An Introduction
ASTM International
Standards for Biofuels
September 2006
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Curtis P. Williams
Georgia Dept. of Agriculture
State Oil Lab
Membership Secretary for
Subcommittee D02.A on Gasoline and
Oxygenated Fuels
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Today’s Presentation
• Introduce ASTM’s standardization concepts
• Provide an overview of ASTM International
• Introduce Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and
Lubricants
• Open the discussion to your questions
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ASTM Standardization Concepts
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ASTM Standardization Concept
 A decentralized system
• ASTM’s technical committees make the
decisions
• ASTM provides an open forum and an
administrative framework
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ASTM Standardization Concept
 Partnership of the public and
private sector
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ASTM Standardization Concept
 The system is open
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ASTM Standardization Concept
 A balance of interests
exists
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ASTM Standardization Concept
 ASTM’s standards are voluntary
• Standards are only mandatory when cited in
regulation or called out in a contract
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ASTM Standardization Concept
 Marketplace orientation
 Reflects changes in
technology
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Overview of ASTM International
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About ASTM International
 Organized in 1898
 Independent, private sector, not-for-profit
 Provides a global forum for the development
of voluntary, consensus standards and
promotion of related knowledge
 Does not provide certification or
accreditation
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About ASTM International
 Headquarters near Philadelphia
 Staff of 170
 Offices in:
• Washington, DC
• Mexico City, Mexico
• Beijing, China (China Standards and
Conformity Assessment office)
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ASTM Standards are International
 ASTM complies with the principles identified in the
World Trade Organization’s, Technical Barriers to
Trade Agreement, document G/TBT/1/REV 8
Section IX.
• Transparency
●
Relevance
• Openness
●
Coherency
• Impartiality and consensus
• Consideration of the concerns of developing countries
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ASTM Standards are International
 ASTM standards are used around the
world
 ASTM standards are developed by
technical experts from around the world
 46 members from Brazil participate as
active members on many ASTM
Committees including D02 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants
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ASTM Serves Multiple
Sectors, Including
 Metals
 Plastics
 Petroleum and
Lubricants
 Road and Paving
 Environment
• Air, soil and water
 Medical and Surgical
Materials and Devices
 Textiles
 Construction Materials
 Nanotechnology
 Consumer Products
 Pharmaceutical Process
Analytical Technology
 Biotechnology
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ASTM’s Product
 Over 12,000 standards published
annually
 Related publications
 Related training and laboratory
cross-check testing programs
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The ASTM Structure
 30,000 Members
• 128 countries represented
• 90 industry sectors represented
 138 Technical committees
 2,200 Subcommittees
 Thousands of task groups
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Introduction to ASTM Committee D02
on Petroleum Products and Lubricants
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About Committee D02’s Work
 Committee D02 develops test methods
and specifications for:
• Liquid fuels from petroleum, liquid and semiliquid lubricants, hydraulic fluids, gaseous or
liquid hydrocarbons, petrolatum and petroleum
wax, additives that affect the characteristics of
fuel, biodegradation, ecotoxicity, and
bioaccumulation of petroleum products
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Committee D02
 Includes over 1,500 members from 52 countries
 Developer of over 650 petroleum standards that have
helped to provide heat for homes, fuel for
automobiles and airplanes, and lubricants for
machinery
 Sponsor of numerous technical publications,
laboratory quality assurance programs and technical
and professional training courses, workshops, and
symposia
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Committee D02
 Committee D02 helps to promote a cleaner,
safer environment by creating specifications, test
methods, practices, and guides that address the
need for alternative, environmentally friendly
fuels.
Refiners, automobile manufacturers, engine
manufactures, ethanol producers, biodiesel
producers, equipment and apparatus vendors,
governments, academia, Department of Defense
and others from around the world participate in
the standards activities of the Committee.
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Technical Committee Structure
MAIN Committee
D02 on Petroleum Products
and Lubricants
Subcommittee .03
Elemental Analysis
Subcommittee .08
Volatility
Sections /
TGs on …
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Subcommittee .J
Aviation Fuels
Many
subcommittees
and sections /
task groups
Subcommittee .90
Executive
Subcommittee .93
Quality Assurance
and
Statistics
Sections /
TGs on …
Product Subcommittees
12 Product
subcommittees
 Specifications
 Performance
Testing
 A. Gasoline and Oxygenated Fuels
 B. Automotive Lubricants
 C. Turbine Fuels
 D. Hydrocarbon for Chemical and Special Uses
 E. Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine and Marine Fuels
 F. Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Products
 G. Lubricating Greases
 H. Liquified Petroleum Gases
 J. Aviation Fuels
 L. Industrial Lubricants
 N. Hydraulic Fluids
 P. Recycled Petroleum Products
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Properties Subcommittees

1. Combustion Characteristics

2. Static Petroleum Measurement
14 Properties
Subcommittees

3. Elemental Analysis

4. Hydrocarbon Analysis

5. Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Materials
 Test Methods
for Properties

