SAMPLE ASSESSMENT TASKS
HUMAN BIOLOGY
GENERAL YEAR 11
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© School Curriculum and Standards Authority, 2014
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2014/19757v3
1
Sample assessment task
Human Biology – General Year 11
Task 3 – Unit 1
Assessment type: Science Inquiry
Conditions
Period allowed for completion of the task:
 One lesson pre-dissection discussion
 One lesson conducting dissection
 One week to complete laboratory report write up and questions on dissection
Task weighting: 7% of the school mark for Units 1 and 2
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Task 3: Practical – Heart dissection
(32 marks)
Conduct a dissection of a sheep heart and write a scientific report about your dissection, as described
below.
1. Conduct dissection
Follow the instructions to complete dissection.
Make diagrams and take photos of your dissection showing key parts of the process. Identify in your
diagrams/photos key parts and components, for use in your report.
2. Process, evaluate and communicate findings
Complete report on dissection by answering the questions provided.
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
2
Sheep heart dissection
The heart is one of the most important organs in the body. It continually pumps blood around the body
through our arteries, capillaries and veins. It supplies the cells of our body with necessary oxygen and
nutrients for the cells to function properly.
In this dissection, you will be examining a sheep heart, looking closely at the heart chambers, valves and
blood vessels. Use your notes and textbooks to answer the questions at the end of the dissection.
Conduct dissection:
Materials:
 sheep heart
 dissecting kit – scalpel, scissors, probe, tweezers
 dissecting board
 disposable gloves
 2 x red and 2 x blue pencils/straws
 iPad/iPod/camera/mobile phone
Procedure:
Initial examination
 Collect equipment listed above.
 Inspect the sheep heart and identify the left and right side of the heart. Remember the left side of
the heart should be on your right side as you look at the heart.
 Position your heart on the dissecting board matching the diagram.




Locate the apex of the heart and measure the length of the heart from top to bottom.
Record the length: __________________
Lay the heart with the apex closest to you and the groove with a blood vessel travelling diagonally
from the right side of the wide part of the heart to a point just above and to the left of the apex.
You should be able to locate some openings into the heart. These are the arteries and veins that
carry blood to and from the lungs and to and from the body.
The red pencils/straws are to represent oxygenated blood and the blue pencils/straws are to
represent deoxygenated blood. Place the pencils/straws in the appropriate positions showing the
pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta and vena cava.
Photo 1: Take a photo of your heart with pencils/straws inserted
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
3
Dissecting the right atrium
 Remove the pencils from the heart.
 Insert your probe into the superior vena cava. This should be on the right side of the top of the
heart. This is the right atrium.
 Remove the probe and insert the dissecting scissors/scalpel and cut down through the heart until
you reach the bottom of this chamber.
 Locate the valves that separate the atrium from the ventricles.
Photo 2: Take a photo of the valves
1. What is the purpose of these valves?
(1 mark)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Dissecting the right ventricle
 Continue using your scissors/scalpel to cut down through the heart valve into the right ventricle.
 Locate the valves of the pulmonary artery and cut upward through this until you find the valves of
the artery.
Photo 3: Take a photo of the valves
Dissecting the left atrium and ventricle
 Insert dissecting scissors/scalpel into the blood vessel located at the top of the heart. This is the
pulmonary vein. Cut down through the wall of the atrium until you reach the apex.
 Open the left atrium and examine the valve that separates the atrium from the ventricle.
 Examine the ventricle, especially the walls.
2. What is different about the left ventricle compared with the right ventricle?
(1 mark)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Photo 4: Take a photo of the walls of the ventricle.



This is the end of the dissection. Dispose of the heart as instructed and place all dissecting
equipment in the appropriate container.
Wipe down bench with disinfectant and wash your hands.
Complete the questions.
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
4
Process, evaluate and communicate findings
Questions:
3. Label the following diagram of the heart. Using coloured pencils, colour parts of the diagram of the
heart and use arrows to show the flow of deoxygenated blood (blue) and oxygenated blood (red)
through the heart.
