Ottawa Mandarin School
Adult Class 2012-13
Instructor: Daniel C. Lee
Week 02: September 22, 2012
• Pronunciation
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Pinyin
Zhuyin
1
Review of tones
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1234
4321
1313
3131
2424
4242
11 11 111
22 22 222
44 44 444
33 33 333 (23 23 323)
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44 12 131
11 23 422
11 24 214
44 11 442
12 24 321
13 12 242
34 21 224
11 34 421
141 434 1132
1111 1 13 1
2
季姬擊雞記 Miss Ji hits chicken
季姬寂，集雞，雞即棘雞。棘雞饑嘰，
季姬及箕稷濟雞。雞既濟，躋姬笈，
季姬忌，急咭雞，雞急，繼圾幾，
季姬急，即籍箕擊雞，箕疾擊幾伎，
伎即齏，雞嘰集幾基，季姬急極屐擊雞，
雞既殛，季姬激，即記《季姬擊雞記》。
3
Review
WHAT
什麼
WHERE
什麼地方
WHEN
什麼時候
WHY
為什麼
HOW
怎麼
哪裡
Next week: Pronunciation (Pinyin)
4
Pronunciation 發音
• Mainland Chinese uses Pinyin (拼音) based on Roman
characters.
• Before the Communist regime invented Pinyin, there was
Zhuyin (注音), which is based on independent symbols.
• Pinyin is easy for Roman-character-based foreign language
users, but it has inevitable pitfalls due on the limited number
of Roman characters. You will encounter
– the same Roman letter pronounced in multiple ways (i, e, u, etc.)
– mismatch of usual pronunciation (q, x, ch, sh, etc.)
5
Pinyin
Consonants that are pronounced similarly as in English:
b, p, m, f,
d, t, n*, l,
g, k, h
j, r, s
y, w
Note: Not all pinyin “n” is the English n.
6
Pinyin - easily confused consonants
q = ch
X = sh (very flat)
zh = dr
ch = tr
z = tz(ds)
c = ts
China, Chinese, chore, chance, chicken
She, ship, sheep, sheet, shore, shoot
drive, dry, drill, draw, dream, drink
train, tragic, try, trick, tree, trouble
friends, beads, stands, finds, understands
students, bits, sits, loots, hates, bites
7
Pinyin - easily confused consonants
sh = no such sound in English
Think in line of zh (dr) and ch (tr). Let the air out without any
funny vibration in your mouth.
8
施氏食獅史 Mr. Shi eats lion
石室詩士施氏，嗜獅，誓食十獅。
施氏時時適市視獅。十時，適十獅適市。
是時，適施氏適市。氏視是十獅，
恃矢勢，使是十獅逝世。氏拾是十獅屍，
適石室。石室濕，氏使侍拭石室。
石室拭，氏始試食是十獅。食時，
始識是十獅，實十石獅屍。試釋是事。
9
Pinyin – easy vowels
a
ai
ao
an
ang
= aah
Ah, dark, mark, bark, yard, tar, jar
= ai*
= au
= aan
= aang
pai (), dice, like, line, nice, Einstein
tau(), foul, rout, about, shout
Ah, dark, mark, bark, yard, tar, jar
pai (), dice, like, line, nice, Einstein
10
Pinyin – easy vowels
ei
er
o
ou
= ay
= er
= o(short)
= o(long)
pay, day, lay, lake, quake, fade
mister, eraser, later, officer, racer
dot, mock, hot, lot, lock, fought
alphabat “O”
11
Pinyin – confusing vowels
e
e
en
eng
=e
bet, net, jet, leg, egg, let, their, messy
=e
= en
= eng
the, little, fiddle, middle, sizes, prizes
bitten, quicken, chicken, kitchen, fasten
no such words in English
Think of bitteng, quicken, chickeng, etc.
