a journey of a thousand miles
begins with a single step – Lao Tzu
1
Presented by UC Berkeley*
Fall/Winter 2013
*with lots of help from the Library of Congress, UC San Diego,
Chris Oliver, and others who have written awesome reports and articles.
2
Practicalities
•
•
•
•
Breaks
Beverages
Food
Apply active listening techniques
Avoid distractions
Show that you’re listening
Provide feedback
Keep an open mind
3
don’t panic
4
Learning Objective for the
6 Day Course:
Use and apply RDA to
catalog materials with or
without OCLC copy.
5
Day 1 – Foundations: FRBR, RDA, BSR
Day 2 – Using the RDA Toolkit
Day 3 – BSR in RDA instruction order Pt. 1
Day 4 – BSR in RDA instruction order Pt. 2
Day 5 – Constructing AAPs & using
relationship designators
Day 6 – BSR in MARC order
Additional training…
6
each day has its own learning objectives
7
Day 1 Learning Objectives
• Identify FRBR Group 1 entities
• Identify FRBR Group 1 attributes
• Identify FRBR Group 2 entities
• Conceptualize relationships between
Group 1 and Group 2 entities
8
Day 1 Learning Objectives, continued
• Understand the relationship between
FRBR & RDA
• Become familiar with the PCC MAPS, the
PCC BSR for Print Monographs, and both
the PCC and UCB Policy Statements
• Impress friends and colleagues with your
command of FRBR and RDA terminology
9
FRBR
RDA BSR
• FRBR - a conceptual model, the foundations
for RDA
• RDA - cataloging instructions that are based
on the FRBR conceptual model
• BSR - the PCC’s standard for creating
bibliographic records using RDA – also used
by UC and UCB
10
11
FRBR “Furburr”
• Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Records
• Not a set of rules or instructions
• Uses an entity relationship model, rather than
descriptive analysis
12
Why Do Libraries Need FRBR?
• To avoid becoming marginalized by other
information delivery services
• To cut costs for the description and access to
resources in our libraries
• To encourage redesign of our systems to move us into linked
data information discovery and navigation systems in the
Internet environment
• To make our bibliographic descriptions and access data more
internationally acceptable
13
Tillett, Barbara. Keeping libraries relevant in the semantic Web with RDA: Resource
Description and Access. First appeared in Serials, Nov. 2011 issue, Vol. 24, no. 3.
13
Why Do Catalogers Need FRBR?
• It will be easier to understand RDA
• It will be easier to navigate the RDA Toolkit
• We can better apply RDA
• It will be easier to use cataloger’s judgment in
context
14
FRBR User Tasks
1. Find
to locate either a single entity or a set of entities as
the result of a search using an attribute or
relationship of the entity
Find the work: “Hamlet”
15
FRBR User Tasks, cont’d.
2. Identify
to confirm that the entity described corresponds
to the entity sought, or to distinguish between
two or more entities with similar characteristics
Which “Hamlet” in the retrieval set is
the one I’m looking for?
16
FRBR User Tasks, cont’d.
3. Select
to choose an entity that meets the user’s
requirements with respect to content, physical
format, etc., or to reject an entity as being
inappropriate to the user’s needs
The 1987 Penguin edition is available in print
and online; but the online version lacks the
“marginalia” added by the previous user.
17
FRBR User Tasks, cont’d.
4. Obtain
to acquire an entity through purchase, loan, etc.,
or to access an entity electronically through an
online connection
It is snowing outside and I don’t want to
walk to the Library. I will download the
online version through the Library’s access
to Ebrary
18
Who Are Users?
