The Dynamic Tendencies of
Physical and Chemical
Properties
Presented By: HMERT
Brian Ramsey
Why Demonstrate
Visual Education
Increased Awareness of Hazardous Materials
Death by POWER POINT
Increased Knowledge of Chemistry and Toxicology
(What we really need to know to be SAFE!)
Risk Based Response
Home Safety
Plus
This Stuff is REALLY COOL!
Target Audience
Hazmat Technicians / Specialist’s
Chemical Facilities
Process Safety Engineers
Municipal Fire Departments
Safety Professionals
Barton Solvents
Flammable Liquid
Explosion and Fire
Synthron Chemical Explosion
Pictures
Courtesy of CSB
Huge blaze erupts
at Oklahoma
chemical plant
following
container
explosions
Veolia Environmental
Services Flammable
Vapor Explosion and
Fire
Williams Olefins Plant
Explosion and Fire
Physical & Chemical Properties
Significant in Assessing Hazards and Managing Risk;
• Will it Hurt Me? How?
• IDLH, TWA /PEL values
Identifying your “TARGET”
• Qualitative / Quantitative Analysis Using Instrumentation.
Necessary for proper PPE selection
Physical / Chemical Properties
Physical Properties: Observed or measured without changing the composition of
matter. Physical properties are used to observe or describe matter.
Essential Knowledge for
Dealing
Hazardous
Chemical Properties:
Describe how with
substances
have the ability to undergo
reactions and form new substances.
Materials
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
FLASH POINT
Fire Point
Minimum temperature that a substance gives
off vapors sufficient to burn in the presence of
an ignition source
Minimum temperature that a substance will continue to
burn in the absence of ignition source
Flammable Limits
Explosive range or
LEL / UEL
Auto Ignition Temperature
Toxicity
Stability
Reactivity
Ionization Potential
Temperature at which a substance will
spontaneously ignite with out the presence of an
ignition source
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SOLID / LIQUID / GAS
Temperature at which the pressure of the vapors =
atmospheric pressure
Boiling Point
Vapor Pressure
Volatility
Molecules escaping from liquid or solid
How readily a substance vaporizes. Substances that
vaporize at room temperature are considered to be
Volatile
Specific Gravity
Vapor Density
Solubility
Fuel State of Matter
Relationship of substance to water
Relationship of substance to Air
Ability of Solute to dissolve in solvent
Flammable Liquids
Physical Relationships
High
IT
BP
Low
FP
HO
VC
VP
BP
FP
HO
IT
VC
VP
Low
Physical & Chemical
Properties
Specific Vapor
Ignition
Lower % Upper % Gravity (W) Density
Temperature by Volume by volume
= 1.0
(A) =
in Air
in Air
1.0
Material
Flash
Point
Acetone
Methanol
Isopropanol
Ethyl Alcohol
0F
52F
53
55F
869F
867F
750F
685F
2.1
6
2
3.3
12.8
36
12.7
19
0.79
0.79
0.79
0.79
2.1
1.1
2.07
1.58
Heptane
Toluene
Ethyl Ether
25F
40F
-49
399F
896F
356F
1.1
1.1
1.9
7
7.1
36
0.68
0.87
0.71
3.5
3.17
2.55
Propylene
Propane
Hydrogen
Acetylene
EXP
260
270
800
NA
851F
842F
752F
571F
2.4
2.1
3
2.5
10.3
9.5
75
100
NA
NA
NA
NA
Water
Soluble
Miscible
Miscible
Miscible
Miscible
Boiling
Point
132F
52F
181F
173F
Insoluble
8%
208F
232F
94F
1.45
0.05%
1.5
0.01%
0.1
<5%
0.91 Moderate
-53.8
-44
-422
-119
Insoluble
Simple Hazard Analysis /
Risk Assessment
Simple Hazard Analysis /
Risk Assessment
Simple Hazard Analysis /
Risk Assessment
Physical / Chemical Properties
“Hazmat Response Constants”
Air= 14.7 Psi / 760 mmHg
• 29 AMU
Water= 8.34 lbs/gal
1% = 10,000 ppm
Branching: Lowers Boiling Points
Materials must be @ Flash Point to burn, given a ignition source is present.
Polar Solvents “OH” Mix with water
Temperature always affects Pressure
Todays Demonstrations
Physical State
Flash Point
Boiling Point
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Density
Specific Gravity
Solubility
Polar /vs/ Non-Polar
Lower Explosive Limit // Upper Explosive Limit
Surface Area / vs / Reaction Rate
Static Electricity
Stoichiometric Reactions
Expansion Ratio
DYNAMIC TENDANCIES
OF
Hazardous Materials
WARNING STATEMENT!
The demonstrations you are about to see, have been
laboratory tested, and performed through research and
development methods. It is strongly recommended
that you do not attempt to try this yourself. These are
hazardous materials, and they can pose serious harm
and even death if not treated with respect!
Enjoy The Show
Please Ask Questions!
Please Participate!