(13 marks)
Place photo 1 here (1 mark)
Photo 1
4. Where does the blood from the right atrium come from?
(1 mark)
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Where does the blood from the right ventricle go to?
(1 mark)
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. Where does the blood from the left atrium come from?
(1 mark)
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. Where does the blood from the left ventricle go to?
(1 mark)
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. The heart is known as a double pump. Explain why it is known as a double pump.
(3 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
5
9. Are there any valves in other parts of the circulatory system? If so, where? Paste a copy of the
photos you took of the valves below.
(2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Place photo 2 here (1 mark)
Photo 2
Place photo 3 here (1 mark)
Photo 3
10. Compare the valves separating the right chambers of the heart with the valves separating the left
chambers of the heart.
(2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
11. When comparing the walls of the ventricles, why is the wall of the left ventricle different from the
wall of the right ventricle?
(2 marks)
Place photo 4 here (1 mark)
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Photo 4
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
6
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Image under ‘Conduct dissection’
Alexanderpiavas134 (n.d.). [Photograph of heart]. Retrieved June, 2014, from
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Humhrt2.jpg
Image under ‘Process, evaluate and communicate findings’
Adapted from: Lynch, P. J. (2006). Heart circulation simple diagram of heart chambers.
Retrieved June, 2014, from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heart_circulation_diagram.svg
Used under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic licence.
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
7
Marking key for sample assessment task 3
Questions
(32 marks)
1. What is the purpose of these valves?
Description
Keep blood flowing in one direction/stop backflow of blood
Mark
1
/1
Total
2. What is different about the left ventricle compared with the right ventricle?
Description
Mark
1
Left ventricle wall thicker than right
Total
/1
3. Label the following diagram of the heart. Using coloured pencils, colour parts of the diagram of the
heart and use arrows to show the flow of deoxygenated blood (blue) and oxygenated blood (red)
through the heart.
Description
Mark
One mark each correct
aorta
vena cava
pulmonary artery
right atrium
left atrium
right heart valve
1–9
left heart valve
right ventricle
left ventricle
 Correct colouring of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood heart chambers
 Correct direction of flow of blood
 Photo attached showing correct placement of coloured pencils
1–2
1–2
1
Total
/14
[Image adapted from: Lynch, P., J. (2006). Heart circulation simple diagram of heart chambers. Retrieved June, 2014, from
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heart_circulation_diagram.svg
Used under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic licence.]
4. Where does the blood from the right atrium come from?
Description
Mark
1
Body
Total
/1
5. Where does the blood from the right ventricle go to?
Description
Mark
1
Lungs
Total
/1
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
8
6. Where does the blood from the left atrium come from?
Description
Mark
1
Lungs
Total
/1
7. Where does the blood from the left ventricle go to?
Description
Mark
1
Body
Total
/1
8. The heart is known as a double pump. Explain why it is known as a double pump.
Description
First pump – blood moves from atria to ventricles
Second pump – blood goes from ventricles to lungs and body
Mark
1
1–2
Total
/3
9. Are there any valves in other parts of the circulatory system. If so where? Paste a copy of the photos
you took of the valves below.
Description
Mark
1–2
1–2
Yes, in the veins (and lymph vessels)
Mark for appropriate photo of two different valves – bicuspid, tricuspid valves
Total
/4
10. Compare the valves separating the right chambers of the heart with the valves separating the left
chambers of the heart.
Description
Mark
1
1
Right valve has three flaps/cusps
Left valve has two flaps/cusps
Total
/2
11. When comparing the walls of the ventricles, why is the wall of the left ventricle different from the
wall of the right ventricle?
Description
Left ventricle needs more strength to pump blood
further around body
Appropriate photo showing difference in thickness of ventricle walls
Mark
1–2
1
Total
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
/3
9
Sample assessment task
Human Biology – General Year 11
Task 10 – Unit 2
Assessment type: Extended response
Conditions
Time for the task:
Part 1: two lessons to research topic and complete notes
Task weighting
3% of the school mark for this pair of units
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Task 10: Research assignment – alcohol and smoking during pregnancy
(47 marks)
Increased understanding of the effects of smoking and consumption of alcohol during pregnancy on the
unborn child has resulted in education campaigns highlighting risks.