People and Machines
19
The FRBR Model
In an entity-relationship (ER) model 3 things exist:
Entities
are things (physical or abstract)
Attributes
are properties/characteristics of either
entities or relationships
Relationships
are interactions among entities
20
3 Groups of FRBR Entities
Group 1 Entities:
Works, Expressions, Manifestations, and Items
Group 2 Entities:
Persons, Families, Corporate Bodies
Group 3 Entities:
Concept, Place, Event, Object … plus …
21
Group 1 Entities
“WEMI”
“IMEW”
22
An abstraction: a distinct intellectual or artistic creation
WORK
Another abstraction: the intellectual or artistic
realization of a work
is realized through
EXPRESSION
is embodied in
MANIFESTATION
The physical embodiment of an expression of a work
is exemplified by
ITEM
a single exemplar of a manifestation
23
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
WORK
Roald Dahl’s text
is realized through
EXPRESSION
is embodied in
MANIFESTATION
published by Knopf in 1964
is exemplified by
ITEM
ED-P’s copy with call # PZ7 Da44 C4
24
A Moment for Questions,
Reflection, and Oxygen
followed by
A Detailed Look at
Individual Group 1 Entities
and their Attributes
25
Group 1 Entity: WORK
26
a WORK is …
• A work is an abstract entity, an idea in the
mind of a creator
• A distinct artistic or intellectual creation
• There is no material or physical object
• It is realized through expressions
27
What’s a WORK?
28
Identify the WORK
A. Ivan Argüelles’ That Goddess
B. Queen’s Bohemian Rhapsody
C. An autographed copy of Green Eggs &
Ham
D. Foucault’s Pendulum, an English
translation of Umberto Eco’s Pendolo di
Foucault
E. An audio recording of The Agony & The
Ecstasy
29
WORK Attributes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Title
Form
Date
Intended Termination
Intended Audience
Context
Medium of
Performance (musical
work)
• Numeric Designation
(musical work)
• Key (musical work)
• Coordinates
(cartographic work)
• Equinox (cartographic
work)
• Other Distinguishing
Characteristic
30
Identify the Work attributes
008 830811 1981 nyu j
eng u
090 PS3573|b.Wi442V5.1981
100 10 Willard, Nancy.
245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced
travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen
250 1st ed
260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981
300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm
520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive
at William Blake's inn
600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature.
650 0 Children's poetry, American.
Location/Call
650 0 American poetry.
No. EducationPsychology Children's Lit
700 10 Provensen, Alice.
Coll
700 10 Provensen, Martin.
PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981
31
Group 1 Entity: EXPRESSION
32
The EXPRESSION
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Alpha-numeric notation in a specific language
Musical notation
Choreographic notation
Sound
Image
Object
Movement
Or any combination of such forms
33
“An expression is
the specific
intellectual or
artistic form that a
work takes each
time it is realized.”
FRBR p.19
34
Identify the EXPRESSION
A. Spanish translation of Ivan Argüelles’
That Goddess
B. Performance of Queen’s Bohemian
Rhapsody
C. An autographed copy of Green Eggs &
Ham
D. Umberto Eco’s Pendolo di Foucault
E. An audio recording of The Agony & The
Ecstasy
35
35
What is the RELATIONSHIP between an
EXPRESSION and a WORK?
WORK
is realized
through
is the
realization of
EXPRESSION
The logical relationship between Work & Expression
is the first of the 3 Primary WEMI Relationships
36
EXPRESSION Attributes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Title
Form
Date
Language
Extensibility
Revisability
Extent
• Context
• Summarization of
Content
• Critical Response to
the expression
• Use restrictions on
the expression
37
EXPRESSION Attributes, cont’d.
Serials: Sequencing pattern, Expected
regularity of issue, Expected frequency of issue
Musical notation: Type of score, Medium of
performance
Cartographic images/objects: Scale,
Projection, Presentation technique,
Representation of relief, etc.
38
Identify the Expression attributes
008 830811 1981 nyu j
eng u
090 PS3573|b.Wi442V5.1981
100 10 Willard, Nancy.
245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced
travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen
250 1st ed
260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981
300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm
520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive
at William Blake's inn
600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature.
650 0 Children's poetry, American.
Location/Call
650 0 American poetry.
No. EducationPsychology Children's Lit
700 10 Provensen, Alice.
Coll
700 10 Provensen, Martin.
PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981
39
Barcode: B000511019
Group 1 Entity: MANIFESTATION
40
a MANIFESTATION is ...
• The physical embodiment of an expression of
a work.
• It represents all the physical objects that bear
the same characteristics in terms of
intellectual content and physical form.
• Whether production is small or large, the set
of all the copies produced in each case is a
single manifestation.
