TOOLBOX TALKS SUITE
Contents
2
GUIDANCE TO EMPLOYEES AND EMPLOYERS ............................................................................ 3
3
SAFETY AWARENESS ............................................................................................................................... 5
4
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................ 7
5
HOUSEKEEPING .......................................................................................................................................... 8
6
SAFETY SIGNS AND NOTICES ............................................................................................................... 9
7
SKIN CARE .................................................................................................................................................. 10
8
FIRE ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
9
ALCOHOL AND DRUGS.......................................................................................................................... 14
10
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS ............................................................................................................. 15
11
NEEDLE STICK INJURIES ..................................................................................................................... 17
12
WEIL’S DISEASE (LEPTOSPIROSIS) ................................................................................................ 19
13
WORK AT HEIGHT .................................................................................................................................. 20
14
HARNESS AWARENESS ........................................................................................................................ 21
15
USE OF LADDERS .................................................................................................................................... 22
16
STEP LADDERS......................................................................................................................................... 23
17
TOWER SCAFFOLDS .............................................................................................................................. 24
18
MOBILE ELEVATED WORK PLATFORMS (MEWPs) ................................................................ 25
19
SLIPS / TRIPS ............................................................................................................................................ 26
20
SCAFFOLDING........................................................................................................................................... 27
21
PODIUM STEPS ......................................................................................................................................... 28
22
HAND TOOLS............................................................................................................................................. 29
23
ABRASIVE WHEELS ............................................................................................................................... 30
24
VIBRATION ................................................................................................................................................ 31
25
PORTABLE ELECTRIC TOOLS ............................................................................................................ 32
26
ASBESTOS AWARENESS ...................................................................................................................... 33
27
FALSE CEILING VOIDS .......................................................................................................................... 34
28
RAISED FLOORING ................................................................................................................................. 35
29
EXCAVATIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 36
30
CONFINED SPACES ................................................................................................................................. 37
31
WEATHER CONDITIONS ...................................................................................................................... 39
32
HOT WORKS .............................................................................................................................................. 41
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33
COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS ........................................................................................................ 42
34
WELDING SAFETY .................................................................................................................................. 43
35
WORKING WITH ELECTRICITY ........................................................................................................ 45
36
WORKING IN RISERS ............................................................................................................................. 47
37
RESPIRATORS AND MASKS ................................................................................................................ 48
38
SELECTION AND USE OF GLOVES ................................................................................................... 49
39
MANUAL HANDLING ............................................................................................................................. 50
40
MATERIAL STACKING ........................................................................................................................... 52
41
LONE WORKING ...................................................................................................................................... 53
42
WORK RELATED STRESS .................................................................................................................... 55
43
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS ..................................................................................................... 56
44
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES - DUST, EMISSIONS and ODOUR POLLUTION .................... 57
45
WATER POLLUTION .............................................................................................................................. 58
46
CONTROL OF DUST AND FUME ........................................................................................................ 60
47
WORKING TRACKSIDE ......................................................................................................................... 61
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1
GUIDANCE TO EMPLOYEES AND EMPLOYERS
1.1
Introduction
This talk is to be used with Toolbox Talk No. 2 (Safety Awareness)
By providing Health and Safety guidance for employees. These guidelines should provide a basic
knowledge of Health and Safety procedures and actions for
Employees and employers; plus providing a basis for safety management
1.2 Procedures.
Employers have a duty to provide information, instruction and training on the hazards and risks
that employees face at work. This duty is further emphasized by the Health and Safety
(Consultation with Employees) Regulations requiring that employers actively involve employees
in the management and control of risks.
1.3 Toolbox Talk
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Study your company’s safety policy, which explains the arrangements made for your health
and safety.
You have a legal duty to take reasonable care of your own health and safety at work.
You also have a legal duty to show consideration towards the health and safety of the people
you work with and members of the public.
When protective clothing and/or equipment are issued for your use - wear and/or use it as
instructed - If it is defective or unsuitable, tell your supervisor/line manager immediately.
Play your part in keeping the site TIDY AND SAFE.
Watch out for warning notices and OBEY the warnings given and be aware that site
conditions may change throughout the duration of a project.
Always keep alert if you are working in the vicinity of mobile plant.
Never attempt to operate a machine unless you have been trained and authorised to do so.
You must not ride on machines that have no passenger seat.
Never interfere with ladders or alter scaffolding or move boards unless you are properly
authorised to do so.
Never throw anything from any height. Lower it properly.
Do not take short cuts - use access equipment and routes provided.
Lifting heavy objects or materials can cause injury. Obtain assistance when necessary. Use
mechanical lifting aids wherever possible for any very heavy materials and equipment.