Research the following and complete the worksheet provided.





Find an advertisement addressing the risks of smoking during pregnancy and one that addresses
drinking alcohol during pregnancy and complete the worksheet.
Research what is in cigarette smoke.
Research the effects of smoking on the unborn child and the risks to the pregnancy.
Research the effects of drinking alcohol on the unborn child and risks to pregnancy.
Use your research notes to complete the questions on the worksheet.
*Note: all research should be based on Australian medical information
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
10
Anti-smoking and anti-drinking advertising
1. Complete the following table with information from the advertisements you researched.
Anti-smoking advert
Type of advert
(print, radio, TV)
Effects on unborn child
Effects on mother
Information to help mother
Impact of advertisement
(will it make a difference?)
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
(14 marks)
Anti-drinking advert
11
Effects of smoking during pregnancy
2. How many different chemicals are found in cigarettes? List the five (5) most harmful ones. (6 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. How do the chemicals you listed above affect the body?
(5 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. How do the risks of smoking during pregnancy affect the child when it is older?
(6 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
12
Effects of drinking alcohol during pregnancy
5. What are Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and what is
the difference between the two?
(10 marks)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
6. List three (3) typical facial characteristics of a child born with FAS.
(3 marks)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
7. What are three (3) other potential risks from drinking alcohol during pregnancy?
(3 marks)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
13
Marking key for sample assessment task 10
1. Complete the following table with information from the advertisements you researched
Anti-smoking advert
Type of advert
(print, radio, TV)
Effects on unborn child
Effects on mother
Information to help mother
Impact of advertisement
(will it make a difference?)
(14 marks)
Marks
No mark
0
Any three points:
 retarded growth and development
 increased risks of cleft palate
 deprived of oxygen
 stress on foetal heart
 decreased development and functioning of placenta
 normal development of brain and lungs affected by smoke
 decreased foetal movement for an hour immediately after
smoking
 increased risk of death in infancy (SIDS)
 low birth weight
Any other suitable effect on baby
Any three points:
 high risk of ectopic pregnancy
 increased chance of foetal death/stillbirth
 increased chance of miscarriage
 increased chance of problems with placenta – early
detachment, placenta praevia
 increased likelihood of premature rupture of membranes
 increased likelihood of premature labour/birth
Any other suitable effect on mother
 info/help line
 support material such as DVD
Any other relevant information identified to help mother quit
smoking
no mark
1–3
1–3
1
0
Total
Anti-drinking advert
Type of advert
(print, radio, TV)
No mark
Effects on unborn child
Any three points:
 damage to developing brain cells
 harm to development of nervous system
 leads to future problems with growth, learning and behaviour
 under-nourished
 changes to development of baby’s face leading to typical facial
features of foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
 abnormalities to heart and kidneys
 death before birth
Any other suitable answer
/7
Marks
0
1–3
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
14
Effects on mother
Information to help mother
Impact of advertisement
(will it make a difference?)
Any three points:
 injury from falling, accidents, violence, self-harm
 motor vehicle or bicycle accidents
 miscarriage from injury from accident/fall
 malnutrition of mother from inappropriate eating or
nausea/vomiting
 blackouts
 alcohol-related brain injury (after long-term use)
 infertility (prior to conception)
Any other suitable answer
 Info/help line
 Support material such as DVD
Any other relevant information identified to help mother quit
drinking
No mark
1–3
1
0
Total
/7
2. How many different chemicals are found in cigarettes? List the five (5) most harmful chemicals.
Description
4000 + chemicals
Any five:
 Hydrogen cyanide
 Carbon monoxide
 Tar
 Ammonia
 Formaldehyde
 Benzene
 Metals – arsenic, cadmium, lead
 Radioactive compounds – polonium-210
Marks
1
1–5
Total
/6
3. How do the chemicals you listed above affect the body?
Description
Any five:
 Hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide and tar – associated with cardiovascular and lung
disease
 Ammonia and formaldehyde – cause respiratory problems
 Metals, benzene and radioactive substances – cause cancer/carcinogenic
Any other suitable answer
Mark
1–5
Total
/5
4. How do the risks of smoking during pregnancy affect the child when it is older?
Description
Any three:
 Low birth weight and retarded growth and development at birth leads to child being smaller
than other children of similar age
 An increased risk of cleft palate may require surgery to correct and may lead to speech
problems
 Deprived of oxygen leads to delayed learning/inability to learn
 Exposure to chemicals in cigarette smoke may lead to increased risk of childhood cancers
 High blood pressure
 Abnormal development of respiratory system may lead to asthma
Any other suitable explanation
Total
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
Mark
1–6
/6
15
5. What are Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and what is the
difference between the two?
Description
 FAS – when a baby/child has recognised mental and physical defects
 associated with high alcohol consumption during pregnancy
 FASD – is the umbrella term used to describe the group of conditions that range in the
severity of symptoms that can occur in people, whose mother drank alcohol during
pregnancy, and have been diagnosed with some but not all the symptoms of FAS. Include –
low birth weight, heart defects, distinctive facial features, behavioural problems and
intellectual disability
 FAS has abnormal physical and mental growth during childhood,
 has distinctive facial features among all individuals with FAS
 FASD can be:
 partial FAS: child has some but not all features of FAS
 alcohol-related, neuro-development disorder (ARND); children displaying problems with
learning and behaviour, as a result of alcohol exposure
 alcohol-related birth defects; children with abnormal development of organs like the
heart and kidneys due to exposure to alcohol
Total
Mark
1–2
1–3
1–2
1–3
/10
6. List three (3) typical facial characteristics of a child born with FAS.
Description
Any three:
 smaller eye openings
 flattened cheekbones
 under-developed/indistinct philtrum (groove between mouth and nose)
 thin upper lips
 small faces and jaws
Any other suitable answer
Mark
1–3
Total
/3
7. What are three (3) other potential risks from drinking alcohol during pregnancy?
Description
Any three:
 alcohol poisoning, coma and death
 injury to mother and/or baby associated with falls, accidents, violence and intentional
self-harm
 motor vehicle or pedestrian accidents
 reduced nutrition from nausea and vomiting
 cirrhosis and liver failure of mother
 sexual and reproductive problems (mother)
 digestive problems
Any other suitable answer
Mark
1–3
Total
/3
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
16
Sample assessment task
Human Biology – General Year 11
Task 8 – Unit 2
Assessment type: test
Conditions
Time for the task: 60 minutes
Task weighting
6% of the school mark for this pair of units
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Task 8: Test – DNA, cells and reproductive systems
Part A: Multiple choice
This section has 15 questions. Answer all questions on the multiple-choice answer sheet.
1. DNA is located in the nucleus. Where else in the cell is DNA found?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
ribosomes
mitochondria
golgi body
centrioles
2. The function of the Vas deferens is to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
carry sperm to the urethra.
produce spermatozoa.
produce seminal fluid.
pass out urine.
3. In meiosis, the chromosome number is halved in order to
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
ensure the DNA is copied completely.
maintain all the DNA in the daughter cells.
ensure that errors in crossing-over can be corrected at fertilisation.
maintain the correct chromosome number in offspring.
4. During mitosis, cells
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
divide once to produce two identical cells.
divide once to produce two new cells that show some variation.
are able to unite with other cells that are produced.
divide twice to produce four new cells.
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
(15 marks)
17
The next three questions refer to the diagram below:
5. The structure that produces the ovum is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
A
B
C
E
6. The Part B in the diagram is called the:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
ovary
fallopian tube
uterus
vagina
7. Which of the following is not a function of the part labelled B?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
development of the placenta.
development of the ova.
where implantation of the fertilised egg occurs.
growth and development of foetus.