41
Identify the MANIFESTATION
1.
Robert Elmer’s Archery
2.
Robert Elmer’s Archery published in
Philadelphia by Penn Pub. Co. in 1933
MAIN’s copy of Archery by Robert Elmer
published in Philadelphia by Penn Pub. Co.
in 1933 with call # GV1185 .E43 MAIN
Archery; a poem by James Ogden.
[Manchester] : Printed for the author,
1793.
3.
4.
42
MANIFESTATION Attributes
• title of the manifestation
• statement of
responsibility
• edition/issue designation
• place of
publication/distribution
• publisher/distributor
• date of
publication/distribution
• fabricator/manufacturer
• series statement
• form of carrier
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
extent of the carrier
physical medium
capture mode
dimensions of the carrier
manifestation identifier
source for
acquisition/access
authorization
terms of availability
access restrictions on the
manifestation
typeface (printed book)
43
type size (printed book)
Manifestation Attributes, cont’d.
• color (image)
• reduction ratio (microform)
• polarity (microform or visual
projection)
• generation (microform or visual
projection)
• presentation format (visual
projection)
• system requirements (eresource)
• file characteristics (e-resource)
• mode of access (remote access
e- resource)
• access address (remote access
e-resource)
HAND-PRINTED BOOKS:
• Collation
• Foliation
SOUND RECORDINGS:
• playing speed
• groove width
• kind of cutting
• tape configuration
• kind of sound
• special reproduction
characteristic
SERIALS:
• publication status
• numbering
44
Identify the Manifestation attributes
008 830811 1981 nyu j
eng u
090 PS3573|b.Wi442V5.1981
100 10 Willard, Nancy.
245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced
travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen
250 1st ed
260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981
300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm
520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive
at William Blake's inn
600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature.
650 0 Children's poetry, American.
Location/Call
650 0 American poetry.
No. EducationPsychology Children's Lit
700 10 Provensen, Alice.
Coll
700 10 Provensen, Martin.
PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981
45
What is the RELATIONSHIP between a
MANIFESTATION and an EXPRESSION?
EXPRESSION
is embodied
in
embodies
MANIFESTATION
The logical relationship between EXPRESSION &
MANIFESTATION is the second of the
3 Primary WEMI Relationships
46
Group 1 Entity: ITEM
47
Group 1 Entity: ITEM
• An item is a concrete entity
• It is a single exemplar of a
manifestation
48
Identify the ITEM
1. The buffalo book: the full saga of the American
animal / David Dary [S.l.] : Swallow, [1974]
2. Christopher Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus
3. Catalog Department Reference Area’s LCSH in
6 vols.
4. Willy Wonka & the chocolate factory DVD 1723
held by MRC
49
49
ITEM Attributes
• Item Identifier
• Fingerprint
• Provenance of the
item
• Marks/inscriptions
• Exhibition history
• Condition of the
item
• Treatment history
• Scheduled
treatment
• Access restrictions
50
Identify the Item attributes
008 830811 1981 nyu j
eng u
100 10 Willard, Nancy.
245 12 A visit to William Blake's inn :|bpoems for innocent and experienced
travelers /|cby Nancy Willard ; illustrated by Alice and Martin Provensen
250 1st ed
260 0 New York :|bHarcourt Brace Jovanovich,|cc1981
300 44 p. :|bcol. ill. ;|c26 cm
520 A collection of poems describing the curious menagerie of guests who arrive
at William Blake's inn
600 10 Blake, William,|d1757-1827|xIn literature|vJuvenile literature.
650 0 Children's poetry, American.
650 0 American poetry.
Location/Call
No. Education700 10 Provensen, Alice.
Psychology Children's Lit
700 10 Provensen, Martin.
Coll
PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981
Barcode: B00051101951
Item Attribute?
Location/Call No.
