A Silicon Analog
of the
Carbon Based Laboratory Instructor
Professor Rudolph W. Kluiber
Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
http://genchem.rutgers.edu
General Chemistry Laboratory
Talking to the Molecules
1. Philosophy
• Teach General Chemistry
• Teach Other Skills
2. Students
• First college chemistry course
• Varied Interests
• Varied Ability
3. Teacher
• Communication Skills
• Interest
• Ability
PHILOSOPHIES
1.
Cook Book or Verification
•
•
•
•
Students are given specific instructions.
Learn laboratory techniques and logic.
Comfortable and convenient.
Correlate with lecture to form a “community”.
2. Guided Inquiry or Discovery
•
•
•
•
Students are given general instructions.
Students work out the details.
Teach the student to think.
Make them think they figured it out
3. Others
• Research Projects
• Collaboration
SUPPORTING
Classic
Cook Book Chemistry
It’s EASY, COMFORTABLE
and ROUTINE
STUDENTS
• Almost all are not chem majors
• Varied background (skill, ethic and temperament)
• First college chemistry laboratory course
• Most are foreign born; majority are women
INSTRUCTORS
• All are foreign born
• Many initially have language problems
• Familiarity brings comfort
PHILOSOPHY
• Laboratory supports lecture
Classic
Cook Book Chemistry…IT’S EASY
DRAWBACKS
• Copying and cheating can be prevalent
• PreLabs
• Experiments: section to section, year to year
• Learning can be minimal
• Laboratory should be fun
• Laboratory is a joke
• Labs are labor intensive
• Junior faculty are hired to carry out research
• Laboratory used to increase contact hours
• Return on teaching investment
• Good, cheap help is hard to get
• May create conflicts of interest
• Lack scientific sophistication
(undergraduates?)
GenChem
A Combination of Hardware and Software
Dell Poweredge 2600
1.8 GHz Xeon dual CPU
33.8 GB SCSI Memory
$3,000
Physically, Mentally and Visually challenged
Excellent memory, consistent, tireless, accurate
GenChem
A Combination of Hardware and Software
Dell Poweredge 2600
1.8 GHz Xeon dual CPU
33.8 GB SCSI Memory
$3,000
COOK BOOK
Physically, Mentally and Visually challenged
Excellent memory, consistent, tireless, accurate
GenChem
A Combination of Hardware and Software
Dell Poweredge 2600
1.8 GHz Xeon dual CPU
33.8 GB SCSI Memory
$3,000
NOTE: GenChem software can be easily
transferred to another WinTel server
Contact: kluiber@genchem.rutgers.edu
Rutgers University (Newark)
General Chemistry Laboratory
• Two semester course
• 1 credit each semester
• Meet for 170 min, 1X/week, 14 weeks
• 14 experiments-5 extra credit/semester
• Written 3 hour FINAL Exam
• Pre- or Co-Requisite: 4 credit lecture
• Separate grade for Laboratory
• Students work individually
• Four Lab Practicals per semester
What
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
GenChem Does
Creates a course Syllabus. Puts it on the web.
Produces printer ready copy for a Lab Manual.
Provides Pre-lab Talks as web-based downloadable videos.
Produces individualized web-based PreLabs. Records passing.
Provides Start-of-Experiment Quiz.
Individualizes each experiment.
Accepts student’s Experimental Work and evaluates.
Accepts Calculations and Conclusion and evaluates.
Issues Warnings but only on initial entries.
Grades each student’s work. Treats all students equally.
Acknowledges particularly good work
Allows each student to access their Course Record, anytime.
Gives out Final Course Grade at the end of the semester.
SYLLABUS
http://genchem.rutgers.edu
GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
SYLLABUS (Chem 113)
SUMMER 2006
More About Chem 113
Formulas, Sig Figs and Errors
...
Chem 113 news
WHEN IN THE LABORATORY
Wear EYE PROTECTION and RESTRAIN HAIR
video
Session
Experiment
About the Experiment
PreLab
video
5/30
INTRO
Use of the Balances and the Metric System
......
video
6/01
DENSITY
Measuring the Density of a Solid and a Liquid
DENASA
video
6/05
HYDRATES
Characterization and Quantitative Measurement
of Hydrates
HYASA
video
6/06
NONMETALS-POLLUTION
Generation and Characterization of Common
Gasses.
