Chapter 1
Workplace Safety
Primary Learning Objectives (1 of 3)
• Identify general workshop safety rules and
procedures.
• Identify the location of the posted evacuation
routes.
• Identify marked safety areas.
• Identify the location and the types of fire
extinguishers and other fire safety equipment;
demonstrate knowledge of the procedures for
using fire extinguishers and other fire safety
equipment.
Primary Learning Objectives (2 of 3)
• Identify the location and use of eye wash
stations.
• Locate and demonstrate knowledge of
material safety data sheets (MSDS).
• Comply with the required use of safety
glasses, ear protections, gloves, and shoes
during lab/workshop activities.
• Identify and wear appropriate clothing for
lab/workshop activities.
Primary Learning Objectives (3 of 3)
• Secure hair and jewelry for lab/workshop
activities.
• Utilize proper ventilation procedures for
working within the lab/workshop area.
Knowledge Objectives
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Understand a safety overview.
Explain standard safety measures.
Explain hazardous materials safety.
Conduct workshop safety inspections.
Describe personal protective equipment.
Comply with injury protection practices.
Understand first aid principles.
Skills Objectives
• Identify hazardous environments.
• Safely clean brake dust.
Introduction (1 of 2)
• Occupational safety and health is
everyone’s responsibility.
• Always:
– Think about how you are performing
workshop tasks
– Be on the lookout for unsafe equipment and
work practices
– Wear correct personal protective equipment
(PPE)
Introduction (2 of 2)
Figure 1-1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to items
of safety equipment such as safety footwear, gloves, clothing,
protective eyewear and hearing protection.
Safety Overview (1 of 4)
• Don’t underestimate the
dangers
• Accidents and injuries
can happen at any time
and are avoidable
• Evacuation routes safe
way of escaping danger
• Safe work environment
goes a long way toward
preventing accidents,
injuries, illnesses
Figure 1-3 Your workshop may have an
evacuation procedure that clearly
identifies the evacuation routes.
Safety Overview (2 of 4)
• (OSHA) Occupational Safety and Health
Administration
– Government agency created to provide
national leadership in occupational safety and
health
• (EPA) Environmental Protection Agency
– Federal government agency that deals with
issues related to environmental safety
Safety Overview (3 of 4)
• Workshop Policies and Procedures
– Ensure workshop operates according to
OSHA and EPA laws and regulations
– Policy: guiding principle that sets workshop
direction
– Procedure: list of steps required to get the
same result each time a task or activity is
performed
Safety Overview (4 of 4)
• Identifying Hazardous
Environments
– Hazard: anything that
could hurt you or
someone else;
impossible to remove
all hazards
– Identify hazards and
work to reduce their
potential for causing
harm
• See Procedure 1-1:
Identifying Hazardous
Environments
Procedure 1-1 Identifying Hazardous
Environments
Standard Safety Measures (1 of 15)
Figure 1-4
A
B
C
• Signs
– Three signal words:
danger, warning,
caution
– Background color:
draws attention to
potential hazards
Signs. A. Danger is usually indicated by white text on a red background.
Signs. B. Warning is usually in black text with an orange background.
Signs. C. Caution is usually in black text with a yellow background.
Standard Safety Measures (2 of 15)
• Signs (cont’d)
– Text: provides additional safety information
– Pictorial message: allows safety message to
be conveyed to people who are illiterate or
who do not speak the local language
Standard Safety Measures (3 of 15)
• Safety Equipment
– Handrails
– Machinery guards
– Painted lines
– Soundproof rooms
– Adequate ventilation
– Gas extraction hoses
– Doors and gates
– Temporary barriers
Standard Safety Measures (4 of 15)
• Air Quality
– Managing air quality helps protect you from
potential harm and protects the environment.
– Running engines produce dangerous exhaust
gases (carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide).
– Always follow correct safety precautions when
running engines indoors or in a confined space.