Report any defects or damage to ladders, scaffolding, plant or tools or any other unsafe
circumstances, to the site management at once. Do not use/continue working until the
damage/unsafe circumstance is rectified.
Report all accidents involving injury, however slight, to your site manager. Details of an
accident necessitating first-aid treatment must be recorded.
If in doubt about the safety of your job, ask your supervisor or line manager to explain in
detail the safety measures required. They must provide you with an agreed risk assessment
for your job — you must read and sign it, though you must ensure that you agree with what
is written. You must also be part of the risk assessment procedure.
Construction sites are particularly inviting to young children. Your co-operation in
discouraging children from entering the site will help to prevent accidents to them.
It is illegal to interfere with any item or piece of equipment provided for Health &Safety
purposes.
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19. Do not use or interfere with any item of work equipment or access equipment that has not
been issued to you.
20. Ensure you have been inducted onto the site and have read, understood and signed all Risk
Assessments, Method Statements and Control Of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH)
Assessments that apply to your work and location.
21. Remember the way you behave at work is important for reducing accidents and that you
must challenge any unsafe acts, whether they are being committed by your work colleague/s
or other workers.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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2
SAFETY AWARENESS
There are far too many fatalities and reported injuries in the UK construction industry, many of which
could have been prevented by a greater awareness of health and safety at Work.
The purpose of this talk is to encourage you to have an alert attitude to safety when working, also to
improve your safety and the safety of people around you. Your own positive actions and attitude on a
day to day basis can help promote health and safety and have a major influence on others around.
Everybody has a duty for health and safety at work that includes you, your employer, your colleagues
and possibly members of the public.
The only possible way that we can reduce accidents is by everyone playing their part in safety. The
following points to consider and good practice guidelines give you a broad understanding of your
duties under the Health and Safety at Work Act and how you can act safely.
2.1 Toolbox Talk
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It is your legal responsibility to take reasonable care of your own health & Safety and to
those around you and the public at large that could be affected by your work activities.
You must co-operate with your employer in the interests of health, safety and welfare.
Fines of up to £20,000 per offence can be imposed on you if you interfere with any item or
equipment used for health and safety purposes.
Training must be given to you on numerous subjects such as COSHH, Working at height,
Asbestos awareness, Personal Protective Equipment or Safety Equipment, Risk assessment,
for example.
You must use any item of Personal Protective Equipment or Safety Equipment as instructed;
if you are not sure how to use it—ASK.
Every employer (with more than 5 employees) must have a written health and safety policy.
You must have access to this policy—make sure you have read and understood it. Note the
responsibilities section that applies to you.
REMEMBER: Safe attitudes - lead to - Safe actions - which lead to - Safe conditions - which
give - The level of safety you deserve.
Play your part in keeping the site safe and tidy.
Follow instructions given to you by site managers and safety advisers.
Look out for warning notices and obey instructions given on them.
Stay alert when working in the vicinity of moving plant and machinery.
Do not operate equipment unless you have been trained and authorised to do so in writing.
Never ride on machines or hoists that are not designed for passengers, it is illegal.
Do not interfere with ladders or alter scaffolding unless you are authorised to do so.
Never throw or drop anything from any height.
Do not take shortcuts. Use the access routes and equipment provided.
Report any defects or damage to ladders, scaffolding, plant or tools at once.
Report any unsafe practices or situations you come across. If you feel the situation is serious
challenge it.
Report all accidents, however slight, to your supervisor or site management.
Ask your supervisor/manager if in doubt about the safety of any work activity.
Keep yourself familiar with site rules and conditions and be aware of any changes.
Work according to procedures stipulated in risk assessments, method statements and
COSHH assessments.
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2.1.1
Summary
By being familiar with any information or instructions given regarding any equipment provided for
health and safety purposes and by following these basic guidelines for safety awareness, you can do
your part in keeping your workplace safe for yourself and those around you.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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3
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is intended to protect you from risks that cannot be eliminated
or guarded against by other more effective means. This talk briefly discusses the rules and regulations
covering the use of PPE and how they apply to you and your employer.
Toolbox Talk
1.
You have a duty to wear any PPE provided by your employer/Principal Contractor and they
have a duty to see that you do.
2. You must wear and use the PPE in the way it was intended - therefore it must fit you. If it
does not - report it.
3. PPE must be suitable for the risk and the job in hand - if it’s not - report it.
4. PPE must not itself create a new risk - if it does - report it.
5. You have a duty to take care of the PPE and not to abuse it.
6. You have no right to take the PPE off site unless your employer says you can.
7. Otherwise you must return it to the appropriate storage place after use.
8. If you are unsure about how to use PPE (e.g. breathing apparatus) ask for training first. You
must be adequately trained.
