a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step – Lao Tzu 1 Presented by UC Berkeley* Fall/Winter 2013 *with lots of help from the Library of Congress, UC San Diego, Chris Oliver, and others who have written awesome reports and articles. 2 Practicalities • • • • Breaks Beverages Food Apply active listening techniques Avoid distractions Show that you’re listening Provide feedback Keep an open mind 3 don’t panic 4 Learning Objective for the 6 Day Course: Use and apply RDA to catalog materials with or without OCLC copy. 5 Day 1 – Foundations: FRBR, RDA, BSR Day 2 – Using the RDA Toolkit Day 3 – BSR in RDA instruction order Pt. 1 Day 4 – BSR in RDA instruction order Pt. 2 Day 5 – Constructing AAPs & using relationship designators Day 6 – BSR in MARC order Additional training… 6 each day has its own learning objectives 7 Day 1 Learning Objectives • Identify FRBR Group 1 entities • Identify FRBR Group 1 attributes • Identify FRBR Group 2 entities • Conceptualize relationships between Group 1 and Group 2 entities 8 Day 1 Learning Objectives, continued • Understand the relationship between FRBR & RDA • Become familiar with the PCC MAPS, the PCC BSR for Print Monographs, and both the PCC and UCB Policy Statements • Impress friends and colleagues with your command of FRBR and RDA terminology 9 FRBR RDA BSR • FRBR - a conceptual model, the foundations for RDA • RDA - cataloging instructions that are based on the FRBR conceptual model • BSR - the PCC’s standard for creating bibliographic records using RDA – also used by UC and UCB 10 11 FRBR “Furburr” • Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records • Not a set of rules or instructions • Uses an entity relationship model, rather than descriptive analysis 12 Why Do Libraries Need FRBR? • To avoid becoming marginalized by other information delivery services • To cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries • To encourage redesign of our systems to move us into linked data information discovery and navigation systems in the Internet environment • To make our bibliographic descriptions and access data more internationally acceptable 13 Tillett, Barbara. Keeping libraries relevant in the semantic Web with RDA: Resource Description and Access. First appeared in Serials, Nov. 2011 issue, Vol. 24, no. 3. 13 Why Do Catalogers Need FRBR? • It will be easier to understand RDA • It will be easier to navigate the RDA Toolkit • We can better apply RDA • It will be easier to use cataloger’s judgment in context 14 FRBR User Tasks 1. Find to locate either a single entity or a set of entities as the result of a search using an attribute or relationship of the entity Find the work: “Hamlet” 15 FRBR User Tasks, cont’d. 2. Identify to confirm that the entity described corresponds to the entity sought, or to distinguish between two or more entities with similar characteristics Which “Hamlet” in the retrieval set is the one I’m looking for? 16 FRBR User Tasks, cont’d. 3. Select to choose an entity that meets the user’s requirements with respect to content, physical format, etc., or to reject an entity as being inappropriate to the user’s needs The 1987 Penguin edition is available in print and online; but the online version lacks the “marginalia” added by the previous user. 17 FRBR User Tasks, cont’d. 4. Obtain to acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc., or to access an entity electronically through an online connection It is snowing outside and I don’t want to walk to the Library. I will download the online version through the Library’s access to Ebrary 18 Who Are Users? People and Machines 19 The FRBR Model In an entity-relationship (ER) model 3 things exist: Entities are things (physical or abstract) Attributes are properties/characteristics of either entities or relationships Relationships are interactions among entities 20 3 Groups of FRBR Entities Group 1 Entities: Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items Group 2 Entities: Persons, Families, Corporate Bodies Group 3 Entities: Concept, Place, Event, Object … plus … 21 Group 1 Entities “WEMI” “IMEW” 22 An abstraction: a distinct intellectual or artistic creation WORK Another abstraction: the intellectual or artistic realization of a work is realized through EXPRESSION is embodied in MANIFESTATION The physical embodiment of an expression of a work is exemplified by ITEM a single exemplar of a manifestation 23 Charlie and the Chocolate Factory WORK Roald Dahl’s text is realized through EXPRESSION is embodied in MANIFESTATION published by Knopf in 1964 is exemplified by ITEM ED-P’s copy with call # PZ7 Da44 C4 24 A Moment for Questions, Reflection, and Oxygen followed by A Detailed Look at Individual Group 1 Entities and their Attributes 25 Group 1 Entity: WORK 26 a WORK is … • A work is an abstract entity, an idea in the mind of a creator • A distinct artistic or intellectual creation • There is no material or physical object • It is realized through expressions 27 What’s a WORK? 28 Identify the WORK A. Ivan Argüelles’ That Goddess B. Queen’s Bohemian Rhapsody C. An autographed copy of Green Eggs & Ham D. Foucault’s Pendulum, an English translation of Umberto Eco’s Pendolo di Foucault E. An audio recording of The Agony & The Ecstasy 29 WORK Attributes • • • • • • • Title Form Date Intended Termination Intended Audience Context Medium of Performance (musical work) • Numeric Designation (musical work) • Key (musical work) • Coordinates (cartographic work) • Equinox (cartographic work) • Other Distinguishing Characteristic 30 Identify the Work attributes 008 830811 1981 nyu j eng u 090 PS3573|b.Wi442V5.1981 100 10 Willard, Nancy. 