EE 545 – BOGAZICI UNIVERSITY
Agenda
 Introduction to IP
 What happened IPv5
 Disadvantages of IPv4
 IPv6 Overview
 Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4
 Questions - Answers
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Introduction to IP
 IP – Internet Protocol
 First announced in 1970’s by IETF
 Network Layer Protocol
 Key element of Internet
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Introduction to IP
 There are 6 versions of IP
 IP versions 0 to 3 were development versions of IPv4
and were used between 1977 and 1979
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 IPv4:
255.255.255.255
 IPv6:
FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF
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What happened IPv5
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 Internet Stream Protocal (ST) was created to transmit
video, audio, and simulations over the Internet in 1979
and called IPv5
 Never really saw the light of day
 Operating on the same level as IP but using a different
header format than that used for IP datagrams.
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Disadvantages of IPv4
 Number of IPv4 is 2^32 which is not sufficient for
today’s world
 Mobility problem
NAT (Network Address Translation) Causes;
 RTC (VoIP and Multimedia) problem
 Changing IPSec packets
 Peer to Peer problems (mstsc)
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History of IPv6
 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) had found
IPng (Internet Protocol, next generation) work group in
1990’s
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 Industry professionals, universities and organisations
worked together for 10 years.
 For last 5-6 years, the time of IPv6 launching was
suspicious and only predictions
 But at 6 June 2012;
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History of IPv6
 IPv6 have really launched by major companies;
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Headers of IPv6 and IPv4
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Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4
1 - Number of IP Adress
 Everything goes IP such as PDA, mobile phones, Tablet
Computers, Washing Machines, Air Conditions,
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Security Systems
 Ipv4 has 2^32 IP address which is
4294967296 – around 4,2 billion
 Ipv6 has 2^128 IP address which is
340.282.366.920.938.463.463.374.607.431.768.211.456 too much to read 
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Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4
2 - Security
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 In the beginning of IPv4, security wasn’t thought
much
 Security mechanisms of IPv4 (IPSec, Authentication)
are added lately
 However, IPv6 has IPSec mechanism embedded.
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Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4
3 - Quality of Service (QoS)
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 QoS mechanism provides priority for multimedia
packets
 In IPv4, it is done on the network devices
 However, in IPv6, there is a field for QOS mechanism in
the IPv6 header
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Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4
4 - Autoconfiguration
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 Address auto-configuration (address assignment)
 A router will send the prefix of the local link in its
router advertisements.
 A host can generate its own IP address by appending its
link-layer (MAC) address
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Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4
5 - Mobility
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 In IPv4, nodes have to take a different IP address
different networks
 However, in IPv6, it won’t matter where in the world a
device goes, it can be contacted using the same global
IP address
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Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4
6 - Routing and Packet Processing
 In IPv6 networks, fragmentation is handled by new
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source device, rather than the router, this reduces
router load.
 IPv6's contains no IP-level checksum, so the checksum
does not need to be recalculated at every router hop,
link-layer technologies and transport layers are already
contain checksum and error-control capabilities.
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Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4
7 - Multicast
 IPv6 supports multicast rather than broadcast
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 It allows data to be sent only muliple destinations
 This saves network bandwith
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Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4
8 - Peer-to-Peer Connections
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 In IPv6, every device will have its own IP address
 This will allow people to have peer-to-peer connections
 Such as Remote Desktop Connections
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Benefits of IPv6 over IPv4-Summary
IPv4
IPv6
Addresses are 32 bits (4 bytes) in length. Addresses are 128 bits (16 bytes) in length
IPSec is optional and should be
supported externally
IPSec support is not optional
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Header does not identify packet flow for Header contains Flow Label field, which
QoS handling by routers
Identifies packet flow for QoS handling by
router.
Both routers and the sending host
fragment packets.
Header includes a checksum.
Routers do not support packet
fragmentation. Sending host fragments
packets
Header does not include a checksum.
ARP uses broadcast ARP request to
resolve IP to MAC/Hardware address.
Multicast Neighbor Solicitation messages
resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses.
Configured either manually or through Does not require manual configuration or
DHCP.
DHCP.
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Thank You !
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