8. Which of the following is not correct regarding formation of sperm?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
it begins before birth, then ceases until after puberty
it occurs continually after puberty
the process takes about 72 days
one gamete results in four viable spermatozoa
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
18
Question 9 refers to the diagram below, which shows part of a DNA molecule.
9. The part of the DNA molecule in the shaded box labelled ‘A’ is a
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
deoxyribose sugar.
ribose sugar.
peptide.
nucleotide.
10. In human’s normal body cells contain 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in the sex
cells?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
46
23
92
12
11. The function of the fallopian tubes is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
to carry the ovum from ovary to uterus.
a place where the fertilised ovum can develop.
to produce the ovum.
to carry the sperm to the uterus.
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
19
The following three questions refer to the diagram below
C
12. What is the name of structure C in the diagram?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
DNA
nucleotide
chromosome
gene
13. What is the name of the part labelled A, on the diagram above?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
DNA
centromere
chromatid
chromosome
14. The part labelled B on the diagram above is called
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
DNA
centromere
chromatid
chromosome
15. A woman, who has heavy scarring to her uterus and has had several miscarriages in the last few
years, wants to have a baby. Which reproductive technology would be best suited to her?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
artificial insemination
donor embryo
in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
surrogacy
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
20
Part B: Short answer
This section has four (4) questions. Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
(43 marks)
16. The following parts of Question 16 refer to the diagram of the male reproductive system shown
below.
(a) Identify the structures labelled C and D.
(2 marks)
Structure C: _______________________________________
Structure D: _______________________________________
(b) State the function of the structures labelled C and D
(2 marks)
Structure C:
______________________________________________________________________________
Structure D:
______________________________________________________________________________
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
21
(c) Describe the pathway sperm need to travel from the testes of a man to reach an ovum in a
woman.
(9 marks)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
17. The diagram below represents two cells and their chromosomes. One has been produced by the
process of mitosis, while the other has been produced as a result of meiosis.
Chromosome
s
(a) In the space below, draw a diagram of the cells from which these two cells originated. Indicate
chromosomes only: do not show organelles.
(2 marks)
Original Cell: Meiosis
Original Cell: Mitosis
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
22
(b) Complete the following diagram which represents the process of fertilisation.
(6 marks)
Name: ________________
Number of chromosomes: ________
Name: ________________
Number of chromosomes: ________
Name: ________________
Number of chromosomes: ________
18. (a) Briefly describe the events that occur through the three stages of labour.
First stage of labour:
(4 marks)
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Second stage of labour:
___________________________________________________
Third stage of labour:
___________________________________________________
(b) The foetus can be affected by environmental factors which will have an influence on later
development.
Give two (2) different factors which may affect an unborn child and briefly describe their
influence on the unborn child.
(6 marks)
Factor 1: ____________________
Description:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Factor 2: ____________________
Description:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
23
(c) There are occasions where conception cannot occur naturally and requires assistance for a
viable pregnancy to occur. List and describe two (2) methods of assisted reproductive
technology.
(6 marks)
Method 1:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Method 2:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
19. (a) Contraception can come in various forms. Give a method of contraception for each of the
following types.
(3 marks)
Hormonal: _________________________________________________________________
Barrier:
_________________________________________________________________
Chemical:
_________________________________________________________________
(b) Name a sexually-transmitted disease that is caused by the following:
(3 marks)
Bacteria:
_________________________________________________________________
Virus:
_________________________________________________________________
Parasite:
_________________________________________________________________
End of Test
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Questions 5–7
Image adapted from: Miraceti. (2005). File:Female reproductive system lateral.png.
Retrieved June, 2014, from
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Female_reproductive_system_lateral.png
Used under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported licence.
Question 16
Image from: Ningyou. (2006). File:Male reproductive system.png. Retrieved June,
2014, from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Male_reproductive_system.png
Used under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported licence.
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
25
Marking key for sample assessment task 8
Part A: Multiple choice
Question
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Answer
B
A
D
A
D
C
B
A
D
B
A
C
C
B
C
Part B: Short answer
16. (a) Identify the structures labelled C and D.