Pollution
NMASA
video
6/08
ACID TITRATION
Analysis of Vinegar and Vitamin C
A LAB PRACTICAL
AcidASA
video
6/13
SOLVAY PROCESS
Do Chromatography today.
Pass SOLVAY PreLab.
Do only the SOLVAY QUIZ
SOLASA
video
6/13
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Separation and Identification of Cations
ChromAS
A
video
6/15
MOLAR VOLUME
Measuring the Molar Volume of Oxygen
Assaying KClO3
A LAB PRACTICAL
MVASA
video
6/19
CALORIMETRY
Measuring Specific Heat, Heat of Solution, Heat of
Reaction
CalASA
video
6/20
PERIODIC TABLE
Solubility of Group II
Oxidation of Group VII1
PTASA
video
6/22
EQUIVALENT WEIGHT
Eq.Wt. from Hydrogen Liberated and Acid Used
Up
A LAB PRACTICAL
EqWASA
video
6/27
COPPER ANALYSIS
Spectroscopic Analysis for Copper
CuAnASA
video
6/29
GROUP I and pH
Qualitative Analysis; pH of Common Liquids
GIpHASA
video
7/03
DUMAS MOL. WT.
M.W. of a Liquid by the Dumas Method
A LAB PRACTICAL
MWASA
none
7/05
FINAL EXAM (Sem 1)
Written Final, No Programmable Calculators
Conklin 100, 8:30 - 11:30 AM
......
GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
SYLLABUS (Chem 114)
SUMMER 2006
More About Chem 114
Formulas, Sig Figs and Errors
...
Chem 114 news
WHEN IN THE LABORATORY
Wear EYE PROTECTION and RESTRAIN HAIR
?vid
eo?
Sessio
n
Experiment
About the Experiment
PreLab
video
7/10
CALIBRATION
Calibration of Volumetric Glassware
......
video
7/11
EDTA TITRATION
Calcium Concentration by EDTA Titration
Bring a Home Water Sample
EDTASA
video
7/13
FREEZING POINT MW
MW by Freezing Point Depression
FPASA
video
7/17
LAB PRACTICAL, EqWt
Equivalent Weight of an Acid by Titration
LAB PRACTICAL
LPASA
video
7/18
PHOSPHATE ANALYSIS
Analyzing for Phosphate Spectroscopically
Bring a Home Water Sample
PhosASA
video
7/20
KINETICS
Measuring and Using Rate Constants and Activation Energy
ClockASA
video
7/25
EQUILIBRIUM
Qualitative and Quantitative Equilibrium Studies
EqASA
video
7/27
pH and BUFFERS
Acids and pH Meters, Indicators, Ttitration, Buffers
pHASA
video
8/01
SPOT TESTS
Identifying a Mixture Using Spot Tests
SpotASA
video
8/02
solutions
Preparing solutions for Ksp (see Ksp below)
KspASA
video
8/03
10 TESTTUBE MYSTERY
Identifying the Contents of Ten Test Tubes
Lab Practical
TTMASA
video
8/08
CuAg AW of Silver
Determining the AW of Silver
Lab Practical
CuAgASA
video
8/09
Ksp of LEAD IODIDE
Measuring Ksp by Spectroscopic Analysis for Iodide
KspASA
video
8/10
ASPIRIN ANALYSIS
Spectroscopic Analysis of an Aspirin Tablet
LAB Practical
AspASA
none
8/15
FINAL EXAM (Sem 2)
Written Final, No Programmable Calculators
Ackerson 123 8:30 - 11:30 AM
......
Pre-Experiment
GenChem working for the Student
1. Manual describes experiment
2. Videos show background and data collection
3. PreLab must be passed to start experiment
All the above can be done on-campus or off.
Videos and PreLabs are Web-Based
http://genchem.rutgers.edu
Pre-Experiment
Genchem working for the Student
1. Manual Describes each experiment
Step by step directions.
Mathematics and
logic discussed.
About 140 pages
$20.00 / manual
Pre-Experiment
Genchem working for the Student
2. Videos show background and data collection
Videos are 10-15 min
(100-200 MB)
Show background,
DATA collection
Calculations are
displayed but not
explained.
SONY CCR
VX2000
Windows Movie
Maker
.WMV format
Pre-Experiment
Genchem working for the Student
3. PreLab “Ticket” to start Experiment
Individualized Problem
Must answer problem
correctly to continue.