– Do not assume an engine fitted with a catalytic
converter can be run safely indoors; it cannot.
Standard Safety Measures (5 of 15)
Figure 1-5 Extraction hoses should be vented so
that the fumes will not be drawn back indoors.
Standard Safety Measures (6 of 15)
• Electrical Safety
Figure 1-6 All electrical switches and
fuses should be clearly labeled so that
you know which circuits and functions
they control.
– Poor electrical safety
practices can cause
shocks, burns, fires, and
explosions
– Know where electrical
panels for your
workshop are located
– In case of emergency,
you may need to shut off
electricity supply to a
work area or workshop
Standard Safety Measures (7 of 15)
• Portable Electrical
Equipment
– Extension cord: flexible
wiring fitted with ground
wire and neoprenecovered cord
– Tools that operate at
240 volts often sources
of shock and burn
accidents
– All electric tools must
be equipped with a
ground prong or
double-insulated
Figure 1-7 The extension cord should be
neoprene-covered.
Standard Safety Measures (8 of 15)
• Portable Workshop Lights
– Protective fitted covers fitted to prevent
accidentally breaking
– If lamp breaks, it can be an electrical hazard
– Electric droplights common source of shocks
– Should be designed so that electrical parts
never come into contact with outer casing of
the device
– Bulbs in electric droplights vulnerable to
impact
Standard Safety Measures (9 of 15)
Figure 1-8 All droplights should be properly protected.
Standard Safety Measures (10 of 15)
• Workshop Layout
– Efficient and safe with clearly defined working
areas and walkways
• Preventing Fires
– Danger of gasoline fire always present
– Fuel vapor extremely easy to ignite
– Spillage risks
– Spill kits: absorbent material and barrier dams
to contain moderate-sized spills
Standard Safety Measures (11 of 15)
• Preventing Fires
(cont’d)
– Drain fuel only in wellventilated, level space,
preferably outside
– Always use fuel
retriever, preferably
removing fuel through
filler neck
– Never weld anywhere
near a gas tank or any
kind of fuel line
Figure 1-9 Always use a fuel retriever;
this tool will minimize the chance of
sudden large spills occurring.
Standard Safety Measures (12 of 15)
• Extinguishing Fires
– Three elements required at same time for fire
to occur: fuel, oxygen, heat
– To extinguish fire, remove at least one
element, usually oxygen or heat
– Never hesitate to call fire department if you
cannot extinguish a fire safely
Standard Safety Measures (13 of 15)
• Fire Classifications
– Class A: ordinary combustibles such as wood,
paper, or cloth
– Class B: flammable liquids or gaseous fuels
– Class C: electrical equipment
– Class D: combustible metals such as sodium,
titanium, and magnesium
– Class K: cooking oil or fat
Standard Safety Measures (14 of 15)
Figure 1-10 Traditional labels on fire extinguishers often incorporate a
shape as well as a letter.
Standard Safety Measures (15 of 15)
• Eye Wash Stations and
Emergency Showers
– Eye wash stations:
flush eye with clean
water or sterile liquid in
event foreign liquid or
particles in eye
– When individuals get
chemicals in their eyes,
they may need
assistance in reaching
eye wash station
(c) Guy Croft SciTech/Alamy Images
Figure 1-12 The main types of eye
washers include disposable eye wash
packs and eye wash stations. Some
emergency showers have an eye wash
station built in.
