IP Network Basics
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Course Objectives
• Grasp the basic knowledge of network
• Understand network evolution history and classification of
network
• Grasp OSI model and each layer’s function
• Grasp the function of different kind of network devices and its
position
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Course Outline
• Chapter I Network Overview
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model
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Course Contents
• Chapter I Network Overview
Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network
Section 2 Classification of Network
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Definition of Network
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Computer network refers to interconnect ion of separately distributed
computers and external communication equipments to form a system
for easy information exchanging and resource sharing among
multiple pieces of computers.
Server
IP Hotel
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Mobile
Network Evolution History
Phase 1：
50’s－ 60’s
Phase 2：70’s－
Phase 4：
80’s
80’s till now
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Course Contents
• Chapter I Network Overview
Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network
Section 2 Classification of Network
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Classification of Network
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metro Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
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LAN
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LAN
usually covers an area of several kilometers and integrated
several independent data devices to enable users to share
network resources.
Features:
short distance, low latency, high data-transmitting rate
and reliable transmission.

The infrastructures of LAN include servers, clients, network
equipments and communication media.
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MAN

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MAN usually covers an area of several kilometers to
hundreds of kilometers

Data transmission rate ranged from several Kbit/s to several
Gbit/s

Optical fiber is the best transmission media of MAN
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WAN
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WAN is mainly used to connect LANs, and provide data
communication within wide areas.

WAN covers an area of hundreds to thousands of
kilometers.

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Course Contents
• Chapter I Network Overview
Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network
Section 2 Classification of Network
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Course Contents
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview
Section 2 Physical Layer
Section 3 Data-link Layer
Section 4 Network Layer
Section 5 Transport Layer
Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer
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OSI Reference Model Overview

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OSI RM：Open System Interconnection Reference Model
Application Layer
Data Transmission
between Hosts
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Data Transmission
between Networks
Network Layer
Data-link Layer
Physical Layer
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Functions of Each Layer
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7
Provide communication between
application programs
Application Layer
6
Process data format and encryption
Presentation Layer
Establish, maintain and manage sessions Session Layer
5
Establish end-to-end connection
Transport Layer
4
Addressing and routing
Network Layer
3
Provide media access and link
management
Data-link Layer
2
Bit stream transmission
Physical Layer
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1
Relationship between Each Layer of OSI Model
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APDU
Application Layer
Application Layer
PPDU
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Presentation Layer
SPDU
Segment
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Packet
Network Layer
Network Layer
Frame
Data-link Layer
Physical Layer
Data-link Layer
Bits
Physical Layer
Only peer layers with same protocol are able to communicate.
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Data Encapsulation
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Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Upper Layer Data
TCP Header
Transport
Layer
Upper Layer Data
Network
Layer
IP Header
Upper Layer Data
LLC Header
Upper Layer Data
FCS
MAC Header
Upper Layer Data
FCS
0101110101001000010
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PDU
Data-link Layer
Physical
Layer
Segment
Packet
Frame
Bits
Data De-encapsulation
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Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Upper Layer Data
Transport Layer
Upper Layer Data
Network
Layer
TCP+ Upper Layer Data
IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
Data-link Layer
LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
Physical
Layer
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0101110101001000010
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Study Contents
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview
Section 2 Physical Layer
Section 3 Data-link Layer
Section 4 Network Layer
Section 5 Transport Layer
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Physical Layer
Physical Layer is the first and bottom layer of OSI
Reference Model.


Physical Layer mainly provides bit stream transmission.
• Moves bits between devices
Physical Layer • Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables
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Function of Physical Layer
Physical Layer also defines:
Media
Type
Connector
Signal
Type
Type
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Ethernet/802.3
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10Base2—Ethernet thin-wire
10Base5—Ethernet thick-wire
Host
HUB
10BaseT—TP
Host
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HUB
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
HUB works on Physical Layer

The work stations connected via HUB are physically Star
Topology but Bus Topology logically.