9. If there is anything wrong with the PPE provided e.g. worn out, broken, missing, in need of
maintenance or cleaning etc., you must report it.
10. If you know of a problem regarding PPE please report the matter to your supervisor or line
manager immediately.
3.1.1
Summary
REMEMBER — PPE is a last resort when risks cannot be eliminated or guarded against using other
means.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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4
HOUSEKEEPING
Good housekeeping is an essential part of maintaining a safe place of work. We can all help to
achieve this by doing our part to keep the site tidy.
Since a tidy site is likely to be a safe site, this Toolbox Talk aims to encourage this attitude throughout
the workforce and provide some simple techniques for good housekeeping practices.
4.1
Toolbox Talk
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Do not leave materials in gangways/corridors where they might impede safe
Access and egress to the workplace or cause a tripping hazard.
Dismantled wood shall have all the nails removed or made safe by hammering them flat.
Waste must be regularly collected and disposed of into designated refuse skips and
containers as per site instruction, so, in the event of fire the danger is confined and more
easily dealt with.
5. Hazardous waste such as chemical, oils and solvents including paints must be stored and
disposed of to comply with site storage and waste management requirements.
6. If you find damaged tools or equipment, take immediate steps to prevent them being used.
If not repairable they are classified as waste and must be disposed of properly.
7. When work is finished, put tools and PPE away. Do not leave belongings lying around.
8. If you see anything lying around on site that could cause slips, trips or falls move it to a safe
place. If movement of the obstruction is not possible it should be reported. — do not wait
for someone else to move it.
9. Ensure that any unused materials are returned to storage to minimise wastage.
10. If you notice rubbish piling up which you cannot remove, bring this to the attention of your
supervisor or line manager.
11. If when working at height you notice loose objects on boards or walkways, secure or relocate
where they cannot fall.
4.1.1
Summary
REMEMBER — Good housekeeping is everybody’s business on site, it is an on- going activity and a
once-a-week clean-up is NOT enough.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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5
SAFETY SIGNS AND NOTICES
Persons in charge of sites, plant rooms etc., frequently have a need to warn or advise others about
hazards or risks. If we do not understand the signs and notices they put up, we could be in danger.
All safety signs have to conform to the Health and Safety (Safety Signs and Signals) Regulations.
Although safety signs are often all around us it is all too common to find that people do not
understand what the symbols and colours actually mean. This Toolbox Talk is designed to familiarise
the audience with the more common types of safety sign and show some examples.
5.1 Toolbox Talk
TYPES OF SIGNS: 1.
Prohibition Signs:
These signs have a red circle on a white background with a red bar across the front.
For example: Stop, No Entry and No Smoking.
Meaning: DO NOT, YOU MUST NOT, STOP IF YOU ARE.
2.
Mandatory Signs:
These signs have white lettering and/or white symbol on a solid blue circle. For example: Hard Hats
Must Be Worn, Keep Locked Shut.
Meaning: YOU MUST DO, OBEY.
3.
Hazard Warning Signs:
These signs consist of a solid yellow triangle, positioned point up, with a black border. Symbols and
lettering are coloured black on yellow.
For example: Danger, High Voltage, Explosive, and No Running
Meaning: YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED — THEREFORE TAKE CARE.
4.
Safe Condition:
These signs have white symbols and/or lettering on a solid green square.
For example: Meaning: FIRST AID HERE.
5.
Fire Equipment:
These signs have white symbols and/or lettering on a solid red rectangle. Note — fire extinguishers
have their own colour codes, which is covered in another tool- box talk.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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6
SKIN CARE
Dermatitis is a common and serious hazard within the construction industry but, because people
react differently to various substances, it is not possible to be specific regarding which substances
should be avoided. Therefore, general rules should be applied.
Local dermatitis of the hands and arms is common in our industry. Some people can be affected by
different substances within their day to day activities. If you are a sufferer of dermatitis and you know
what activities cause the problem, then you must raise them with your employer for appropriate
action.
6.1 Toolbox Talk
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Implement the safety measures that the COSHH assessments introduce.
Avoid skin contact with substances whenever possible.
Avoid repetitive or prolonged skin contact with substances.
Avoid contact with irritant or allergic substances, if you know you suffer from
eczema or allergy rashes.
Wear the required PPE, in particular suitable gloves.
Do not wear dirty or contaminated clothing.
Keep your workplace clean and mop up spilt substances.
Do not allow resins or glue to harden on your skin.
Personal hygiene is most important. Always wash after using substances.
Never use petrol or de-greasing solvents to clean hands, they are harmful to the skin and
carry a fire risk.