Description
Marks
1
1
C: Prostate gland
D: Epididymis
Total
/2
(b) State the functions for the structures labelled C and D.
Description
C: Produces fluid to protect sperm/add to semen
D: Storage of sperm
Marks
1
1
Total
/2
(c) Describe the pathway sperm need to travel from the testes of a man to reach an ovum in a
woman. Include glands that contribute to semen.
Description
Testes  epididymis  Vas deferens  prostate gland and/or bulbo-urethral gland urethra
 vagina  cervix  uterus  fallopian tubes
Total
Marks
1–5
1–4
/9
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
26
17. (a) In the space below, draw a diagram of the cells from which these two cells originated. Indicate
chromosomes only: do not show organelles.
Description
Marks
 Original Cell: Meiosis
 Parent cell shows four chromosomes identical to diagram
1–2
 Original Cell: Mitosis
 Cell shows four chromosomes for parent cell
1–2
Total
/2
(b) Complete the following diagram which represents the process of fertilisation.
Description
Marks
One mark each correct:
Name: OVUM
Number of chromosomes: 23
Name: SPERM
Number of chromosomes: 23
1–6
Name: ZYGOTE
Number of chromosomes: 46
Total
/6
18. (a) Briefly describe the events that occur through the three stages of labour.
Description
Stage 1: labour pains; contractions; dilation of cervix
Stage 2: birth of baby
Stage 3: delivery of placenta
Marks
1–2
1
1
Total
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
/4
27
(b) The foetus can be affected by environmental factors which will have an influence on later
development.
Give two (2) different factors which may affect an unborn child and briefly describe their
influence on the unborn child.
Description
Marks
Any TWO factors
Alcohol




1
Child may be born with foetal alcohol syndrome/foetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Lower than normal birth weight
Slow growth
Physical abnormalities
OR
Smoking
 Lower than normal birth weight
 Higher risk of respiratory problems
 Higher risk of miscarriage
 Premature labour
 Higher risk of gastro-intestinal problems
OR
Diet
 Lack of certain vitamins like folic acid can result in deformities like spina bifida
 Bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes in food can cause death of unborn babies
 Not enough food or food lacking in vitamins and minerals can lead to under-developed
babies due to lack of nutrition
OR
Infection
 Some viruses can cause death or birth defects
 Rubella can cause blindness, deafness or heart malformations
 Influenza may cause brain damage
OR
Chemicals
 Teratogenic/disruption of normal development
 Cause death
 Cause malformation of limbs and organs
Total
1–2
1
1–2
1
1–2
1
1–2
1
1–2
/6
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
28
(c) There are occasions where conception cannot occur naturally and requires assistance for a
viable pregnancy to occur. List and describe two (2) methods of assisted reproductive
technology.
Description
Any TWO
In vitro fertilisation – embryo transfer (IVF–ET)
 Sperm and ovum are combined outside of mother’s uterus
 Ovum placed back in the mother’s uterus once fertilised
OR
Frozen embryo transfer (FET)
 Unused embryos from IVF are frozen and stored
 Can be thawed and implanted to uterus when required
OR
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)
 An egg sperm mixture made from mother’s egg and father’s sperm
 is placed in the fallopian tube of patient
OR
Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT)
 Ovum fertilised by sperm in laboratory
 Fertilised egg inserted into fallopian tube
Marks
1
1–2
1
1–2
1
1–2
1
1–2
Total
/6
19. (a) Contraception can come in various forms. Give a method of contraception for each of the
following types.
Description
Hormonal: combined pill, mini pill, depo-provera, implanon
Barrier:
condom, diaphragm, cervical cap, femidom (female condom)
Chemical: spermicide
Marks
1
1
1
Total
/3
(b) Name a sexually-transmitted disease that is caused by the following:
Bacteria:
Virus:
Parasite:
Description
chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis
genital herpes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, human papilloma
virus (HPV)
crabs, trichomoniasis (trich), scabies
Total
Sample assessment tasks | Human Biology | General Year 11
Marks
1
1
1
/3