Kennedy to Johnson
“We have received official
confirmation that President Kennedy is
dead. I am saddened to have to tell
you this grievous news…
We have a new President. May God
bless our new President and our
Nation.”
-Dean Rusk (Sec of State)
36. Lyndon B Johnson
36. Lyndon B Johnson
DiO:1963-1969
PP: Democrat
Born: August 27, 1908
Died: January 22, 1973
Platform: Great Society
VP: Hubert Humphrey
State: Texas
(1) Lyndon B. Johnson
Sworn in
hours after the
assassination of
JFK November
22, 1963

Elected on his
own in 1964

JFK LAID TO REST


The assassination and
the televised funeral
became historic events
(4) LBJ set up the
Kerner Commission
in 1963 a
government group
to look into the
Kennedy
assassination and
Three-year old John Kennedy
Jr. salutes his father’s coffin
during the funeral
get the true story to
the American people.
President Lyndon Baines
Johnson
A.
LBJ continued the ideas of the
Kennedy administration: (1 cont.)
civil rights, war on
poverty, and
continued
containment
In the mid-1960s, the U.S.
had the highest standard of
living in the world
1. Michael Harrington—The
Other America (1962) wrote
that “pockets” of poverty
remained in America
2. Harrington claimed that as many as 40
million Americans (1/4 of the population) were
poor, and they were in the slums of central
cities and rural areas—Appalachia, the Deep
South, and Native American reservations
(23)

th
25
Amendment
Deals with who’s
next… succession to
the Presidency (if the
prez dies…) and
establishes
procedures both for
filling a vacancy in the
office of the Vice
President, as well as
responding to
Presidential
disabilities.
The Vice President Joseph Biden
Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi
President pro tempore of the Senate1
Robert Byrd
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton
Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner
Secretary of Defense Robert Gates
Attorney General Eric Holder2
Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar
Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack
Secretary of Commerce TBA
Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis2
Secretary of Health and Human Services
Tom Daschle2
Secretary of Housing and Urban
Development Shaun Donovan
Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood
Secretary of Energy Stephen Chu
Secretary of Education Arne Duncan
Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki
Secretary of Homeland Security Janet
Napolitano
(13) Election of 1964
L.B. Johnson vs. Barry
Goldwater
THE 1964 ELECTION



In 1964, the Republicans
nominated conservative
senator Barry Goldwater of
Arizona to oppose Democrat
Lyndon Johnson
Goldwater opposed LBJ’s
social legislation
Goldwater alienated voters by
suggesting the use of nuclear
weapons in Cuba and North
Vietnam
LBJ WINS BY A
LANDSLIDE





LBJ won the
1964 election
by a landslide
For many it was an antiGoldwater vote
Many Americans saw
Goldwater as a War Hawk
The Democrats also
increased their majority in
Congress
Now Johnson launched his
reform program in earnest
LBJ easily defeats Goldwater in ‘64
BUILDING THE
GREAT SOCIETY