12. Barrier creams have only limited value. Some are water soluble and therefore of no use for
wet work and others are quickly removed during manual handling.
13. Skin conditioning creams for after work application can be beneficial. Always seek medical
attention if you notice a rash develop.
The combination of personal cleanliness and wearing of suitable gloves/working dress is the best
protection for your skin.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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7
FIRE
Fires on building sites regularly cause serious damage and endanger the life of both workers and fire
fighters. The presence of flammable waste materials, solvents, hot work or activities, incomplete
electrical systems increases the risk of fire.
7.1 Toolbox Talk
Fire needs all sides of the triangle to start
1.
Clear away rubbish and waste regularly to the designated areas. If fire breaks out there, it is
more readily confined and dealt with.
2. Never attempt to dispose of rubbish by burning it. Site “bonfires” are illegal.
3. Electrical systems, including temporary supplies, must only be installed by a competent
electrician and must be regularly maintained. Faulty wiring can cause electrical fires.
4. Construction Sites and the workplace are vulnerable to the risk of fire breaking out because
of: temporary heat sources, possible smoking, intermittent occupation, waste packaging,
newspapers and debris etc. Extra vigilance should be exercised for and regular checks and
inspections of all areas carried out.
5. Smoking is NOT permitted in the workplace. Public and designated smoking areas local to the
workplace should be kept clean and tidy and regularly inspected. Always use provided
containers to extinguish and dispose of tobacco products.
6. High Intensity lights shall not be covered or placed near combustible materials. They shall be
securely fixed to prevent them falling over. Treat them as though they were heaters.
7. Ensure you know your part in the site fire safety plan. Know where extinguishers are and
make sure you know how to use them. Make sure you know the evacuation procedure and
where your escape route is.
8. YOUR LIFE MAY DEPEND ON YOUR PLAYING YOUR PART IN FIRE PREVENTION
9. Before you even consider fighting a fire, you must ensure that all persons in the area are
alerted to leave the building/site and that someone calls the fire service.
10. The first question you must ask yourself is whether or not to fight a fire at all. In most cases,
a portable fire extinguisher only offers sufficient firefighting agent to fight a relatively small
fire.
11. It may be more effective and safer to leave the fire to the emergency services.
12. If you leave a fire, close off the area as you go by shutting doors and ensure the areas are
evacuated.
7.1.1
Categories of Fire
CLASS A Ordinary Combustibles (paper, wood, cardboard);
CLASS B Flammable and combustible liquids (solvents);
CLASS C Flammable gases (LPG, hydrogen);
CLASS D Combustible metals;
CLASS E Electrical fires; and
CLASS F Cooking oils and fats.
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7.1.2
Types of Fire Extinguisher
Water
Solid red in Colour;
Suitable on Class A fires;
Not considered effective on Class B and C fires; and.
Dangerous if used on electrical equipment or cooking oils and fats.
Carbon Dioxide C02
Red with a black band;
Suitable on Class E fires; and
Has limited effectiveness on Class A, Class B, Class C and Class F fires.
Foam
Red with a cream band;
Suitable on Class B fires and may be used on Class A and F fires; and
Dangerous if used on electric equipment.
Dry Chemical or Powder
Red with a blue band;
These extinguishers are rated as either ABE or BE;
ABE rated extinguishers are considered suitable on Class A, Class B; Class C (as long as the powder is
inert) and Class E fires. They are not effective on Class F fires; and
BE rated extinguishers are suitable on Class B, Class C, and Class E fires.
Wet Chemical
Red with an oatmeal band;
Suitable on Class F fires and may be used on Class A fire;
Not considered effective on Class B or Class C fires; and
Dangerous if used on Class E fires.
Vaporising Liquid
Red with a yellow band;
Suitable on Class A, Class E fires;
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Has limited effectiveness on Class B and Class C fires; and
Not considered effective on Class F fires.
7.1.3
Summary
Knowledge of the types of fire and firefighting equipment could make the difference in an emergency,
but familiarity with fire and emergency procedures are essential. By following the simple precautions
in this talk, you can do your part in reducing the risks of a fire breaking out on site.
Site specific fire escape routes and assembly points should be pointed out to you.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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8
ALCOHOL AND DRUGS
You must neither be in possession, nor be under the influence of alcohol or drugs whilst at work.
The only exception is where you are taking drugs prescribed by a medical practitioner and where such
drugs do not affect the ability to carry out your work in a manner which is safe both to yourself and
others. If you are taking such drugs, or any medication that has an adverse side effect, discuss the
matter with your line manager before commencing work.
8.1 Toolbox Talk
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Employees found to be under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs will not be permitted on
site.