All devices are in one Collision Domain

The more terminals, the more collisions

All devices share the bandwidth
Collision Domain：an assembling of all the workstations on the
same cable or of all the nodes on the same physical segment or a
group of nodes contending the same bandwidth.
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Internal
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For Internal
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Study Contents
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview
Section 2 Physical Layer
Section 3 Data-link Layer
Section 4 Network Layer
Section 5 Transport Layer
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Data-link Layer

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Data-link Layer is the second layer of OSI Reference Model
Mainly responsible to precisely transmit the data packet to Network
Layer of destination host.

Data-link
Layer
Physical
Layer
• Combines packets into bytes and bytes to
frames
• Provides access to media using MAC address
• Performs error detection not correction
• Moves bits between devices
• Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables
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Function of Data-link Layer
Data-link Layer defines:

Physical source and destination addresses

Define network topology

Control of frame order

Flow Control
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MAC Address
# Bytes
8
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6
Preamble
Destination
address
00.d0.d0
The manufacturer
code assigned by
IEEE
6
Source
address
2
Length
xx.xx.xx
Distributed by
manufacturer
MAC address
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Variable Length
Data
4
FCS
Ethernet II uses
“Type” in this
field.
Switch/Bridge

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Layer 2 Switch and Bridge work on Data-link Layer
Each
network segment connected to each port is an
individual Collision Domain
All
network segments are in one Broadcast Domain
Broadcast Domain：assembly of nodes that receive same
broadcast message, able to be classified into one logical network
segment with other broadcast nodes.

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Internal
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For Internal
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Study Contents
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview
Section 2 Physical Layer
Section 3 Data-link Layer
Section 4 Network Layer
Section 5 Transport Layer
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Network Layer
Network
Layer
• Provides logic addressing which
routers use for path determination
Data-link
Layer
• Combines packets into bytes and bytes to
frames
• Provides access to media using MAC address
• Performs error detection not correction
Physical
Layer
• Moves bits between devices
• Specifies voltage, rate and pin-out cables
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IP
IPX
802.3 / 802.2
HDLC
EIA/TIA-232
V.35
Functions of Network Layer

Defines Logical
Address
 Addressing
Routing
Network
Layer
and
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IP, IPX
802.2
Data-link
Layer
Physical
Layer
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FR
HDLC
802.3
EIA/TIA-232
v.35
Logical Address(1)
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Network Layer address is globally unique, constituted
by two parts: Network address and Host address.
Network address
Host address
10.
8.2.48
IP
address
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Logical Address(2)
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Address
Mask
172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0
Binary Address
Binary Mask
172
16
10101100
00010000
255
255
0
11111111
11111111
00000000
Network
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122
204
01111010
11001100
0
Host
00000000
Router
Functions:

Logical routing

Select best routing path

Broadcast control

Multicast Control

Flow Control
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Course Contents
• Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview
Section 2 Physical Layer
Section 3 Data-link Layer
Section 4 Network Layer
Section 5 Transport Layer
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Transport Layer
Transport
Layer
Network
Layer
Data-link
Layer
Physical
Layer
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• Provides reliable or unreliable delivery
• Performs error correction before
retransmit
TCP
UDP
SPX
• Provides logical addressing,
which routers use for path determination
IP
IPX
• Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames
• Provides access to media using MAC address
• Performs error detection not correction
802.3 / 802.2
HDLC
• Moves bits between devices
• Specifies voltage, rate, and pin-out cables
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EIA/TIA-232
V.35
Function of Transport Layer
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Functions:

Segment Upper Layer Data

Establish end-to-end connection between application programs

Flow control

Connection-oriented and connectionless Communication
Transport
Layer
Network
Layer
TCP
UDP
IP
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SPX
IPX
Connection-oriented Session
Sender
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Receiver
Synchronizing
Acknowledgement, Synchronizing
Acknowledgement
Connection Established
Data Transmission
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Summary

Definition of Network

Network Evolution History

Classification of Networks

OSI Model and Functions of Each Layer

Common Network Devices
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