Stokes Eq.,
then apply it to flow in an artery
Challenge-Based
Instruction
Start with a specific case:
Students do not have sufficient
background to adequately address the
challenge on their own
Design activities that bring in relevant
portions of the taxonomy
 Build up to general principles
Part I. HPL Fundamentals
Appendices
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A. Nomenclature
B1. Physical Constants
B2. Prefixes & Multipliers, SI Units
B3. Conversion Factors
C. Transport Properties
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Fluid properties
Normal blood perfusion rates in tissue
Thermal properties
Mass transfer properties, solubility coefficients, partition
coefficients
D. Charts for Unsteady State Conduction & Diffusion
Nomenclature
Textbook Challenges
Selected Fluids Topics
General Fluid Mechanics
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Newtonian & Non-Newtonian Fluids
Conservation of Mass
Conservation of Momentum
Conservation of Energy
Engineering Bernoulli Equation
Laminar & Turbulent Flow
Friction Factors, Friction Loss
Internal & External Flow
1-D & 3-D Shell Balances
Substantial Derivatives
Stream Function
Scaling Continuity & Navier-Stokes
Solving Non-Newtonian Problems
Biofluid Transport
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Rheological Properties of Blood
Biorheology and Disease
Blood Flow in Microvessels
Blood Flow in Organs
Vascular Resistance, Inertance
Vascular & Lung Compliance
Windkessel Arterial Model
Flow in Collapsible Vessels
Transmembrane Flow
Osmotic Pressure and Flow
Flow in Permeable Vessels
Flow in Tapered Vessels
Pulsatile Flow in Arteries
Selected Heat Transfer Topics
General Heat Transfer
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Constitutive Relationships
Conduction
Convective Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat Generation
Thermal Resistance, Biot Number
Heat Transfer Coefficients
Phase Change
Lumped Parameter Analysis
Compartmental Analysis
Heat Exchangers
Numerical Methods
Graphical (Heisler) Solutions
Bioheat Transport
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Human Thermoregulation
Thermal Dilution Methods
Flame Burn Injury
Metabolic Heat Generation
Biological Heat Exchangers
Hyperthermia
Laser Tissue Irradiation
Heat Exchange in Tissue
Wind Chill Factor
Safe Touch Temperature
Fire Shelter Design
Heat Loss from Finger
Low Temp Tissue Storage
Selected Mass Transfer Topics
General Mass Transfer
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Mass & Molar Concentration
Phase Equilibrium
Species Transport Between Phases
Molecular Diffusion
Fick’s Law, Single Phase
Diffusive & Convective Flow
Electrically Charged Species
Chemical Reaction
Internal & External Resistance
Species Conservation
Compartmental Analysis
Mass Transfer Coefficients
Superpositon
Biomass Transport
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Membrane Permeability
Hollow fiber permeability
Cellular Transport, Charged
species
Lung O2, CO2 Exchange
Tissue O2, CO2 Exchange
Enzyme Kinetics
Immobilized Enzyme Devices
Bioreactors
Kidney Dialysis
Pharmacokinetics
Blood Oxygenators
Transvascular Solute Transport
Methods: Posttest vs. Pretest
1) Knowledge Questions: 6 multiple choice
2) Open Ended Problem
“Results show that HPL and traditional students
made equivalent knowledge gains, but that HPL
students demonstrated significantly greater
improvement in innovative thinking abilities.”
Innovation
CBI
Innovation: This score reflects how effectively students apply their
knowledge base and analysis tools to devise a wise strategy for solving a
difficult open ended problem.
Efficiency
CBI
Efficiency: This score reflects the ability of students to properly model
the process by applying appropriate governing principles and
constitutive relations.