Heavy drinking the night before a workday can still affect your reactions. Allow sufficient
time for alcohol to work its way out of your system.
Never be fooled into thinking “just the one” will be alright. Even a single drink can be lethal
especially if you are working at height or using power operated machinery.
If you are under the influence of drugs or alcohol, your judgement will be impaired and can
lead to mistakes, especially if using machinery, or driving site vehicles, such as Mobile
Elevated Work Platforms (MEWP’s), which can cause serious accidents.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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9
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS
Blood borne pathogens are micro-organisms found in human blood that cause human diseases.
Exposure to blood borne pathogens is possible through contact with the bodily fluids of other people.
This can be through accidents on site, poor cleanliness of site welfare facilities or in the course of your
work or leisure activities. Plumbers who work on live sewage pipes and drains will need to take
particular care.
The most common diseases caused by blood-borne pathogens are Hepatitis B, C and D. Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
We can protect ourselves from coming into contact with bodily fluids; including human blood, urine,
mucus, and saliva for example, by following the simple good practice pointers below. Remember that
discarded syringes have a potential risk.
9.1 Toolbox Talk
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9.1.1
Plumbers are often at risk of infection when working on public health systems. They can
often be exposed to diseases via direct contact with human waste.
If there is an accident at work, where blood is present, anyone coming into contact with the
blood — e.g. first aiders or cleaners — could be exposed.
Site welfare facilities including toilets, changing facilities and canteens can pose an exposure
risk if a high level of cleanliness is not maintained.
Those working on or near public health or waste disposal services are at risk.
Be aware that some people do not always respect the health and welfare of others and may
put others at risk with anti-social behaviour. This includes the discarding of drug syringes,
urinating, spitting and vomiting in public places.
Care should be taken at all times when working in healthcare buildings such as hospitals,
clinics and care homes.
Treat all bodily fluids as if they are infectious.
Treat all needles/syringes as if they are infectious.
If you are helping an injured colleague, wear personal protective clothing, if possible.
Suitable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes rubber gloves (designed for
protection against blood borne pathogens) and face shields.
If you are required to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, a breathing mask with a one-way
valve should be used.
All PPE must be readily available and used.
When working in areas where bodily fluids could be present, correctly graded rubber gloves
and face shields must be worn.
Show consideration to others and do not spit or urinate outside of the toilet - even if you are
sure you have no diseases.
Employers must provide clean and safe welfare facilities. If you have any doubts about the
condition of the facilities provided, inform your supervisor or manager of your concerns.
Make sure you have a strict hygiene regime and that all cuts, abrasions or burns are properly
protected.
Make sure you wash your hands before handling food and drink and before you handle
cigarettes, if you are a smoker.
Summary
If you come into contact with syringes, blood or bodily fluids, your employer must make
arrangements for you to receive the necessary inoculations for hepatitis B and
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Tetanus within 24 hours.
If you know there is a risk of you being infected, seek medical attention immediately. It is also
advisable for employees such as plumbers who work regularly with public health systems, e.g.
maintenance activities, to obtain these inoculations on a regular basis.
Contact your supervisor or line manager immediately when there is an exposure.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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10 NEEDLE STICK INJURIES
From time to time there may be work activities on numerous types of contracts, e.g. hospitals,
housing estates, public venues, care homes etc, where there may be a risk of coming into contact
with hypodermic syringes, needles or drug abuse paraphernalia. These items can be hidden in ducts,
or behind plumbing services in toilets, etc, in hospitals and laboratories, hypodermic syringes or other
sharp objects may have been incorrectly disposed of and left in an unsafe manner. Extra care
therefore needs to be taken against the possible risks of needle stick injuries.
Risk assessments must be carried out, which must include very thorough visual inspections of all areas
before work commences. If a needle stick injury occurs there may be a risk of infections, which could
lead to serious illness. If you accidentally puncture your skin, you could become infected with a
serious disease, such as Hepatitis B, C or D.
This talk will cover the actions you should take if you discover a syringe or if you puncture your skin
with a hypodermic needle or other sharp needles/pieces of drug paraphernalia or medical
instruments e.g. scalpels.
10.1 Toolbox Talk
If You Find a Needle or Syringe
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It has probably been used by a drug user and may be contaminated by infected blood.
Do not touch it or move it (with the exception of conditions noted
below).
Contact a responsible person to safeguard it whilst you report the matter to your supervisor
or line manager.
Inform the client or principal contractor immediately.
Inform site medical personnel, if available.
If you do not have a nurse on site, your supervisor/ line manager should contact the local
authority Environmental Health Department.
If any of the objects described above are discovered then the following actions shall be
taken:
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Whenever possible do not handle the item.
