Victor Jara’s Songs “The junta broke the fingers on Victor Jara’s hands They said to the gentle poet “play your guitar now if you can” Victor started singing but they brought his body down You can kill that man but not his song When it’s sung the whole world round If you can sing for freedom I can too” Holly Near “It could have been me” 1974 Essential Questions What impact do songs have on social movements? What is the historical context in which these songs are written and performed? What makes a song effective in a cause? Role of Music Music has been used to lift the spirits of poor, oppressed and rebels. Music has been used to communicate the ideas of change and protest. From different historical eras from slavery, The Great Depression, Civil Rights Movement and Vietnam, individuals have shared their opinions of injustice. Victor Jara He was born on September 23, 1932. He was a Chilean folk singer who challenged military rule. He was imprisoned and tortured. They broke his hands because he played his guitar to sing his protest songs. He taunted the soldiers by singing. He died on September 16, 1973. He was shot 44 times by the military who supported Augusto Pinochet. Victor Jara Victor Jara was a peasant He worked from a few years old He sat upon his father's plow And watched the earth unfold His hands were gentle, his hands were strong Now when the neighbors had a wedding Or one of their children died His mother sang all night for them With Victor by her side His hands were gentle, his hands were strong He grew up to be a fighter Against the people's wrongs He listened to their grief and joy And turned them into songs His hands were gentle, his hands were strong He sang about the copper miners And those who worked the land He sang about the factory workers And they knew he was their man His hands were gentle, his hands were strong by Adrian Mitchell, music by Arlo Guthrie He campaigned for Allende Working night and day He sang "Take hold of your brothers hand You know the future begins today" His hands were gentle, his hands were strong Then the generals seized Chile They arrested Victor then They caged him in a stadium With five-thousand frightened men His hands were gentle, his hands were strong Victor stood in the stadium His voice was brave and strong And he sang for his fellow prisoners Till the guards cut short his song His hands were gentle, his hands were strong They broke the bones in both his hands They beat him on the head They tore him with electric shocks And then they shot him dead His hands were gentle, his hands were strong Victor Jara of Chile Lived like a shooting star He fought for the people of Chile With his songs and his guitar His hands were gentle, his hands were strong El Martillo Oh hermano, oh hermano. Si tuviera un martillo golpearía en la mañana golpearía en la noche por todo el país Alerta el peligro debemos unirnos para defender, la paz. Si tuviera una campana tocaría en la mañana tocaría en la noche por todo el país Alerta el peligro debemos unirnos para defender, la paz. Si tuviera una canción cantaría en la mañana cantaría en la noche por todo el país Alerta el peligro debemos unirnos para defender, la paz. Ahora tengo un martillo y tengo una campana y tengo una canción que cantar por todo el país. Martillo de justicia campana de libertad y una canción de paz. Manifesto Yo no canto por cantar ni por tener buena voz, canto porque la guitarra tiene sentido y razón. Tiene corazón de tierra y alas de palomita. Es como el agua bendita, santigua glorias y penas. Aquí se encajó mi canto como dijera Violeta; guitarra trabajadora con olor a primavera, Que no es guitarra de ricos, ni cosa que se parezca, mi canto es de los andamios para alcanzar las estrellas. Que el canto tiene sentido cuando palpita en las venas del que morirá cantando las verdades verdaderas. No las lisonjas fugaces ni las famas extranjeras, sino el canto de una lonja hasta el fondo de la tierra. Ahí donde llega todo y donde todo comienza, canto que a sido valiente siempre será canción nueva. Manifesto: English translation I don’t sing for love of singing or to show off my voice but for the statements made by my honest guitar for its heart is of the earth and like the dove it goes flying.... endlessly as holy water blessing the brave and the dying so my song has found a purpose as Violet Parra would say. Yes, my guitar is a worker shining and smelling of spring my guitar is not for killers greedy for money and power but for the people who labour so that the future may flower. For a song takes on a meaning when its own heart beat is strong sung by a man who will die singing truthfully singing his song. I don’t care for adulation or so that strangers may weep. I sing for a far strip of country narrow but endlessly deep. El Derecho De Vivir En Paz El derecho de vivir poeta Ho Chi Minh, que golpea de Vietnam a toda la humanidad. Ningún cañón borrará el surco de tu arrozal. El derecho de vivir en paz. Indochina es el lugar mas allá del ancho mar, donde revientan la flor con genocidio y napalm. La luna es una explosión que funde todo el clamor. El derecho de vivir en paz. Tío Ho, nuestra canción es fuego de puro amor, es palomo palomar olivo de olivar. Es el canto universal cadena