6. Analysis of Lubricants

7. Flow Properties

8. Volatility

9. Oxidation
 Measurements
 10. Properties of Petroleum Wax
 11. Engineering Science of High Performance Fluids & Solids
 12. Environmental Standards for Lubricants
 14. Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels
 25. Performance Assessment and Validation of Process Stream
Analyzer Systems for Petroleum and Petroleum Products
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Coordinating Subcommittees
5 Coordinating
Subcommittees
 92. Interlaboratory Crosscheck Programs
 93. International Standards and Related
Activities
 94. Quality Assurance and Statistics
 95. Terminology
 96. In-Service Lubricant Testing and
Condition Monitoring Services
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D02 Interlaboratory Crosscheck
Program
 Provides laboratories with a statistical quality assurance tool
enabling them to compare their performance in the use of ASTM
test methods against other labs worldwide
• 20 petroleum related programs such as: gear oil, aviation fuel,
automatic transmission fluid, engine oil lubricants, motor
gasoline, reformulated gasoline, low-sulfur diesel,
BIODIESEL, #2 diesel, engine oil lubricants
• Over 2,300 laboratories participate from 74 countries
• Very active participation from Petrobras across many programs
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D02 Technical and Professional
Training
 Provides training on the use and implementation of
ASTM standards. Conducted around the world by
technical experts familiar with the ASTM standards
• Aviation fuel
• Gasoline
• Marine fuel
• Fuel and Diesel Technology
• Crude Oil
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Ethanol Standards
• Subcommittee D02.A on Gasoline and
Oxygenated Fuels
– Over 260 members that include
participation from more than 20
countries
– Active participation from Petrobras
– Ethanol standards included in scope
of D02.A
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Ethanol Specifications
 D5797, Specification for Fuel methanol
(M70-M85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition
Engines
Covers a fuel blend, nominally 70 to 85 volume %
methanol and 30 to 14 volume % hydrocarbons for
use in ground vehicles with automotive sparkignition engines
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Ethanol Specifications
• D4806, Specification for Denatured Fuel
Ethanol for Blending with Gasoline for Use
as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel
ethanol intended to be blended at up to 10 volume
% with unleaded gasoline for use as a sparkignition automotive engine fuel
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Ethanol Specifications
• D5798, Specification for Fuel Ethanol (Ed75 Ed85) for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Covers a fuel blend, nominally 75 to 85 volume %
denatured fuel ethanol and 25 to 15 additional volume %
hydrocarbon use in ground vehicles with automotive
spark-ignition engines designed to use such a fuel
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Biodiesel Standards
• Subcommittee D02.E on Diesel Fuel
– Over 290 members that include participation
from 17 countries
– Active participation from Petrobras
– Biodiesel standards included in scope of
D02.E
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Biodiesel Standards
• D6751 Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel
Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
Specification covers biodiesel fuel blend stock(B100) Grades S15
and S500 for use as a blend component with diesel fuel oils
defined by Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1D and 2-D. Biodiesel may be blended with fuel oils whose sulfur
or aromatic levels are outside Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D, provided the finished mixture
meets pertinent national and local specifications and requirements
for these properties.
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Subcommittee E48.05 on
Biomass Conversion
• Scope includes test methods for
characterizing wood, grasses and other
celluosics and practices for converting
cellulose feedstocks to fuels by
enzymes, yeasts and pyrolysis.
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Subcommittee E48.05 on
Biomass Conversion
 17 approved standards including E869 – Test
Method for Performance Evaluation of Fuel
Ethanol Manufacturing Facilities
Test is applicable for all starch, sugar, and
combination starch/sugar based fermentable
feedstocks. Method is applicable to both batch
and continuous fuel ethanol manufacturing
processes.
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Committee Meetings
 Committee D02 (and its related
subcommittees) usually meets twice
annually
 Meetings are open for anyone to
attend (members and visitors)
 Many subcommittees/ task groups use
virtual meetings
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ASTM Balloting Process
COMMITTEE ON
STANDARDS
SOCIETY & MAIN
COMMITTEE D02
60% Return
90% Approval
SUBCOMMITTEE
60% Affirmative
2/3 approval
SECTION
/ TASK
GROUP
The ASTM standards
development process is
driven from the bottom
up, by the technical
experts.
In the balloting process
extensive consideration
is given to negative
votes. Standards are
not approved until all
negatives are resolved.
ASTM International
 Standards development is the chief task of
ASTM’s committees and subcommittees
 Members and non-members determine the
need for new standards, revisions activities.
 Voting is a member’s opportunity to
influence the content of the standard.
 Participation is possible using electronic
tools
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How can you benefit from ASTM?
 Easy access to information
 Opportunity to influence the content of standards
 Learn about the latest technology (and your
competitors)
 Establish a global network
 Reference and use existing standards; avoid
duplication of effort in developing and maintaining
standards
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Thank you
for the opportunity to present information from
ASTM on standards activities related to
biofuels.
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For more information please contact
David Bradley
Director, ASTM Proficiency Testing Programs and
Staff Manager to Committee D02
+ 1-610-832-9681
dbradley@astm.org
ASTM International looks forward to
building cooperative relationships
with Brazil.
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