Education-Psychology Children's Lit Coll
PS3573 .Wi442V5.1981
Barcode: B000511019
RELATIONSHIP: owner
52
What is the RELATIONSHIP between a
MANIFESTATION and an ITEM?
exemplifies
MANIFESTATION
is
exemplified
by
ITEM
The logical relationship between MANIFESTATION &
ITEM is the third of the 3 Primary WEMI Relationships
53
Poem “Leaves of Grass”
WORK
Walt Whitman’s text
is realized through
EXPRESSION
publication of Whitman
poems by Thayer and
Eldridge
in 1879 or 1880
is embodied in
MANIFESTATION
is exemplified by
ITEM
BANC’s copy with call # PS3201 1879
54
The Will to Clarity
55
WORK Also Sprach
Zarathustra by
Friedrich Nietzsche
Expression 1
original
German text
Expression
2 English
translation
Item 1.UCB MAIN
Copy 1
C042182560
Manifestation 1.
Published by
Alfred Kroner
1953
Manifestation 2.
Published by
Thistle Press
1964
Manifestation 2B.
Published by Macmillan
1916 – digitized by
HathiTrust
Item 1B.UCB
MAIN Copy 2
C070436387
Item 2. UCB BANC
no barcode
Item 2B. UCB
online resource
56
Differentiating Between
Different Works
57
Didn’t Richard Strauss Compose
“Also Sprach Zarathustra”?
Or, When is a Work a new Work,
or the same Work?
58
“…variant texts incorporating revisions or
updates to an earlier text are viewed simply as
expressions of the same work. Similarly,
abridgements or enlargements of an existing text
or the addition of parts or an accompaniment to
a musical composition are also considered to be
different expressions of the same work.
Translations from one language to another,
musical transcriptions and arrangements, and
dubbed or subtitled versions of a film are also
considered different expressions of the same
original work.” FRBR p.17-18
59
On the other hand…
“… when the modification of a work involves a
significant degree of independent intellectual or
artistic effort, the result is viewed … as a new work.
Thus, paraphrases, rewritings, adaptations for
children, parodies, musical variations on a theme
and free transcriptions of a musical composition are
considered to represent new works. Similarly,
adaptations of a work from one literary or art form
to another (e.g. dramatizations, adaptations from
one medium of the graphic arts to another, etc.) are
considered to represent new works. Abstracts,
digests, and summaries are also considered to
represent new works.” FRBR p.18
60
Same Work, Different
Expression
revisions, updates,
abridgements,
enlargements,
addition of parts, or
an accompaniment,
translations from one
language to another,
musical transcriptions,
arrangements,
dubbed, or subtitled
versions
New Work
paraphrases, rewritings,
adaptations for children,
parodies, musical
variations on a theme,
free transcriptions of a
composition, adaptations
from one literary or art
form to another,
abstracts, digests, and
summaries
61
Family of Works
Equivalent
Microform
Reproduction
on diagram in “Bibliographic Relationships,” Barbara B. Tillett. Ch. 2 in: Relationships in the Organization of
Knowledge, edited by
Carol A. Bean and Rebecca Green. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, p. 19-35.
1Based
Free
Translation
Edition
Simultaneous
“Publication”
Abridged
Edition
Copy
Revision
Exact
Reproduction
Translation
Facsimile
Reprint
Original
Work-- Same
Expression
Descriptive
Derivative
Variations or
Versions
Illustrated
Edition
Casebook
Summary
Abstract Dramatization Criticism
Digest Novelization
Screenplay
Libretto
Evaluation
Change of Genre
Parody
Imitation
Expurgated
Edition
Arrangement
Slight
Modification
Review
Same Style or
Thematic Content
Annotated
Edition
Commentary
Adaptation
Same Work –
Cataloging Rules New Work
New Expression
Cut-Off Point
62
Same Work or New Work?
WORK: Bach’s The Art of the Fugue
a) Original score written for organ
b) Arrangement for organ and flute
c) Choreography for 12 dancers
WORK: A Visit to William Blake’s Inn
d) Screenplay
e) Translation into French
f) Braille
63
The FRBR Model
In an entity-relationship (ER) model 3 things exist:
Entities
are things (physical or abstract)
Attributes
are properties/characteristics of either
entities or relationships
Relationships
are interactions among entities
64
Group 2 Entities
“PFC”
65
We’re going to leave FRBR for a bit and
visit its cousin FRAD
66
Functional Requirements for Authority Data
“FRAD”
67
Group 2 Entities
Persons, families, and corporate
bodies are responsible for:
a. the intellectual or artistic content,
b. the physical production and
dissemination,
c. and the custodianship of
the entities in the Group 1.