In May of 1964, LBJ
summed up his vision
for America in a
phrase: “The Great
Society”
By the time he left the
White House in 1969,
Congress had passed
206 of LBJ’s Great
Society legislative
initiatives
(2) Johnson used goals of social justice to
campaign for the presidency—“The
Great Society” was aimed to reach
all Americans
1. designed to fight poverty,
discrimination, unemployment,
pollution, and other social ills of
America
2. promised major tax cuts for
individuals and corporations
13 cont.
C. Johnson’s wide appeal won him
more than 60 % of the popular voteDemocrats win again
D. Goldwater carried only Arizona
and five Southern states, where
“Dixiecrats” switched to the
Republican party
E. Johnson declared a “war on
poverty” and began the Great Society
programs.
III. Specific Problems facing the US
A. Industry had done away with jobs
B. Small farmers could not compete
with agribusiness
C. Training was unavailable for new
jobs
D. Programs did not adequately cover
medical expenses for older citizens
(3) Johnson declared a “War on
Poverty” on January 8, 1964:
1. He developed programs to deal
with America’s problems such as
job corps, neighborhood youth
corps, VISTA, Project Head Start,
Operation Upward Bound, college
work study
2. The programs were well-received by
Americans because people saw benefits
for themselves.
LBJ’s plan for
a GREAT US
SOCIETY…
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT
THE EOA legislation created:
 The Job Corps
 VISTA (Volunteers in
service to America)
 Project Head Start for
underprivileged
preschoolers
 The Community Action
Program which
encouraged the poor to
participate in public works
program
Project Head Start is still going
strong
(6) Civil Rights Act 1964• banned discrimination in
voting, and any public (tax
paid) accommodations,
public facilities, federally
assisted programs and
employment
• Helped end racial segregation
(16) Voting Rights Act 1965
• - prohibited discrimination in
voter registration and provided
federal registration where
necessary
• Helped end racial segregation
(9) 24th Amendment• ended poll taxes in federal
elections
(voting is free!!)
• Eliminate racial
injustice
(14) Medicare• provided medical care for
the old aged under social
security
• Eliminate poverty, share the
abundance, overcome disease
Medicaid• began a joint federal and state
program to pay medical bills for
low income families and
persons
• Overcome disease, eliminate
poverty
Immigration Act, 1965
• - ended old-fashioned national
origins quota system, admitted
immigrants on the basis of
family relationships and
national needs
• Permit life of freedom, eliminate
injustice
HUD- Department Of Housing
and Urban Development• created cabinet-level agency to
administer public housing
programs, F.H.A., and other
federal activity in the field
• Revitalize the cities
(20) Betty Friedan/ NOW
• She was an American feminist, activist and
writer, best known for starting the “Women's
Liberation Movement“
• She wrote The Feminine
Mystique (1966)
Friedan was a
co-founder of the National
Organization for Women
(NOW) in 1966
(15) Cesar Chavez
1. A Mexican American
labor activist and
leader of the United
Farm Workers.
2. In 1969, Chávez and members of the
UFW marched through the Imperial and
Coachella Valley to the border of Mexico
to protest growers' use of illegal aliens as
temporary replacement workers during a
strike.
3. Leading voice for migrant farm workers
4. Focused national attention on these
laborers' terrible working conditions,
which eventually led to improvements.
Started the
American
Chicano
Movement
The Civil Rights
Movement under
Johnson
I. Remember Segregation and
Integration…
a. Segregation is separation by
race of class in society.
b. Integration is to join or open
to all racial groups or classes.
(5) Mississippi Freedom
Summer Project
a. Summer of ‘64
b. 800 College students from all over the
US met in Ohio to be trained for voter
registration in the South, especially
Mississippi by SNCC.
5 (cont)
c. Discouraged by the fact that one of their
members was arrested & 2 missing w/n
the 1st couple of days (later found dead).
d. The focus of the project was the MS
Delta and McComb.
G. Mississippi Freedom Summer – summer
1964: while working to register African
Americans to vote, 3 Civil Rights
workers were murdered in
Neshoba County, MS
*On June 21, 1964, three
young civil rights workers
— a 21-year-old black
Mississippian James
Chaney and two white New
Yorkers Andrew Goodman,
20, and Michael Schwerner,
24 —were murdered
*June 21, 2005: Edgar
Ray Killen, the
supposed mastermind of
the crime, was sentenced
to 60 years in jail for the
crimes.
III. Selma Voting Rights March
A. March, 1965: MLK led a 54 mile
walk from Selma to Montgomery to
pressure for voting.
B. The demonstrators were teargassed, clubbed, spat on, whipped,
trampled by horses, and jeered by
others for demanding the right to
register to vote. Television and
newspapers carried pictures of the
event that became known as "Bloody
Sunday."
C. As a result, Lyndon B. Johnson
urged the passage of the Voting
Rights Act; will become law in
August of 1965.
A. 1965
B. Riots occurred
in the Watts (all
(17) Watts
Riots
African American)
neighborhood
in L.A.
C. $200 million in
properties was
destroyed and
ruined.
Local businesses on fire from riot
D. 34 people died, all of
them black.
E. MLK was furious,
saying that the black
population was destroying
themselves.
F. In response, Watts
residents said we won
because we made them pay
attention to us.
Totem of Expression for Change
in response to Watts Riot
VI. Civil Disobedience during the
Civil Rights Movement
A. NAACP- Attacked Jim Crow laws
Thurgood Marshall toured the south
helping African Americans in need
of law representation. NAACP
representatives toured cities and
began local chapters.
Jeopardy answer of the day:
- first black American
appointed to the Supreme
Court
(22) Question:
Who was
Thurgood
Marshall?
Martin Luther King, Jr.
1. MLK is from Atlanta, Ga. and is first
known from leading the Montgomery
Bus boycott.
2. MLK embodied the movement.
3. MLK preached nonviolence and
pacifism and the “turn the other cheek”
philosophy.
4. He did encounter frustration from
many African Americans who were
“sick and tired of going to funerals
of black men”
Black Power
1. Leader: Stokely Carmichael
2. Emphasized racial pride and social
equality for African Americans through
the creation of political and cultural
institutions
3. Called for black separatism
4. The symbol of Black Power was the
raised, gloved fist in the air. Black
Americans were to find a new sense of
identity.
(19) Carmichael’s stand on black power
greatly influenced a new movement in 1966
known as the Black Panther Party, a
revolutionary push for equality and
defense of African Americans led by Huey
Newton
African-American Reaction to
Civil Disobedience
A. Malcolm X - followed the teaching of Elijah
Muhammad who taught that white society
actively worked to keep African-Americans
from empowering themselves and achieving
political, economic and social success.
B. Other goals included wanting a state of their
own, separate from one inhabited by white
people.
C. Malcolm X changed views after becoming
disillusioned about the teachings of Muhammad
• 1925-1965 a U.S. political
activist. He was a prominent
(7)
member of the Black
Malcolm X Muslims and founder of the
Organization of Afro-American
Unity (1964)
- (18) After moderating his
views on black separatism and
founding his own more
aggressive Muslim organization
he was assassinated in 1965
•
http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/assassins/malcolm_x/4
.html
(8) Muhammad Ali
• Boxer, born Cassius Marcellus
Clay on January 17, 1942 in
Louisville, Kentucky, USA. As an
amateur boxer (1954–60), winning
100 of 108 matches- one of best
boxers in American History…
• After winning the championship
from Liston in 1964, Clay revealed
that he was a member of the
Nation of Islam (often called the
Black Muslims at the time) That
night, Malcolm X took Clay around
town and announced that Clay
would be renamed Muhammad
(one who is worthy of praise) Ali
(fourth rightly guided caliph).
(27) Death of a hero…
Jesse Jackson was there…
1. April 4,
1968:
Memphis
Tennessee
2. MLK killed
by a sniper’s
bullet
3. (27)James Earl Ray: arrested in
June of
1968 for killing MLK jr.
4. Sentenced to 99 years in prison; died
in 1998.
5. Hinted he was only part of the
conspiracy
(27) Many AAs will respond to this
tragedy through violence. At the end
of a week of rioting, almost 50 were
dead!
 Isn’t this exactly what MLK preached AGAINST?!?!
"Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only
light can do that. Hate cannot drive out
hate; only love can do that. Hate multiplies
hate, violence multiplies violence and
toughness multiplies toughness in a
descending spiral of destruction. The chain
reaction of evil………must be broken, or we
shall be plunged into the dark abyss of
annihilation.”
~Dr. MLK, Jr