HUMAN
TRAFFICKING:
101
TRICIA SHIELDS RN MSN SANE DVNE
JILL BRUMMETT RN MSN SANE DVNE
MISSY CAIN BSN
OVERVIEW:
 Definition
of human trafficking
 Trafficking statistics
 Identifying victims of human trafficking
 Red flag indicators of trafficking
 Cases of trafficking
 General health issues related to trafficking
 Responding to victims of trafficking
HUMAN TRAFFICKING: WHAT IS IT?
 Modern-
day form of slavery
 The
US State Department’s office defines
two forms of trafficking: SEX & LABOR
 Victims
subjected to force, fraud or
coercion for the purpose of sex or labor
KEY ELEMENTS OF TRAFFICKING:
FORCE-
Rape, beatings, confinement
FRAUD-
Includes false and deceptive offers of
employment, marriage, and/or better life
COERCION-
Threats of serious harm, physical
restraint; any scheme, plan, or intention to
cause victims to believe that failure to perform
act would result in restraint or abuse
TYPES OF TRAFFICKING:

SEX TRAFFICKING- A commercial sex act
induced BY FORCE, FRAUD, OR
COERCION, or in which the person
induced to perform such act is <18

LABOR TRAFFICKING- The recruitment,
harboring, transportation, provision, or
obtaining of a person for labor services,
THROUGH THE USE OF FORCE, FRAUD, OR
COERCION
RECENT TRAFFICKING STATISTICS:
 In
2010, 49, 105 human trafficking victims
worldwide were identified; a 59% increase
over the previous reporting year
 Human trafficking has become a $12
billion a year global industry
 Between 14,500 and 17,500 individuals are
trafficked into the United States each year
 More than half of those victims are
children
Healthcare
professionals are among
st
the 1 to encounter
trafficking victims while
they are being held by
their traffickers!!
OUR ROLE AS HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS:
Assess
and Identify human trafficking cases
Provide
culturally-sensitive questioning which
may break the silence and afford the patient
the opportunity for rescue
Provide
setting
holistic, comprehensive care in a safe
WHO ARE THE VICTIMS/PATIENTS?







Anyone: US citizens, immigrants, foreign
nationals, old, young, male, female
Historically- Non-English speaking
Unfamiliar with U.S. culture or laws
Isolated individuals
Those fearful of healthcare providers,
government, police
Individuals that are watched, escorted,
guarded, or “coached”
Individuals in poor health by the time they seek
medical attention
WHO ARE THE TRAFFICKERS?
 Male
and female
 Usually
same ethnicity as victim
 Foreign
 Often
Nationals and U.S. Citizens
speak multiple languages
 Sometimes
 Looking
for a profit…no matter the cost
 Stranger,
 Often
member of organized crime
acquaintance, friend, family member, pimp
have a legal immigration status
RED FLAG INDICATORS:
Evidence of being controlled
 Evidence of inability to move or leave a job
 Bruises or other signs of physical abuse
 Fearful and/or submissive
 Not speaking on own behalf and/or non-English speaking
 No passport or other forms of identification, documents, or money
 Frequent relocation
 Numerous inconsistencies in his/her story
 Avoids eye contact
 Individual is using false identification papers
 Claims of just visiting and inability to clarify where he/she is staying
 Lack of knowledge of whereabouts and/or does not know what city he/she
is in
 Has few or no personal possessions

RED FLAG INDICATORS OF MINOR SEX TRAFFICKING:
 Excess
amount of cash
 Hotel room keys
 Signs of branding
 Lying about age/false identification
 Lack of knowledge of a given community
 Presence of over- controlling and abusive
“boyfriend”
 Restricted/ scripted communication
 Exhibits behaviors including hyper-vigilance or
paranoia, nervous, submissive
WHERE CAN VICTIMS/PATIENTS BE FOUND:
Sex Trafficking:
Labor Trafficking:
Domestic Service
Asian Massage Parlors,
Restaurants
Strip Clubs
Farms
Nail Salons
Factories
Street Prostitution
Housekeeping
Escort Services
Construction
Truck Stops
Candy Sales
Latino Residential Brothels
Door-to-Door Magazine
Hotels/Motels
Sales
HT IN KY:
SEX
Grand Jury Indicts
Human Trafficking
TRAFFICKING
Suspect
May 15, 2008, Lexington, KY
The Lexington Herald-Leader reports a
Fayette County Grand Jury indicted
Calvin Walker on two human
trafficking charges
Police say Walker lured two women to
Lexington then
forced them to work at a strip club
 took their money
 kept them from leaving

