REVIEW:
• What is the definition of Sports Medicine?
• Who is involved in the Sports Medicine team?
• What are the roles and responsibilities of the
ATC?
• What are the different settings that ATC’s can
work in?
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY AND
APPLIED KINESIOLOGY
1/23/13
ANATOMICAL POSITION
Anatomical Position:
• Person facing forward
• Arms by side with
palms up
• Feet together
PALPATION
Palpation – to feel
When palpating you are feeling for :
Deformity
Crepitus (noise)
Warmth
Abnormalities
ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
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Anterior (Ventral)- front side in anatomical position
Posterior (Dorsal) – back side in anatomical position
Superior (Cranial) – closer to head
Inferior (Caudal) – farther from head
Proximal- closer to trunk
Distal – father from trunk
Medial – closer to midline
Lateral – further from midline
Superficial- closer to surface
Deep- farther from surface
Inferolateral – below and to the outside
Inferomedial – below and toward the midline or inside
Ipsilateral – on the same side
Palmar- relating to palm or volar aspect of the hand
Plantar – relating to the sole of the foot
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Posteroinferior – behind and below
Posterolateral – behind and to one side
specifically to the outside
Posteromedial- behind and to one side
specifically the inside
Posterosuperior – behind and at the upper part
Prone – face downward position (stomach
lying)
Supine – lying on back, face upward position of
the body
Superolateral – above and to the outside
Superomedial – above and toward the midline
or inside
Ventral – relating to the belly or abdomen, on
or toward the front, anterior part of
Volar- Relating to the palm of the hand or sole
of the foot
BODY PLANES OF MOVEMENT
Plane- A two-dimensional surface define by 3 points not on the same line
(Motion occurs in a plane)
SAGITTAL PLANE
Sagittal- vertical plane that divides the body into RIGHT and LEFT parts
- Flexion and extension activities occur in this plane
- Axis runs medial to lateral
FRONTAL PLANE
Frontal – vertical plane that divides the body into ANTERIOR and
POSTERIOR parts
- Abduction, adduction (jumping jacks, and spinal lateral flexion
- Axis runs anterior/posterior
TRANSVERSE PLANE
Transverse- horizontal plane that divides the body into CRANIAL and
CAUDAL parts
- Forearm pronation, supination, and spinal rotation
- Axis runs superior/inferior
PLANES MOVE ABOUT AN AXIS
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Every where we go our body is moving in planes (frontal, sagittal,
transverse).
Sometimes we need to know in what plane we are moving
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For example:
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Which plane is this person moving in?
BODY MOVEMENT
TERMINOLOGY
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Abduction – away from the body
Adduction – towards the body
Flexion – shortening
Extension – lengthening
Hyperextension – lengthening past
neutral
Dorsiflexion – Toes Up
Plantarflexion – Toes down
Elevation – move shoulder girdle
up
Depression – move shoulder girdle
down
Valgus – Knock kneed
Varus – Bow-legged (Pigeon toed)
Inversion – turning the sole of the
foot inward or medially
Eversion – turning the sole of the
foot outward or laterally
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Trunk flexion – shortening the trunk
Trunk extension – extending the trunk
Lateral flexion – Bending side to side
Lateral rotation – turning from side- side
Circumduction –circular fashion
Opposition – Thumb to pinky
Thumb flexion – soda can
Internal Rotation – rotation toward the
midline of the body
• External Rotation – rotating the bone
away from the midline of the body
• Pronation – internally rotating either the
radius or foot
• Supination – externally rotating either the
radius or foot
• Get together in groups of 2 or 3.
• Fill in the anatomical movements that describe the position of
these parts of the body:
• Clavicle (collarbone)
• Scapula
• Olecranon Process
• Cranium
• Quadriceps
• Gluteals
• Ulna
• Humerus in relation to trunk
INJURY SPECIFIC TERMINOLOGY
•Acute- sudden, immediate, just
happened
•Chronic – ongoing, gradual
•Abrasion – any injury that rubs off
the surface of the skin
•Adhesion – scar tissue
•Aerobic – exercise in which energy
needed is supplied by oxygen
•Anaerobic – exercise without the use
of oxygen as an energy source
• Anaphylaxis – severe allergic
reaction, can be life threatening
•Anatomy – study of the structures
of the body
•Anti-inflammatory – any agent
which prevents inflammation
•Inflammation- the body’s natural
response to injury in which the
injury site might display various
degrees of pain, swelling, heat,
redness, and/or loss of function
(itis)
•Asymptomatic- without
symptoms
•Symptomatic – with symptoms
•Atrophy – to shrink
•Hypertrophy – to grow
TERMINOLOGY CONTINUED
•Capsule – an enclosing structure
which surrounds the joint and
contains ligaments which stabilize t
•Congenital – born with it
•Concentric – shortening of the
muscle
•Eccentric – lengthening of the
muscle
•Cryotherapy – a treatment with use
of cold
•Cyst – abnormal sac containing
liquid or semi-solid matter
•Avulsion – the tearing away of a
structure
•Avascular necrosis – death of a part due
to lack of circulation
•Vascular – blood
•Axilla – armpit
•Cartilage – Smooth, slippery substance
preventing two ends of bones from
rubbing together and grating
•Contusion (bruise) – a discoloration of
the skin due to an compilation of blood
into the underlying tissues
•Ecchymosis – discoloration
•Bursa- fluid filled sac that provides
lubrication to joints
TERMINOLOGY CONT…
•Deformity – something out of
place, unusual
•Diagnosis – identification of a
disease or disorder
•Dislocation – complete
displacement of joint surfaces
•Dysfunction – unable to
function normally
•Disc – flat, rounded plate
between each vertebrae of the
spine (cushion, shock absorber)
•Edema – swelling
•Effusion – accumulation of
fluid
•Fascia – connective tissue
sheath consisting of fibrous
tissue and fat which unites the
skin to the underlying tissue
•Fracture – breach in
community of a bone
•Glenohumeral – shoulder
girdle (glenoid capsule, head of
the humerus and labrum)
•Guarding – involuntary
protective reflex (muscle
contraction)
MORE TERMINOLOGY…
•Hematoma – tumor-like mass
produced by a coagulation of blood
in a cavity
•Hemhorrage – to bleed
•Interosseous Membrane –
uniting membrane between tibia
and fibula
•Isometric contraction – tension is
developed without the muscle
lengthening or contracting
•Isokinetic – active resistive
exercise that puts a load on a joint
or muscle at a fixed speed
•Joint – the point of juncture
between two or more bones where
movement takes place
•Lesion – wound or tumor
•Ligament – band of fibrous tissue
that connects bone to bone or bone
to cartilage to help strengthen joints
•Myositis – inflammation of a
muscle
•Necrosis – death to tissue
•Neuron – a nerve cell
•Paraesthesia – sensation of
numbness, tingling
•Pathology – study of the nature
and cause of injury
•Plica – fold of tissue in joint
capsule
MORE AND MORE
•Radiating – pain that
seems to travel from one
point in the musculature
to another
•Referred Pain – pain
felt in an undamaged area
of body away from actual
injury
•Subluxation – Partial
dislocation of a joint.
•Synovial Fluid –
lubricating fluid for joints
and tendons, in inner
lining of a joint
• Thermotherapy - use of
heat to treat a disease or
disorder
• Tendon - tissue that
connects muscle to bone
• Vasoconstriction –
decrease of vessel diameter
• Vasodilation – increase of
vessel diameter
NOW IS THE TIME TO ASK
QUESTIONS?
Any Questions?
POP QUIZ
1. Name the three planes of movement.
2. What