245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen 250 1st ed 260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981 300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm 520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive at William Blake's inn 600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature. 650 0 Children's poetry, American. Location/Call 650 0 American poetry. No. EducationPsychology Children's Lit 700 10 Provensen, Alice. Coll 700 10 Provensen, Martin. PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981 31 Group 1 Entity: EXPRESSION 32 The EXPRESSION • • • • • • • • Alpha-numeric notation in a specific language Musical notation Choreographic notation Sound Image Object Movement Or any combination of such forms 33 “An expression is the specific intellectual or artistic form that a work takes each time it is realized.” FRBR p.19 34 Identify the EXPRESSION A. Spanish translation of Ivan Argüelles’ That Goddess B. Performance of Queen’s Bohemian Rhapsody C. An autographed copy of Green Eggs & Ham D. Umberto Eco’s Pendolo di Foucault E. An audio recording of The Agony & The Ecstasy 35 35 What is the RELATIONSHIP between an EXPRESSION and a WORK? WORK is realized through is the realization of EXPRESSION The logical relationship between Work & Expression is the first of the 3 Primary WEMI Relationships 36 EXPRESSION Attributes • • • • • • • Title Form Date Language Extensibility Revisability Extent • Context • Summarization of Content • Critical Response to the expression • Use restrictions on the expression 37 EXPRESSION Attributes, cont’d. Serials: Sequencing pattern, Expected regularity of issue, Expected frequency of issue Musical notation: Type of score, Medium of performance Cartographic images/objects: Scale, Projection, Presentation technique, Representation of relief, etc. 38 Identify the Expression attributes 008 830811 1981 nyu j eng u 090 PS3573|b.Wi442V5.1981 100 10 Willard, Nancy. 245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen 250 1st ed 260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981 300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm 520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive at William Blake's inn 600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature. 650 0 Children's poetry, American. Location/Call 650 0 American poetry. No. EducationPsychology Children's Lit 700 10 Provensen, Alice. Coll 700 10 Provensen, Martin. PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981 39 Barcode: B000511019 Group 1 Entity: MANIFESTATION 40 a MANIFESTATION is ... • The physical embodiment of an expression of a work. • It represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics in terms of intellectual content and physical form. • Whether production is small or large, the set of all the copies produced in each case is a single manifestation. 41 Identify the MANIFESTATION 1. Robert Elmer’s Archery 2. Robert Elmer’s Archery published in Philadelphia by Penn Pub. Co. in 1933 MAIN’s copy of Archery by Robert Elmer published in Philadelphia by Penn Pub. Co. in 1933 with call # GV1185 .E43 MAIN Archery; a poem by James Ogden. [Manchester] : Printed for the author, 1793. 3. 4. 42 MANIFESTATION Attributes • title of the manifestation • statement of responsibility • edition/issue designation • place of publication/distribution • publisher/distributor • date of publication/distribution • fabricator/manufacturer • series statement • form of carrier • • • • • • • • • • extent of the carrier physical medium capture mode dimensions of the carrier manifestation identifier source for acquisition/access authorization terms of availability access restrictions on the manifestation typeface (printed book) 43 type size (printed book) Manifestation Attributes, cont’d. • color (image) • reduction ratio (microform) • polarity (microform or visual projection) • generation (microform or visual projection) • presentation format (visual projection) • system requirements (eresource) • file characteristics (e-resource) • mode of access (remote access e- resource) • access address (remote access e-resource) HAND-PRINTED BOOKS: • Collation • Foliation SOUND RECORDINGS: • playing speed • groove width • kind of cutting • tape configuration • kind of sound • special reproduction characteristic SERIALS: • publication status • numbering 44 Identify the Manifestation attributes 008 830811 1981 nyu j eng u 090 PS3573|b.Wi442V5.1981 100 10 Willard, Nancy. 