LABOR
FBI Investigating Elizabethtown human
TRAFFICKING
trafficking case Jun 24, 2011
•
•
•
•
A prominent Central Kentucky doctor
and his ex-wife are facing federal
charges
Illegal immigrant as a maid
The couple promised her a monthly
salary- However, the woman said she was
paid $20,000 total during her 12 years of
labor
•
•
•
They took the woman's passport
They told the woman she'd be
arrested and deported if she left the
house
Holding her against her will.... from
1994 to 2006…(12YRS)
SEX
Parents indicted for human
trafficking- TRAFFICKING
May 20, 2011
RICHMOND — Two Madison County parents were
indicted on human trafficking charges
(could spend up to 20 years in prison for allegedly selling
the sexual favors of their teenage daughters)
Duvall interviewed both girls, who told him their
mother “made them go out with guys for money,
food and clothing.”
HISTORY:
Anthony and Kathy Hart have had
brushes with the law …
In late 2002, both were indicted by
a Boyle County grand jury on the
child-selling charge, but the case
against Kathy Hart was dismissed
in 2004.
IDENTIFIED:
Foley Middle School teacher called
Richmond Police to report two
students from her school dressed
“inappropriately” as they stood in
front of the cinema at Richmond
Centre.
The girls were dressed in “lacy, hotpink negligee-like tops, tight jeans
and boots,” …temperature was in the
30s.
SEX
Kentucky Man Awaits Trial for Human Trafficking
TRAFFICKING
October 2010 COVINGTON:
A convicted child molester will be the subject of Kenton
County's first human trafficking case. Bobby Jo Perry II
(39yrs) was found guilty of sodomy- He is accused of
selling a boy he sodomized to another pedophile.
Perry will be brought to trial a second time under
Kentucky's three-year-old human trafficking law. The
victim, who was eleven at the time, testified against him.
LABOR & SEX
Other Trafficking Cases/Victims in Southern Ohio/Northern KY:
TRAFFICKING
•
Gas Station labor
Force, fraud, coercion
(male/female) -Florence worker
•
Porn, Strip Clubs,
Prostitution/Massage Parlors
(minors & adults)-Ft. Thomas
•
Video Shop Manager-
 Domestic
Servitude
Nannies, housekeepersForced marriage, mail
order brides
Restaurant workers in Ft.
Wright
Kenwood
We are just scratching
the surface…
Labor Camps/Sweatshops/Brothels

Blacked out windows
• Self-contained camps

Man trap doors
• Bouncers, guards, and/or
guard dogs

Security cameras

High walls

Buzz-in Entrance

Security intended to keep
victims confined

Barbed wire
• Restricted or controlled
communication
• Frequently moved by
traffickers
• Large number of
occupants for living
space
• Bars on windows
LABOR & SEX
Kentucky Rescue & Restore Data:
TRAFFICKING
KY RR MAY 2011 Stats:
•59 Cases identified in KY since
2008
•123 Victims Served
•KY RR Services include:
•housing, advocacy, medical
care, interpretation/translation,
family reunification, visa
assistance, etc.
HEALTH CARE OF HT VICTIM/PATIENT:
 Preventative
healthcare virtually non- existent
 Typically not treated in early stages
 Healthcare frequently administered by
unqualified “doctor” hired by the trafficker
 Healthcare provided with no regard for disease,
infection, or contamination control
GENERAL HEALTH ISSUES WITH HT:
 Inhumane
living
conditions- exposure to
infectious diseases
 Poor sanitation
 Inadequate nutrition
 Poor personal
hygiene/dental care
 Brutal
physical & emotional
abuse
 Dangerous work-place
conditions
 Lack of quality medical careundetected/ untreated
diseases
HEALTH ISSUES AMONG SEX TRAFFICKING:
STD’S:






HIV/AIDS
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID)
Pubic Lice
Human
Papillomavirus
(HPV)
FEMALE SPECIFIC:

Unwanted
pregnancies

Sterility

Miscarriages

Menstrual Problems

Infertility

Mutilations
HEALTH ISSUES AMONG LABOR
TRAFFICKING:
Chronic
back pain
Respiratory
Illness
Cardiovascular
Problems
Poor
Eyesight
Poor
Hearing
CHRONIC
HEALTH
CONDITIONS Diabetes
 Cancer
 Female
/Male
Reproductive
Problems
INFECTIOUS
HEALTH
CONDITIONS TB
 HEPATITIS
 MALARIA
 PNEUMONIA/
ACUTE
RESPIRATORY
INFECTIONS
 HIV/AIDS
Physical Risks HT Patient:
Drug
and Alcohol Abuse and/or
Addiction
Physical
Injuries
Traumatic
Suicide
Brain Injuries
or Death
Physical Injuries HT Patients:
 Broken
Bones
 Concussions
 Burns
 Strangulation
 Contusions
 Vaginal/ anal tears or injuries
 Tattoo or Branding
Many patients develop Traumatic
Bonding or Stockholm Syndrome:
Characterized
by cognitive distortions
Reciprocal
positive feelings develop
between captors and their hostages
Bond
is type of human survival instinct
Helps
the victim cope with the captivity
Patients also suffer from
Psychological Trauma:
 Anxiety or panic
 Depression
attacks
 PTSD
 Feelings of
 Phobias
helplessness,
 Insomnia
shame, denial,
 Physical
disbelief, or
Hyperhumiliation
alertness
 Cultural shock
 Self-loathing
WHERE MIGHT A HT VICTIM BE INTERCEPTED?
•
Places of Transport / Travel Centers
•
•
**Businesses where Alcohol is Sold**
•
•
Highway hotels, upper-class hotels, rural motels, airport hotels
College Campus
•
•
Liquor stores, strip clubs, hotel restaurants
Hotels / Motels
•
•
Bus stations, airports (domestic and intl.), truck stops/gas stations, rest areas
Traffickers / pimps may recruit victims on college campuses, College
restaurants/bars
Shopping Center/ Youth Hangouts
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mall
Skate Park
YMCA
Flea Market
Local cinema
Neighborhood Store
Patients in a Trafficking Situation feel
trapped with
no safe way out
 have
limited
knowledge of their
rights and legal
options
 have
limited
personal freedoms
OPEN
COMMUNICATION IS KEY TO SURVIVAL-
•
May not Identify as
Victim
Treat as a patient, NOT a
criminal.
Reiterate “What is
happening to you is wrong.”
•
Distrust of healthcare
providers
We are here to help you. We
can protect you and get you the
health care you need and
deserve- You can trust us.
•
Unaware of rights
You have rights. You have the
right to live without being abused.
TRAFFICKING VICTIMS IMMEDIATE NEEDS:
Immediate assistance

Housing, food, medical, safety and security, language interpretation and legal services
Mental health assistance
 Counseling,
rehabilitation
Income assistance

Cash, living assistance
Legal assistance

Immigration, civil, criminal, rights
Path
www.pathnky.org
www.wccky.org
Partnership Against the Trafficking of Humans
P.A.T.H. is a victim focused partnership of professional organizations, community agencies, and volunteers
committed to the Prevention of human trafficking through education and training; Protecting victims and
survivors through rescue and holistic services; and
ensuring the Prosecution of traffickers through legal advocacy.
P.A.T.H.
Help meet needs of victims such as:
Food, shelter, clothing, counseling,
Language advocacy, & more
Providing Materials, Education & Training
for individuals, agencies, & organizations
Increasing Awareness & Identification of Victims
Law
Education
Enforceme
Legal
Victim
&
nt
Advocacy Advocacy
Outreach
Advocacy
Helping victims with legal assistance,
Immigration options, KY legislation, &
Criminal prosecution of traffickers
Rescue & Protection of victims
Case Investigation
Criminal prosecution of traffickers
Contact & Resources
Mary R
maryr@wccky.org
859-491-3335
Kentucky Rescue & Restore:
www.rescueandrestoreky.org
Women’s Crisis Center
Partnership Against the Trafficking of
Humans
National HT Hotline
1.888.3737.888
WWW.PATHNKY.ORG
Find out how you can help locally!
Facebook: PATH
(Various Locations)
Look Beneath the Surface…
DHHS Rescue & Restore:
www.rescueandrestore.org
Polaris Project:
www.polarisproject.org
Questions???