If the item needs to be removed, then appropriate protective gloves must be worn, that will
safeguard against a puncture injury. (This must be agreed within a risk assessment) (Use a
lifter type grab or shovel etc. for this task.)
Carry with the needle pointing downwards.
Do not wrap it in paper or put it into a litterbin.
If available, place it in a clear glass bottle or jar.
Dispose of it safely via the site nurse, client procedures, local police or the Environmental
Health Department.
Wash your hands thoroughly on completion.
If you puncture your skin:
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Try not to panic.
Gently squeeze the area around the wound to encourage bleeding.
Do not suck the wound.
Wash the site of the injury thoroughly with soap and water at the first opportunity.
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12. Obtain medical assistance as soon as possible from either the site nurse or the nearest
hospital with an Accident and Emergency Department.
13. If you can do so safely, take the syringe or needle with you.
14. If dealt with properly and promptly, the risks of a resulting health problem are small.
15. If you require it, counselling will be arranged by your employer/Personnel Department.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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11 WEIL’S DISEASE (LEPTOSPIROSIS)
Leptospirosis organism can infect humans by entering the body through broken skin, or through
sensitive areas such as the eye, ear, nose and mouth. Leptospirosis starts as a mild flu-like disease but
quickly becomes serious and can even be fatal if left untreated.
The presence of rats on construction sites or other work locations where maintenance is carried out is
often unavoidable, but efforts shall be made to use pest control measures to discourage vermin from
these areas.
The risk of Weil’s disease will remain, even when the rats are not present because the micro-organism
is carried in the rat’s urine. The risk is greater when working near water, particularly if you come into
contact with the water.
11.1 Toolbox Talk
1.
All sightings of rodents are to be reported to your supervisor or manager for regular
screening of the site.
2. The symptoms of Leptospirosis are very similar to those of flu pneumonias. If you have these
symptoms and suspect you may have become contaminated, then ask your employer/doctor
for a blood test.
3. Do not handle the carcases of dead rats or other vermin found on site.
4. Each site cabin/office must be kept clean and accumulations of dirt and refuse removed daily
from floors and work surfaces.
5. Refuse and debris should be placed in plastic bags and removed, and the floor(s) must be
cleaned.
6. Domestic food waste should only to be disposed of in sealed bags and placed within the
appropriate refuse skips.
7. Food and drink should only be consumed in designated areas. Even crumbs can attract
rodents.
8. To reduce the risks of cuts, always use suitable PPE (gloves) when installing sheet materials,
tray plate, and/or containments with suspect sharp edges or protrusions. Get first aid
treatment for all cuts and grazes and keep them covered.
9. Wash your hands and forearms prior to any intake of food, drink, before smoking and prior
to using the toilet or touching your eyes, ears, nose or mouth. Washing facilities with an
effective means of drying must be available and kept in a clean and orderly condition.
10. You should also wash hands and forearms at the end of the working day and wash any
clothing you suspect may have become contaminated.
11.1.1
Summary
By following simple housekeeping practices, like most of you do at home, you can discourage rodents
from site. If the site has a waste management system, you can help reduce the possibility of rodents
and Weil’s disease by doing your part to help manage waste by following site rules.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
19
12 WORK AT HEIGHT
Working at height is an integral part of our day to day activities.
Many fatal and serious accidents occur as a result of people falling. Remember you don’t necessarily
have to fall very far to sustain a serious injury. Falls from height account for around half of all fatalities
in the construction industry. Since the introduction of the Work at Height Regulations in 2005 there is
no distinction between low and high falls
12.1 Toolbox Talk
1
2
3
4
The use of stepladders must be considered as a last resort and every effort made to use an
alternative.
Never carry out work of a heavy nature from stepladders or ladders. All work from these
items must be of a light nature, and short duration with minimum amount of tools.
Fragile roofs are responsible for many work at height fatalities and major injuries at work.
Check that a safe system of work is in place.
 The use of podium steps or other access equipment must be considered;
 Work must be properly planned;
 Risk assessments must be carried out;
 Never carry tools up a ladder but make arrangements to raise them using a rope or
other means to your place of work;
 All work platforms must have guardrails and toe boards to prevent falls of people, and
tools and equipment from falling onto people below.
 Where access is needed to maintain equipment on a roof where there is no edge
protection, temporary edge protection (preferably) or restraint systems must be used.
 Fall arrest devices must be used wherever necessary, but as a last resort.
 Be aware of fragile roofs and structures
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
20
13 HARNESS AWARENESS
The use of harnesses in the workplace is now very common.