que hará triunfar, el derecho de vivir en paz. The right to live in peace Lyrics Victor Jara The right to live poet Ho Chi Minh striking of Vietnam all humanity. No gun cleared the path of your rice. The right to live in peace. Indochina is the place beyond the wide sea, where the flower burst with genocide and napalm. The moon is an explosion which merges all the clamor. The right to live in peace. Uncle Ho, our song Fire is pure love, is the pigeon loft oil of olive. It is the universal song a string that will succeed the right to live in peace. El Aparecido Abre sendas por los cerros, Deja su huella en el viento, El águila le da el vuelo Y lo cobija el silencio. Nunca se quejó del frío, Nunca se quejó del sueño, El pobre siente su paso Y lo sigue como un ciego. Correlé, correlé, correlá, Por aquí, por allí, por allá, Correlé, correlé, correlá, Correlé que te van a matar, Correlé, correlé, correlá. Su cabeza es rematada Por cuervos con garra de oro, Cómo lo ha crucificado La furia del poderoso. Hijo de la rebeldía, Lo siguen veinte más veinte, Porque regala su vida Ellos le quieren dar muerte. Correlé, correlé, correlá, Por aquí, por allí, por allá, Correlé, correlé, correlá, Correlé que te van a matar, Correlé, correlé, correlá. “Estadio Chile” cinco mil en esta pequeña parte de la ciudad. Somos cinco mil ¿ Cuántos seremos en total en las ciudades y en todo el país ? Solo aqui diez mil manos siembran y hacen andar las fabricas. ¡ Cuánta humanidad con hambre, frio, pánico, dolor, presión moral, terror y locura ! Seis de los nuestros se perdieron en el espacio de las estrellas. Un muerto, un golpeado como jamas creí se podria golpear a un ser humano. Los otros cuatro quisieron quitarse todos los temores uno saltó al vacio, otro golpeandose la cabeza contra el muro, pero todos con la mirada fija de la muerte. ¡ Qué espanto causa el rostro del fascismo ! Llevan a cabo sus planes con precisión artera Sin importarles nada. La sangre para ellos son medallas. La matanza es acto de heroismo ¿ Es este el mundo que creaste, dios mio ? ¿Para esto tus siete dias de asombro y trabajo ? en estas cuatro murallas solo existe un numero que no progresa, que lentamente querrá más muerte. Pero de pronto me golpea la conciencia y veo esta marea sin latido, pero con el pulso de las máquinas y los militares mostrando su rostro de matrona llena de dulzura. ¿ Y Mexico, Cuba y el mundo ? ¡ Que griten esta ignominia ! Somos diez mil manos menos que no producen. Ay, canto qué mal me sales cuando tengo que cantar espanto. Ay, canto qué mal me sales Ay, canto qué mal me sales. ¿Cuántos somos en toda la Patria? La sangre del companero Presidente golpea más fuerte que bombas y metrallas Asi golpeará nuestro puño nuevamente ¡Canto que mal me sales Cuando tengo que cantar espanto! Espanto como el que vivo como el que muero, espanto. De verme entre tanto y tantos momentos del infinito en que el silencio y el grito son las metas de este canto. Lo que veo nunca vi, lo que he sentido y que siento hara brotar el momento hará brotar el momento. “Chile Stadium” There are five thousand of us here in this small part of the city. We are five thousand. I wonder how many we are in all in the cities and in the whole country? Here alone are ten thousand hands which plant seeds and make the factories run. How much humanity exposed to hunger, cold, panic, pain, moral pressure, terror and insanity? Six of us were lost as if into starry space. One dead, another beaten as I could never have believed a human being could be beaten. The other four wanted to end their terror one jumping into nothingness, another beating his head against a wall, but all with the fixed stare of death. What horror the face of fascism creates! They carry out their plans with knife-like precision. Nothing matters to them. To them, blood equals medals, slaughter is an act of heroism. Oh God, is this the world that you created, for this your seven days of wonder and work? Within these four walls only a number exists which does not progress, which slowly will wish more and more for death. But suddenly my conscience awakes and I see that this tide has no heartbeat, only the pulse of machines and the military showing their midwives’ faces full of sweetness. Let Mexico, Cuba and the world cry out against this atrocity! We are ten thousand hands which can produce nothing. How many of us in the whole country? The blood of our President, our compañero, will strike with more strength than bombs and machine guns! So will our fist strike again! How hard it is to sing when I must sing of horror. Horror which I am living, horror which I am dying. To see myself among so much and so many moments of infinity in which silence and screams are the end of my song. What I see, I have never seen What I have felt and what I feel Will give birth to the moment. Will give birth to the moment. How hard it is to sing when I must sing of horror. How hard it is to sing How hard it is to sing…. U2 in “One Tree Hill” 1987 And in the world, a heart of darkness, a fire zone Where poets speak their heart, then bleed for it Jara sang, his song a weapon in the hands of love You know his blood still cries from the ground It runs like a river, runs to the sea It runs like a river to the sea