Hazardous Materials Safety (1 of 4)
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
– How hazardous materials should be safely
used
– Any health effects relating to them
– How to treat a person exposed to them
– How to deal with them in a fire situation
– Obtained from the manufacturer
Hazardous Materials Safety (2 of 4)
• Cleaning Toxic Dust
Safely
Procedure 1-2 Safely Cleaning Brake
Dust
– Toxic dust: dust that
may contain fine
particles that could be
harmful to humans or
environment
– Common sources:
inside drum brakes
and manual
transmission bell
housings
Hazardous Materials Safety (3 of 4)
• Cleaning Toxic Dust Safely (cont’d)
– If cleaning up after a repair, do not dry sweep
dust; use low-pressure wet cleaning method
• See Procedure 1-2: Safely Cleaning Brake Dust
Hazardous Materials Safety (4 of 4)
• Used Engine Oil and
Fluids
– Often contain dangerous
chemicals and impurities
– Laws and regulations
control how to safely
recycle or dispose of in
environmentally friendly
way
– Avoid direct contact by
always using gloves and
other protective clothing
Figure 1-14 Used oil and fluids will
often contain dangerous chemicals
and need to be safely recycled or
disposed of in an environmentally
friendly way.
Workshop Safety Inspections
• Identify unsafe equipment, materials, or
activities so they can be corrected to
prevent accidents or injuries
• Formal and informal safety inspections
should be held regularly
Personal Protective Equipment
(1 of 7)
• Protective Clothing
–
–
–
–
Shirts
Pants
Shoes
Gloves
• Headgear
– Hairnets
– Caps
– Hard hats
• Hand Protection
–
–
–
–
Chemical gloves
Leather gloves
Light-duty gloves
General-purpose cloth
gloves
– Barrier cream
– Cleaning of hands
• Ear Protection
– Covers entire outer
ear
– Fitted into ear canal
Personal Protective Equipment
(2 of 7)
Figure 1-15 The proper footwear
provides protection against items falling
on your feet, chemicals, cuts, abrasions
and slips.
Figure 1-16 Chemical gloves should
extend to the middle of your forearm to
reduce the risk of chemical burns.
Personal Protective Equipment
(3 of 7)
Figure 1-18 Light-duty gloves should
be used to protect your hands from
exposure to greases and oils.
Figure 1-22 Ear protection comes in
two forms: One type covers the entire
outer ear, and the other is fitted into
the ear canal.
Personal Protective Equipment
(4 of 7)
• Breathing Devices
– Disposable dust
mask
– Respirator
Figure 1-24 To be completely effective,
the respirator mask must make a good
seal onto your face.
Personal Protective Equipment
(5 of 7)
• Eye Protection
– Safety glasses
– Welding helmet
– Gas welding
goggles
– Full face shield
– Safety goggles
• Hair Containment
• Always remove
watches, rings, and
jewelry before starting
work
Personal Protective Equipment
(6 of 7)
Figure 1-25 Safety glasses are
designed to protect your eyes from
direct impact or debris damage.
Figure 1-26 The lens on a welding
helmet has heavily tinted glass to
reduce the intensity of the light from
the welding tip, allowing you to see
what you are doing.
Personal Protective Equipment
(7 of 7)
Figure 1-27 Gas welding goggles can
be worn instead of a welding helmet
when using or assisting a person
using an oxyacetylene welder.
Figure 1-28 It is necessary to use a
full face shield when using a grinder,
solvents and cleaners, epoxies, and
resins or when working on a battery.
Injury Protection Practices
•
•
•
•
Figure 1-30 Prevent back injuries when
lifting heavy objects by crouching with
your legs slightly apart, standing close to
the object, and positioning yourself so
that the center of gravity is between your
feet.
Safe attitude
Proper ventilation
Correct lifting
Housekeeping and
orderliness
• Slip, trip, and fall
hazards
First Aid Principles (1 of 10)
• First aid: immediate care given to injured
or suddenly ill person
• Three important rules of first aid:
– Know what you must not do.
– Know what you must do.
– If you are not sure what procedures to follow,
send for trained medical assistance.
First Aid Principles (2 of 10)
• Bleeding
– External: loss of
blood from external
wound where blood
can be seen
escaping
– Internal: loss of
blood into body
cavity from wound
with no obvious sign
of blood
(c) Jones & Bartlett Learning, Courtesy of MIEMSS
Figure 1-32 Apply a gauze pad and
direct pressure to the wound.