8 multiple choice
questions
(7 correct to pass)
May have 10 or more
variations
Written in:
Visual Basic Script,
Active Server Protocol ASP.
The Experiment
and
GenChem
1. Asks an initial Question.
2. Individualizes Experiments.
3. Accepts experimental data.
4. May warn of bad data on first entry.
5. Accepts calculations and conclusions.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Warns of poor calculations on first entry.
Grades and gives printout to student.
Grading includes “Late” and “Sig Figs”.
Records grades automatically.
10. Poor Experiments can be repeated.
All the above must be done in the Lab.
VISUAL FORTRAN
VISUAL FORTRAN
VISUAL FORTRAN
VISUAL FORTRAN
Enter DATA using keyboard
Limited use of the mouse
Program only goes forward
There are re-caps
The Experiment
and
GenChem
1. Asks an initial Question.
2. Individualizes Experiments.
3. Accepts experimental data.
4. May warn of bad data on first entry.
5. Accepts calculations and conclusions.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Warns of poor calculations on first entry.
Grades and gives printout to student.
Grading includes “Late” and “Sig Figs”.
Records grades automatically.
10. Poor Experiments can be repeated.
All the above must be done in the Lab.
CLOCK REACTION
VARIATIONS in the CLOCK REACTION
k, a, b, and c
Values of [I-] [BrO3-] [H+]
The Experiment
and
GenChem
1. Asks an initial Question.
2. Individualizes Experiments.
3. Accepts experimental data.
4. May warn of bad data on first entry.
5. Accepts calculations and conclusions.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Warns of poor calculations on first entry.
Grades and gives printout to student.
Grading includes “Late” and “Sig Figs”.
Records grades automatically.
10. Poor Experiments can be repeated.
All the above must be done in the Lab.
13-FEB-06
RISHI
Time...
15:40:23
PARAJULI
SECTION
1
Work-Station
30
COMPUTER INPUT
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
TRIAL 1
TRIAL 2
WEIGHTS OF EMPTY FLASKS
124.8279 g
127.7825 g
WEIGHTS OF FLASKS WITH KHP
125.4909 g
128.4934 g
VOLUMES TO TITRATE KHP
16.65
mL
17.85
mL
VINEGAR UNKNOWN NUMBER.....................312
VOLUMES TO TITRATE VINEGAR
24.10
mL
24.00
mL
WEIGHT OF VITAMIN C TABLET
1382.1
mg
VOLUME TO TITRATE TABLET
29.10
mL
CALCULATED VALUES
Calculated Molarities of NaOH ..............
Average Molarity of NaOH. ..................
Calculated % Vinegars ......................
Average % Vinegar ..........................
Mg of Ascorbic Acid in Vitamin C Tablet.....
1)
2)
3)
.1948
5.636
0.1950
0.1949
5.613
5.624
972.620
M
M
%
%
mg
You made a small error in calculating one or both of
your NaOH Molarities
Don't forget to correct the Average Molarity as well (if necessary).
If the average molarity changes, you will probably also need to
recalculate the % Acetic Acid and mg Ascorbic Acid using the new
NaOH Molarity
Your calculated mg of Ascorbic Acid is way off
Remember: MW of Ascorbic Acid is 176.13 g/mol
There is something wrong with your sig figs
Please check them
This is your only warning.
It concerns only your
CALCULATIONS.
Your experimental work is not being evaluated here! work.
STAPLE the DATA SHEET on top of this SHEET when you turn in this EXPERIMENT
Calculation
Warnings
A good
experiment
Typical
Graded Printout
ACID BASE
TITRATION
Student repeated
experiment and
earned an 83
The Experiment
and
GenChem
1. Asks an initial Question.
2. Individualizes Experiments.
3. Accepts experimental data.
4. May warn of bad data on first entry.
5. Accepts calculations and conclusions.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Warns of poor calculations on first entry.
Grades and gives printout to student.
Grading: “Late” and “Sig Figs”. 100.0/99.9=100.1
Records grades automatically.
10. Poor Experiments can be repeated.
All the above must be done in the Lab.
GRADING
13 EXPERIMENTS @ 99 pts/exp……
1287
5 Extra Credit experiments…………
100
Quiz………………………………………….
45
Final Exam………………………………..
250
TOTAL………………………………………
1682
Guarantee: A 1400;
B 1250;
C 1100
GRADING is on an absolute basis
GRADING is not competitive!
