Ecology Review
Please follow the slides in order to complete your
study guide for the test!!!
First, lets review the hierarchy of
ecology.
 The largest part is known as the BIOSPHERE.
 Bio= Life
Biosphere
Biome
 Biomes are the second part of the ecological hierarchy.
Ecosystems
 Areas with specific Biotic (Living) and Abiotic(non-living) factors.
 Look at the picture, name two biotic factors and two abiotic factors.
Communities
 A community is a group of interacting populations of a
species. For example Zebra, Lions, and Grass all interact.
Populations
 A group of the same organisms living in the same place at the
same time.
Organism
 Organism: One individual
Next, lets look at food Chains
 A food web shows one path for energy to flow through an
ecosystem. Answer the questions regarding food chains.
Food Webs
 A food web is a group of over lapping food chains. Please
answer the following regarding food webs.
Carrying Capacity
 The number of organisms that exist safely in an ecosystem.
Over-population
 When a species grows beyond the limits of its ecosystem.
Population Density
 The number of organisms per given area.
 Example: The population density in Tokyo Japan is 89,000
people per square mile.
Limiting-Factor
 Any factor Biotic or Abiotic that limits the population of a
species.
Symbiosis
 A relationship involving two species that live in close contact
with each other.
Commensalism
 When one organisms benefits and the other is not harmed
nor helped.
Mutualism
 A relationship in which both organisms benefit.
Parasitism
 When one organism is helped and the other is harmed.
Adaptation
 An adaptation is any change in an organism that benefits its
survival.
 Structural adaptations are changes in an organisms body
that help them survive.
 Behavioral adaptations are changes in an organisms
behavior that help them survive.
Types of Consumers
 Producer: Autotroph: creates its own food.
 Primary Consumer: Heterotroph: Eats producers/
herbivore.
 Secondary Consumer: Heterotroph: Carnivore
 Tertiary Consumer: Heterotroph: Carnivore
Decomposer
 Brings down organic waste in the environment.
Please review your notes and the
slides.
 I am sure you will do great on the exam tomorrow.
Remember your test is timed, just like we practiced. You
will have 10 minutes for the multiple choice and 20 for the
open response.
 Do not spend all your time on (Know Do Prove). Use know
do prove to jot down your ideas and organize thoughts.
 Use all the vocabulary and be sure to answer all parts of the
question.
Invasive Species
 Organisms that do not belong in an ecosystem. They cause
harm.
 Kudzu
 Humans
 Zebra Mussels
 Pythons in Florida
 African Honeybee (killerbee)
Work Cited
 http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=one+zebra&view=detail&id=04A27
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3B056B189B4D6E422AA66EE38710870327C&first=31&FORM=IDFRIR
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/ent425/images/tutorials/ecology/trophic
_levels/foodweb.gif
http://collinsbiomes.wikispaces.com/file/view/food_web_julie.png/133056
829/food_web_julie.png
http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/paha_l/paha_l1103/paha_l11030046
6/9111950-family-of-three-people-walking-along-beach-sunny-autumn-day.jpg
http://goodnature.nathab.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Wolves-chaseelk.jpg
http://www.agr.state.il.us/programs/bees/images/bee_with_flower.jpg
http://goeshealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/malaria-parasite.jpg