68
FRAD (Functional Requirements for
Authority Data) User Tasks
–Find: Find an entity or set of entities
corresponding to stated criteria
–Identify: Identify an entity
–Clarify (Justify): Document the authority
record creator’s reason for choosing the name
or form of name on which an access point is
based.
–Contextualize (Understand): Place a person,
corporate body, work, etc. in context
69
FRAD Attributes of a Person
• (Name)
• Title of person
• Dates associated with
the person
• Gender
• Place of birth
• Place of death
• Country
•
•
•
•
•
•
Place of residence
Affiliation
Address
Language of person
Field of activity
Profession /
occupation
• Biography / history
• Other informational
elements associated
with the person
70
FRAD Attributes for Families and
Corporate Bodies
•
•
•
•
•
•
FAMILIES
(Name)
Type of family
Dates of family
Places associated
with family
Field of activity
History of family
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CORPORATE BODIES
(Name)
Place associated
Dates associated
Language of the corporate
body
Address
Field of activity
History
Other information
71
GROUP 2 ENTITES and
RESPONSIBILITY RELATIONSHIPS
to GROUP 1 ENTITES
WORK
EXPRESSION
MANIFESTATION
ITEM
GROUP 2
IS OWNED BY
IS PRODUCED BY
PERSON
FAMILY
IS REALIZED BY
IS CREATED BY
CORP BODY
72
FRBR Group 3 Entities
• Concepts
• Objects
• Events
• Places
• Group 1 entities (WEMI)
• Group 2 entities (PFC)
73
Relationships
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
74
“… relationships serve as
the vehicle for depicting
the link between one
entity and another … ”
FRBR p.55
75
Relationships, cont’d.
Three other major types of relationships:
1. between a person, family or corporate
body and a resource
2. between one resource and another
resource
3. between a person, family or corporate
body and another person, family or
corporate body
76
Death of a
Salesman (Work)
Original text in
English (E)
Is created by
Arthur Miller
Spoken word in
English (E)
Text in Danish
translation (E)
Is translated
by someone
Charles
Scribner's
Sons, c2003 (M)
Caedmon,
p1965 (M)
Gyldendal,
1959 (M)
Is owned
by MAIN
ITEM
Is owned
by MAIN
Is narrated
by someone
ITEM
ITEM
Is owned
by 77
MRC
Example of Entity Relationships and
FRBR
Group 2 PFC
Creator (author)
to
Group 1 WEMI
Work
Contributor (editor)
Expression
Manufacturer (Printer)
Manifestation
Owner (Current owner)
Item
78
Relationships Between
Group 1, 2, & 3 Entities
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Between a concept & a work
Between an object & a person
Between a place & a corporate body
Between a work & a work
Between a family & a concept
79
What kind of Relationship and between
which FRBR Groups?
1. Flowers in literature and the work: California wild
flowers in verse and picture.
SUBJECT Relationship - GROUP 3 to GROUP 1
2. Sculpture “Adam & Eve” and artist Mary Murchio
CREATOR Relationship - GROUP 2 to GROUP 1
3. Book Pygmalion and movie My Fair Lady
DERIVATIVE WORK Relationship - GROUP 1 to GROUP 1
4. Astor Family and Manhattan
SUBJECT Relationship - GROUP 2 to GROUP 3
80
Expression
Translation of
Work
Item
Exemplar of
Manifestation
Work
Created by
Person
Item
Owned by
Family
Manifestation
Produced by
Corporate Body
Work
Based on
Work
Manifestation
Reproduction of
Manifestation
Person
Member of
Family
Corporate Body
Founded by
Family
81
Which of the following are the 4 Group 1
entities and which are the 3 Group 2
entities?
a. Works
b. Titles
c. Persons
d. Expressions
e. Events
f. Friends
g. Families
h. Manifestations
i. Manufacturers
j. Examples
k. Corporate Bodies
l. Items
m. Implementations
82
What am I
supposed to
with all this
information?
83
See slides for RDA DAY 1 part 2 web
version
84