GRADING is consistent
PLAYCHEM
a series of
EXTRA CREDIT
Experiments
Short
Simple
Significant
http://genchem.rutgers.edu/PlayChem.html
PLAYCHEM EXPERIMENTS
1. ALCHEMY
2. ASPIRIN
3. AVOGADRO
4. BISULFATE
5. BLACKPEN
4. BREATHALYZER
7. CALIBRATE
8. CANCRUSH
7. CANDLELIGHT
10. DENPEN
11. DOBJECT
10. HYFORM
13. ICE
14. IVY
13. MILK
16. MOLRAT
17. MONEYCAL
16. MONEYCULE
19. MONEYKIN
20. ORG
19. PARADOX
22. POLLUTION
23. POPCORN
22. POTENTIAL
25. PUTTY
&
SLIME 26. REACT
28. SODACAN
29. STEELWOOL
31. ZERO
32. ZINC IODIDE
25. SOAP
30. VINEGAR
http://genchem.rutgers.edu/PlayChem.html
The Silicon, GenChem, ADVANTAGE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Makes students accountable.
• Students vie for best grade rather than fastest exit!
Provides pre-lab talks (videos) on demand.
Individualizes and keeps record of PreLabs.
Individualizes and keeps records of experiments.
Warns of serious experimental errors.
Warns of serious calculation errors.
Checks sig figs. 100.0/99.9 = 1.001
Grades and records lab work immediately
Identical grading: student to student; year to year.
Prevents and detects attempts at cheating.
Allows extra-credit and repeat experiments.
Keeps excellent, accurate up-to-date records.
Allows synchronization with lecture.
Allows many experiments to run concurrently.
• Controlled chaos
15. Does not make errors.
16. Does not suddenly disappear from the lab .
The GenChem ADVANTAGE
1. Accountability
2. Correlates with Lecture; Emphasizes Chemistry
3. Graded on a absolute basis.
• All students can earn an A in the course.
4. Both ability and effort are rewarded.
•
•
•
•
150 points separate letter grades
100 points of extra credit (and fun)
Poor experiments may be repeated (with 5-9 pt penalty)
Repeat experiments are monitored by Carbon TA.
5. Competition for higher grade rather than fastest exit.
6. Multiple experiments done simultaneously
7. Peer instructors. Distance Learning
DISADVANTAGES of GenChem
1. Poor at enforcing SAFETY.
• Stresses safety but can not enforce it.
2. Sits at the desk. Does not walk around.
3. Does not check DATA SHEET properly.
4. Does not check written work.
5. Does not check product purity.
6. Does not do RESEARCH.
7. Poor at relieving the agony of failure.
• Not a people person
What Does “CARBON” Do?
1. NEW TAs
• Check experiments beforehand
2. All TAs
(undergraduate or Graduate)
• Interact with students during laboratory time
• Check: DATA directly on data sheet in ink
• Using proper experimental technique
• Provide major help with PreLabs
• Provide minor help with lab calculations
• Explain the graded DATA SHEET
• Provide encouragement where necessary
• Analyze UNKNOWNS
• Grade products and occasional write-up
• Keep balances from being destroyed
• Make sure the lab is left clean
3. STOCKROOM
• Provided Equipment and UNKNOWNS
• Keeps laboratory clean and stocked
STUDENT EVALUATION
(Chem 113 7/7/2006)
Based on ratings of 1-5
Total students getting grades... 54 (61)
Total students evaluating... 48
Lab help in Lecture... 3.70
Help from Lecture... 3.21
Help from PreLabs... 4.25
Help from Videos... 4.42
Help From Manual... 3.79
Instructors rating... 4.02
Improve logic and thinking... 3.77
Positive learning experience... 3.83
Overall Rating... 3.83
“Don’t teach it the same way”
GenChem
General Chemistry Laboratory
• Teaches Chemistry
• Offers a smorgasbord of pedagogy
• Reinforces lecture
• Tries to challenge
• Works with our TAs and students
• Works for me
GROUP IV
C
Si
Ge
Sn
Pb
A Silicon Analog
of the
Carbon Based Laboratory
Instructor
a TA called
GenChem
http://genchem.rutgers.edu
TALK TO THE MOLECULES
GROUP IV
C
Si
Ge
Sn
Pb
100.0/99.9
= 100.1
http://genchem.rutgers.edu