Following the introduction of the Work at Height Regulations there is no restriction on what height is
considered work at height, therefore any activity at any height whereby a fall is likely to cause injury is
relevant. Risks and control measures must be identified. Make sure that the risk assessment and
method statement are in place forming a safe system of work.
There are many activities that will require a harness to protect the user from falling. It is of
paramount importance that the correct harness is selected and that the user has a full understanding
on how to wear and use the harness and its associated equipment.
13.1 Toolbox Talk
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4
Confirm that the harness is of the correct type for the task, this should be identified in
the safe system of work.
Carry out a visual and tactile assessment of the harness; look for any possible factors
that may affect the integrity and safe use of the harness. Such as:
·
Abrasions;
·
Cuts;
·
UV exposure;
·
Chemical damage; or
·
General “wear and tear”.
Check PPE records to confirm status of all harness and fall-restraint or fall-arrest equipment.
Make sure that the harness is worn and fitted correctly and that any additional equipment
such as lanyards and fall arrest devices are attached correctly.
Ask work colleagues to assist in final equipment checks to ensure that all parts of the
equipment are fitted correctly and ready for safe use.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
21
14 USE OF LADDERS
Much of our work involves gaining access to plant and equipment that has been designed in such a
way that it is installed out of reach. We therefore need to use access equipment (steps, ladders,
towers, MEWPs and scaffolding) to allow safe access and egress. A risk assessment for the task must
be carried out to establish the safest method. Ladders are one of the most used pieces of equipment
on construction sites and must be selected and used correctly.
Ladders are essentially used as a means of access and egress and must only be used as such. However
ladders may be used for very short duration tasks, of a very light nature with the absolute minimal
amount of tools where alternative platforms would be impracticable and where these tasks can be
safely carried out using a ladder. A few easily memorised practices can ensure that you set up and use
ladders safely.
14.1 Toolbox Talk
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Ladders must have a firm footing on even ground and be secured at the upper end by tie
fixing. Where such securing is not possible, securing at or near the base is necessary. When
securing at the top or bottom is not possible, a person must ‘foot the ladder’. All access
ladders must extend at least 1m above (about 5 rungs) the landing point, or a suitable
acceptable handhold must be provided.
The maximum height to be reached by a ladder is 9m unless a resting place can be provided.
(Greater heights require a scaffold or tower scaffold to ensure “a safe means of access and
egress”). Ladders of this height must only be used for gaining access and egress. They should
not be used as a working platform
Ladders must be placed at a safe angle of one out for every four up. This means; distance
from base of ladder to the wall must be 1/4 height reached by the ladder.
Beware of overhead obstructions such as power lines.
Do not use a ladder in a driveway or passageway unless protected by barriers or an assistant
is constantly in attendance.
Only use ladders for work of short duration and which can safely be done from a ladder, e.g.
work requiring only one hand and within easy reaching distance.
Ladders must be of sound material, strong enough for the purpose and properly maintained.
(No splits, warping, decay, damage etc.) A missing or defective rung condemns a ladder
automatically. Wooden ladders must not be painted — this hides defects.
Only one person shall stand on a ladder at one time, except when a second person is footing
the ladder.
Do not overload a ladder, the person and their equipment must not exceed the highest
stated load.
When climbing or descending ladders, both hands are needed, so carry tools etc. in a
shoulder bag or suchlike (or hoist them up independently).
Never overreach from a ladder — get down and move the ladder.
Remove excessive mud and grease (etc.) from footwear prior to ascending / descending a
ladder.
Always inspect a ladder before using it and report immediately any defects or breaking of
these rules. Make sure that no one else uses a defective ladder by clearly labelling it as
defective. If it is beyond repair, ensure that it is broken up to prevent possible further use by
anyone.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
22
15 STEP LADDERS
Folding stepladders are an extremely convenient way of accessing work which is out of reach, but
familiarity can lead to carelessness. Stepladders are probably the most “borrowed” item of all site
equipment. Make sure you use stepladders owned by your employer because borrowed steps could
be damaged and faulty and present a risk. Only use your company’s equipment which must be
regularly checked and inspected for any faults.
15.1 Toolbox Talk
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15.1.1
Always open the stepladder to its fullest extent, so that it cannot suddenly spread while you
are on it.
Ensure that all four stiles are on firm, level ground.
Always have a secure hand hold. You must never stand on the very top of the steps, as the
risk of falling is high, there being nothing to hold onto. For stepladders do not use the top 2
steps, unless there is a suitable handrail fitted.
Do not use the top 3 steps of a swing-back or double-sided stepladder where the step forms
the very top of the stepladder unless there is a suitable handrail fitted. (These handrails must
be part of the design of the manufacturer’s equipment)
Place the stepladder at right angles to the work so that twisting the body is not necessary,
making sure you always face the work. This will maintain a low centre of gravity.
