CHAPTER 10 Thermodynamics
Chapter Opener
__ Tapping Prior Knowledge, TE Review previously learned concepts and check for
preconceptions about the chapter content.
SECTION 1 Relationships Between Heat and Work
OBJECTIVES
1. Recognize that a system can absorb or release energy as heat in order for
work to be done on or by the system and that work done on or by a system can
result in the transfer of energy as heat.
2. Compute the amount of work done during a thermodynamic process.
3. Distinguish between isovolumetric, isothermal, and adiabatic thermodynamic
processes
FOCUS (5 MINUTES)
__ Overview Review the objectives listed in the Student Edition.
MOTIVATE (5 MINUTES)
__ Demonstration, Work from Heat, TE
TEACH (25 MINUTES)
__ Power Point
__ Misconception Alert, p. 337, TE Organize students into small groups to discuss the
concepts of heat, work, pressure, temperature, and volume of a gas
__ Sample Set A, Work Done on or by a Gas, SE
__ Classroom Practice, Work Done on or by a Gas, TE
__ Visual Strategy, Figure 3, TE
CLOSE (10 MINUTES)
__ Section Review
__ Study Guide, Relationships Between Heat and Work
__ Section Quiz
OTHER RESOURCE OPTIONS
__ In-Depth Physics Content, Online Students can visit my.hrw.com and enter the keyword
HF6TDYX to find online chapters that integrate more in-depth development of the
concepts covered here.
__ Problem Workbook, Sample Set A: Work Done on or by a Gas
__ Problem Bank, Sample Set A: Work Done on or by a Gas
__ SciLinks, Online Students can visit www.scilinks.org to find internet resources related to
the chapter content. Topic: Energy Transfer SciLinks Code: HF60516
SECTION 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics
OBJECTIVES
1. Illustrate how the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of energy
conservation.
2. Calculate heat, work, and the change in internal energy by applying the first
law of thermodynamics
3. Apply the first law of thermodynamics to describe cyclic processes.
FOCUS (5 minutes)
__ Overview Review the objectives listed in the Student Edition.
MOTIVATE (5 MINUTES)
__ Visual Strategy, Figure 7, TE
TEACH (25 MINUTES)
__ Power Point
__ Key Models and Analogies, p. 343, TE
__ p. 344, TE Ask students to hide all but the first column of the table and then to reconstruct
as much information as possible from the initial conditions (ADVANCED STUDENTS)
__ Sample Set B, The First Law of Thermodynamics
__ Classroom Practice, The First Law of Thermodynamics, SE
__ p. 347, TE Ask students to describe the four steps in the heat engine cycle in terms of
energy transfer, work done, and changes in internal energy of the steam
__ Key Models and Analogies, p. 348, TE Draw a graph of pressure versus volume to depict
the steps of a thermodynamic cycle Ask students to identify which segments of the graph
correspond to which segments of the cycle. (ADVANCED STUDENTS)
CLOSE (10 MINUTES)
__ Section Review
__ Study Guide, The First Law of Thermodynamics
__ Section Quiz
OTHER RESOURCE OPTIONS
__ Problem Workbook, Sample Set B: The First Law of Thermodynamics
__ Problem Bank, Sample Set B: The First Law of Thermodynamics
__ SciLinks, Online Students can visit www.scilinks.org to find internet resources related to
the chapter content. Topic: Thermodynamics SciLinks Code: HF61514
__ SciLinks, Online Students can visit www.scilinks.org to find internet resources related to
the chapter content. Topic: Heat Engines SciLinks Code: HF60728
SECTION 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
OBJECTIVES
1. Recognize why the second law of thermodynamics requires two bodies at
different temperatures for work to be done.
2. Calculate the efficiency of a heat engine.
3. Relate the disorder of a system to its ability to do work or transfer energy as
heat.
FOCUS (5 MINUTES)
__ Overview Review the objectives listed in the Student Edition.
MOTIVATE (5 MINUTES)
__ p. 353, TE Work through a simple numerical example to help students understand the
meaning of efficiency.
TEACH (25 MINUTES)
__ Power Point
__ Conceptual Challenge, p. 353, SE These conceptual questions challenge students to
apply the section content to real-world applications. (ADVANCED STUDENTS)
__ Sample Set C, Heat-Engine Efficiency, SE
__ Classroom Practice, Heat-Engine Efficiency, TE
__ Demonstration, Probability, TE
__ Quick Lab, Entropy and Probability, SE Students write down the probability of
different combinations of dice rolls.
__ Datasheet, Entropy and Probability
CLOSE (10 MINUTES)
__ Section Review
__ Study Guide, The Second Law of Thermodynamics
__ Section Quiz
OTHER RESOURCE OPTIONS
__ Integrating Environmental Science, Thermal Pollution, Online Students can visit
my.hrw.com and enter the keyword HF6TDYX to find this activity.
__ Problem Workbook, Sample Set C: Heat-Engine Efficiency
__ Problem Bank, Sample Set C: Heat-Engine Efficiency
__ SciLinks, Online Students can visit www.scilinks.org to find internet resources related to
the chapter content. Topic: Sterling Engines SciLinks Code: HF61455
__ SciLinks, Online Students can visit www.scilinks.org to find internet resources related to
the chapter content. Topic: Entropy SciLinks Code: HF60523
END OF CHAPTER REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT
(45 minutes)
__ p. 359, SE This page summarizes the vocabulary terms and key concepts of the chapter.
__ pp. 360–363, SE Students review the chapter material with review questions, conceptual
questions, practice problems, and a mixed review section.
__ Alternative Assessment, p. 363, SE These projects challenge students to apply and
extend concepts that they have learned in the chapter. (ADVANCED STUDENTS)
__ Graphing Calculator Practice, p. 362, SE Students program their graphing calculators to
predict the highest theoretical efficiency for a Carnot engine operating between various
temperatures.
__ Standardized Test Prep, pp. 364–365, SE
__ Appendix D: Equations, p. 859, SE
__ Appendix I: Additional Problems, pp. 888, SE
__ Study Guide, Mixed Review
__ Chapter Test A