12
Pinyin – confusing vowels
i
i
u
u/v
= ee
=x
= oo(long)
=ü
bee, tea, deed, meat, lease, feet
No such thing!
loose, tooth, loot, truth
No such sound in English
Common in other European languages
13
Pinyin & Zhuyin
ㄅb ㄆp ㄇm ㄈf
ㄍg ㄎk ㄏh
ㄓ zh ㄔ ch ㄕ sh ㄖ r
ㄉd ㄊt ㄋn ㄌ
ㄐj ㄑq ㄒx
ㄗz ㄘc ㄙs
l
ㄚa ㄛo ㄜe ㄝe
ㄞ ai ㄟ ei ㄠ ao ㄡ ou
ㄢ an ㄣ en ㄤ ang ㄥ eng ㄦ er
ㄧ (y)i ㄨ (w)u ㄩ yu
14
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
b (ㄅ)
ba, bai, ban, bao, bang
bei, ben, beng
bi, bian, biao, bie, bin, bing
bo* (pronunced more similar to buo)
bu
15
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
c (ㄘ) = ts
ca, cai, can, cao, cang
cen, ceng
ci*
cong
cu, cui, cuo
16
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
ch (ㄔ) = tr
cha, chai, chan, chao, chang
che, chen, cheng
chou, chong
chu, chuan, chuen, chui, chuo
17
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
d (ㄉ)
da, dai, dan, dao, dang
de, dei, deng
di, dia, dian, diao, die, diu, ding
du, duan, duen, dui, duo
18
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
f (ㄈ)
fa, fan, fang
fei, fen, feng
fo, fong
fu
19
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
g (ㄍ)
ga, gai, gan, gao, gang
ge, gei, gen, beng
gou, gong
gu, gua, guan, gui, guo
20
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
h (ㄏ)
ha, hai, han, hao, hang
he, hei, hen, heng
hou, hong
hu, hua, huan, hui, huo
21
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
j (ㄐ)
ji, jia, jian, jiao, jie, jiu, jin, jing
jiong (in zhuyin, ㄐㄩㄥ or “juong”)
jü (ㄩ, not ㄨ), juan, jue (all ü, not u)
22
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
k (ㄎ)
ka, kai, kan, kao, kang
ke, ken, keng
kou, kong
ku, kua, kuan, kui, kuo
23
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
l (ㄌ)
la, lai, lan, lao, lang
le, lei, leng
li, lian, liao, lie, liu, lin, ling
lou, long
lu, luan, lue(ㄩㄝ), luo
24
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
m (ㄇ)
ma, mai, man, mao, mang
mei, men, meng (southern accent: mong)
mi, mian, miao, mie, min, ming
mo, mou
mu, muo
25
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
n (ㄋ)
na, nai, nan, nao, nang
ne, nei, neng
*ni, *nian, *niu, *ning
nong
nu, nuan, nuo
26
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
p (ㄆ)
pa, pai, pan, pao, pang
pei, pen, peng
pi, pian, piao, pie, pin, ping
po* (pronunced more similar to puo)
pu
p.s. compare p with b (the vowels that go with them are
exactly identical)
27
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
q (ㄑ) = ch
qi, qia, qian, qiao, qian, qiu, qin, qing
qiong
qü (ㄩ, not ㄨ), quan, que (all ü, not u)
28
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
r (ㄖ)
ran, rao, rang
re, ren, reng
rou, rong
ru, ruan, rui, ruo
29
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
s (ㄙ)
sa, sai, san, sao, sang
se, sen, seng
si*
sou, song
su, suan, suen, sui, suo
30
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
sh (ㄕ)
sha, shai, shao, shan, shang
she, shei, shen, sheng
shi*
shou
shu, shuan, shuen, shui, shuo
31
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
t (ㄊ)
ta, tai, tan, tao, tang
te, teng
ti, tian, tiao, tie, ting
tu, tuan, tuen, tui, tuo
32
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
w(v) (ㄨ)
wa (wua), wai, wan, wang
wei, wen (wuen), weng
wo, wong
wu, wui
33
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
x (ㄒ) = sh
xi, xia, xian, xiao, xie, xiu, xin, xing
xiong (xuong)
xü (ㄩ, not ㄨ), xuan, xue (all ü, not u)
34
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
y (ㄧ)
ya, yai, yao, yan, yang
ye*
yü, yuan, yue (all ü)
35
Drills
for each of the consonants,
practice their combos with vowels and 4 tones
z (ㄗ) = tz
za, zai, zan, zao, zang
ze, zeng
zi*
zou, zong
zu, zuan, zuen, zui, zuo
36