245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen 250 1st ed 260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981 300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm 520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive at William Blake's inn 600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature. 650 0 Children's poetry, American. Location/Call 650 0 American poetry. No. EducationPsychology Children's Lit 700 10 Provensen, Alice. Coll 700 10 Provensen, Martin. PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981 45 What is the RELATIONSHIP between a MANIFESTATION and an EXPRESSION? EXPRESSION is embodied in embodies MANIFESTATION The logical relationship between EXPRESSION & MANIFESTATION is the second of the 3 Primary WEMI Relationships 46 Group 1 Entity: ITEM 47 Group 1 Entity: ITEM • An item is a concrete entity • It is a single exemplar of a manifestation 48 Identify the ITEM 1. The buffalo book: the full saga of the American animal / David Dary [S.l.] : Swallow, [1974] 2. Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus 3. Catalog Department Reference Area’s LCSH in 6 vols. 4. Willy Wonka & the chocolate factory DVD 1723 held by MRC 49 49 ITEM Attributes • Item Identifier • Fingerprint • Provenance of the item • Marks/inscriptions • Exhibition history • Condition of the item • Treatment history • Scheduled treatment • Access restrictions 50 Identify the Item attributes 008 830811 1981 nyu j eng u 100 10 Willard, Nancy. 245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen 250 1st ed 260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981 300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm 520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive at William Blake's inn 600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature. 650 0 Children's poetry, American. 650 0 American poetry. Location/Call No. Education700 10 Provensen, Alice. Psychology Children's Lit 700 10 Provensen, Martin. Coll PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981 Barcode: B00051101951 Item Attribute? Location/Call No. Education-Psychology Children's Lit Coll PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981 Barcode: B000511019 RELATIONSHIP: owner 52 What is the RELATIONSHIP between a MANIFESTATION and an ITEM? exemplifies MANIFESTATION is exemplified by ITEM The logical relationship between MANIFESTATION & ITEM is the third of the 3 Primary WEMI Relationships 53 Poem “Leaves of Grass” WORK Walt Whitman’s text is realized through EXPRESSION publication of Whitman poems by Thayer and Eldridge in 1879 or 1880 is embodied in MANIFESTATION is exemplified by ITEM BANC’s copy with call # PS3201 1879 54 The Will to Clarity 55 WORK Also Sprach Zarathustra by Friedrich Nietzsche Expression 1 original German text Expression 2 English translation Item 1.UCB MAIN Copy 1 C042182560 Manifestation 1. Published by Alfred Kroner 1953 Manifestation 2. Published by Thistle Press 1964 Manifestation 2B. Published by Macmillan 1916 – digitized by HathiTrust Item 1B.UCB MAIN Copy 2 C070436387 Item 2. UCB BANC no barcode Item 2B. UCB online resource 56 Differentiating Between Different Works 57 Didn’t Richard Strauss Compose “Also Sprach Zarathustra”? Or, When is a Work a new Work, or the same Work? 58 “…variant texts incorporating revisions or updates to an earlier text are viewed simply as expressions of the same work. Similarly, abridgements or enlargements of an existing text or the addition of parts or an accompaniment to a musical composition are also considered to be different expressions of the same work. Translations from one language to another, musical transcriptions and arrangements, and dubbed or subtitled versions of a film are also considered different expressions of the same original work.” FRBR p.17-18 59 On the other hand… “… when the modification of a work involves a significant degree of independent intellectual or artistic effort, the result is viewed … as a new work. Thus, paraphrases, rewritings, adaptations for children, parodies, musical variations on a theme and free transcriptions of a musical composition are considered to represent new works. Similarly, adaptations of a work from one literary or art form to another (e.g. dramatizations, adaptations from one medium of the graphic arts to another, etc.) are considered to represent new works. Abstracts, digests, and summaries are also considered to represent new works.” FRBR p.18 60 Same Work, Different Expression revisions, updates, abridgements, enlargements, addition of parts, or an accompaniment, translations from one language to another, musical transcriptions, arrangements, dubbed, or subtitled versions New Work paraphrases, rewritings, adaptations for children, parodies, musical variations on a theme, free transcriptions of a composition, adaptations from one literary or art form to another, abstracts, digests, and summaries 61 Family of Works Equivalent Microform Reproduction on diagram in “Bibliographic Relationships,” Barbara B. Tillett. Ch. 2 in: Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge, edited by Carol A. Bean and Rebecca Green. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, p. 19-35. 1Based Free Translation Edition Simultaneous “Publication” Abridged Edition Copy Revision Exact Reproduction Translation Facsimile Reprint Original Work-- Same Expression Descriptive Derivative Variations or Versions Illustrated Edition Casebook Summary Abstract Dramatization Criticism Digest Novelization Screenplay Libretto Evaluation Change of Genre Parody Imitation Expurgated Edition Arrangement Slight Modification Review Same Style or Thematic Content Annotated Edition Commentary Adaptation Same Work – Cataloging Rules New Work New Expression Cut-Off Point 62 Same Work or New Work? WORK: Bach’s The Art of the Fugue a) Original score written for organ b) Arrangement for organ and flute c) Choreography for 12 dancers WORK: A Visit to William Blake’s Inn d) Screenplay e) Translation into French f) Braille 63 The FRBR Model In an entity-relationship (ER) model 3 things exist: Entities are things (physical or abstract) Attributes are properties/characteristics of either entities or relationships Relationships are interactions among entities 64 Group 2 Entities “PFC” 65 We’re going to leave FRBR for a bit and visit its cousin FRAD 66 Functional Requirements for Authority Data “FRAD” 67 Group 2 Entities Persons, families, and corporate bodies are responsible for: a. the intellectual or artistic content, b. the physical production and dissemination, c. and the custodianship of the entities in the Group 1. 68 FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data) User Tasks –Find: Find an entity or set of entities corresponding to stated criteria –Identify: Identify an entity –Clarify (Justify): Document the authority record creator’s reason for choosing the name or form of name on which an access point is based. –Contextualize (Understand): Place a person, corporate body, work, etc. in context 69 FRAD Attributes of a Person • (Name) • Title of person • Dates associated with the person • Gender • Place of birth • Place of death • Country • • • • • • Place of residence Affiliation Address Language of person Field of activity Profession / occupation • Biography / history • Other informational elements associated with the person 70 FRAD Attributes for Families and Corporate Bodies • • • • • • FAMILIES (Name) Type of family Dates of family Places associated with family Field of activity History of family • • • • • • • • CORPORATE BODIES (Name) Place associated Dates associated Language of the corporate body Address Field of activity History Other information 71 GROUP 2 ENTITES and RESPONSIBILITY RELATIONSHIPS to GROUP 1 ENTITES WORK EXPRESSION MANIFESTATION ITEM GROUP 2 IS OWNED BY IS PRODUCED BY PERSON FAMILY IS REALIZED BY IS CREATED BY CORP BODY 72 FRBR Group 3 Entities • Concepts • Objects • Events • Places • Group 1 entities (WEMI) • Group 2 entities (PFC) 73 Relationships Work Expression Manifestation Item 74 “… relationships serve as the vehicle for depicting the link between one entity and another … ” FRBR p.55 75 Relationships, cont’d. Three other major types of relationships: 1. between a person, family or corporate body and a resource 2. between one resource and another resource 3. between a person, family or corporate body and another person, family or corporate body 76 Death of a Salesman (Work) Original text in English (E) Is created by Arthur Miller Spoken word in English (E) Text in Danish translation (E) Is translated by someone Charles Scribner's Sons, c2003 (M) Caedmon, p1965 (M) Gyldendal, 1959 (M) Is owned by MAIN ITEM Is owned by MAIN Is narrated by someone ITEM ITEM Is owned by 77 MRC Example of Entity Relationships and FRBR Group 2 PFC Creator (author) to Group 1 WEMI Work Contributor (editor) Expression Manufacturer (Printer) Manifestation Owner (Current owner) Item 78 Relationships Between Group 1, 2, & 3 Entities 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Between a concept & a work Between an object & a person Between a place & a corporate body Between a work & a work Between a family & a concept 79 What kind of Relationship and between which FRBR Groups? 1. Flowers in literature and the work: California wild flowers in verse and picture. SUBJECT Relationship - GROUP 3 to GROUP 1 2. Sculpture “Adam & Eve” and artist Mary Murchio CREATOR Relationship - GROUP 2 to GROUP 1 3. Book Pygmalion and movie My Fair Lady DERIVATIVE WORK Relationship - GROUP 1 to GROUP 1 4. Astor Family and Manhattan SUBJECT Relationship - GROUP 2 to GROUP 3 80 Expression Translation of Work Item Exemplar of Manifestation Work Created by Person Item Owned by Family Manifestation Produced by Corporate Body Work Based on Work Manifestation Reproduction of Manifestation Person Member of Family Corporate Body Founded by Family 81 Which of the following are the 4 Group 1 entities and which are the 3 Group 2 entities? a. Works b. Titles c. Persons d. Expressions e. Events f. Friends g. Families h. Manifestations i. Manufacturers j. Examples k. Corporate Bodies l. Items m. Implementations 82 What am I supposed to with all this information? 83 See slides for RDA DAY 1 part 2 web version 84