First Aid Principles (3 of 10)
• Bleeding (cont’d)
(c) Jones & Bartlett Learning, Courtesy of MIEMSS
Figure 1-33 If blood soaks through the
bandage, apply additional dressings
and pressure bandage.
– Make sure you are
not exposed to
blood
– Wear latex gloves
or an artificial
barrier
– Call 9-1-1 if
bleeding cannot be
controlled
First Aid Principles (4 of 10)
• Eye Injuries
– If object penetrates
and becomes
embedded in the
eye, do not attempt
to remove it
– Call 9-1-1
(c) Jones & Bartlett Learning, Courtesy of MIEMSS
Figure 1-34 If an object penetrates and
becomes embedded in the eye, stabilize
the object with a bulky dressing or clean
cloths.
First Aid Principles (5 of 10)
• Eye Injuries (cont’d)
– If a chemical splashes
into eyes, you may be
able to flush it out
using eye wash station
– Call 9-1-1
– If you can see a loose
object, remove it with
a moistened sterile
gauze or clean cloth
Figure 1-36 Flush out the eye to prevent
a chemical burn.
First Aid Principles (6 of 10)
• Fractures
– Always seek medical care for all fractures
– Simple: no wound or internal or external
bleeding
– Open: bleeding or protrusion of bone through
skin
– Complicated: penetration of a bone into a
bodily structure or vital organ
– Be aware of onset of shock
First Aid Principles (7 of 10)
• Sprains, Strains, and Dislocations
– Sprain: when a joint is forced beyond its
natural movement limit
– Strain: injury caused by the overstretching of
muscles and tendons
– Dislocation: displacement of a joint from its
normal position
First Aid Principles (8 of 10)
• Burns and Scalds
(c) Jones & Bartlett Learning
Figure 1-37 First-degree burn.
– Superficial burns
(first-degree):
reddening of the
skin and damage to
outer layer of skin
only.
First Aid Principles (9 of 10)
• Burns and Scalds
(cont’d)
– Partial-thickness
burns (seconddegree): blistering
and damage to
outer layer of skin
(c) E.M. Singletary, MD. Used with permission.
Figure 1-38 Second-degree burn.
First Aid Principles (10 of 10)
• Burns and Scalds
(cont’d)
– Full-thickness burns
(third-degree): white
or blackened areas
and include damage
to all skin layers and
underlying structures
and tissues
Courtesy of AAOS
Figure 1-39 Third-degree burn.
Summary (1 of 4)
• Occupational safety and health are important
and everyone’s responsibility.
– Don’t underestimate the dangers of vehicle
servicing and repair.
– Accidents and injuries can happen at any time,
but they are avoidable.
– A safe work environment goes a long way toward
preventing accidents, injuries, and illnesses.
– Understand OSHA and EPA regulations.
– Know your workshop’s policies and procedures.
– Be able to identify hazardous environments.
Summary (2 of 4)
• Know standard safety measures used in
workshop:
–
–
–
–
–
Signs and safety equipment
Maintaining air quality and electrical safety
Safe workshop layout
Methods to prevent and extinguish fires
Use of eye-wash stations and emergency showers
• Understand hazardous materials safety:
– Material safety data sheets
– How to safely clean up toxic dust, used engine oil,
and other fluids
Summary (3 of 4)
• Understand workshop safety inspections.
• Understand and use personal protective
equipment: protective clothing, head gear,
and hand, eye, ear, breathing protection.
• Keep hair covered and remove watches
and other jewelry.
Summary (4 of 4)
• Understand good practices for injury protection.
– Maintain a safe attitude.
– Ensure proper ventilation in the workshop.
– Avoid injury by lifting properly, maintaining an orderly
workshop, and eliminating slip, trip, and fall hazards.
• Understand and implement first aid when needed,
including response to incidents involving:
–
–
–
–
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Bleeding
Eye injuries
Fractures
Sprains, strains, and dislocations
Burns and scalds