An assistant standing on the bottom step also lowers the centre of gravity of the stepladder
very effectively, but make sure the assistant understands their role and does not step off
suddenly.
When climbing or descending stepladders, both hands are needed, so carry tools etc., in a
tool belt or shoulder bag..
Never overreach from a stepladder. Get down and move the stepladder.
Safe use of stepladders
Stepladders must be suitable. “Domestic” type DIY stepladders are not suitable. All
stepladders shall meet the necessary British/European standards.
Check the anti-spread devices (cords, clips, brackets, etc.). Remember, if they are defective,
it is illegal!
Check the folding mechanisms (hinges, pins, rivets, etc.)
Check for splits, warping, decay or broken treads.
12
Check that four stile feet are in good condition. If they are of metal construction,
ensure that non-slip feet are fitted and are in good condition.
Remove excessive mud and grease (etc.) from footwear prior to ascending or descending a
stepladder and keep the treads clean.
Check on regular basis (weekly). Keep an equipment inspection record and indicate the date
of the next inspection.
Work shall be of a short duration, of a light nature, with minimum tools.
Never carry out heavy material/equipment installation using stepladders. Other more
substantial work platforms must be provided.
Summary
Establishing a habit of checking off a mental list each time a stepladder is used, will lead to safe
working.
If permission is granted to use other contractor’s stepladders, always check that they are in good
order before using, but this is a last resort. Use company stepladders where possible.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
23
16 TOWER SCAFFOLDS
Tower and/or mobile scaffolds are now common-use equipment on most jobs and providing they are
used correctly, enable high level working to be carried out safely.
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations and the Work at Height Regulations set
standards for the regular inspection and maintenance of mobile towers and scaffolds, as they can be
abused by users and over time become damaged. It is also important that only competent persons
erect towers and scaffolds and have an accepted certificate of training e.g. PASMA.
16.1 Toolbox Talk
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Make sure you have, and always follow, the manufacturer’s instructions.
Never use damaged components or compromise on safety, should parts be missing.
An inspection must be carried out by a competent person before an assembled tower is put
to use.
Towers used internally must not exceed a platform height of 3.5 times the shortest base
dimension (3 times for external work) but remember to check the manufacturer’s
instructions for base to height ratio which may be different. Outriggers or stabilisers can be
fitted to permit an increase in platform height, where the manufacturer’s instructions specify
their use.
Wheels must be locked when the tower or scaffold is in use and turned outwards to increase
the base dimension.
Use only on firm level surfaces or provide suitable support where the ground is soft.
Guardrail protection must be provided on all tower scaffold platforms to prevent falls,
regardless of the height.
Do not overload the work platform. Always check the manufacturer’s safe working load.
Do not lift heavy equipment up the outside of the tower unless the tower is tied into the
structure. Lifting from within the tower base is preferable.
Take care when exerting horizontal thrust (over aggressive moment/pushing/pulling) so as
not to overturn the tower.
Do not use boxes or stepladders on the work platform to gain additional height.
Always use the internal ladder facility and never climb on the outside of a tower.
Intermediate rest platforms must be provided where the access ladder exceeds 9 metres in
height. These are not working platforms and must not be used as such.
Work platforms must be fully boarded and trapdoors kept shut when the platform is in use.
Never move a tower or scaffold with men or material on the platform.
Only move a tower or scaffold by manually pushing or pulling at the base and always check
the manufacturer’s instructions when outriggers or stabilisers are being used.
Partial dismantling is usually necessary when the height of the tower or scaffold being
moved exceeds 2.5 times the minimum base dimension. Always check the manufacturer’s
instructions.
Always check for unguarded holes, obstructions, overhead beams/services, etc. before
moving a tower scaffold.
Beware of high winds or gusty conditions when towers are used externally.
Check the tower scaffold at regular intervals and replace any damaged components that may
be identified.
If in doubt ask your supervisor and never take chances.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
24
17 MOBILE ELEVATED WORK PLATFORMS (MEWPs)
Mobile elevated work platforms commonly known as MEWPS have become far more commonly used
in recent years. They allow safe access and egress and assist in maintaining suitable working position
for many tasks. This all proving they are used safely and correctly. Accidents arising from the incorrect
use of MEWPs can be very serious and result in major injury or death.
Many serious accidents have occurred as a result of incorrect use of MEWPs which come in many
varied designs.
The two main types of MEWPS are Scissor and Boom lift (cherry pickers), specific operator’s
instruction must be acquired prior to operation of any machine type MEWP.
17.1 Toolbox Talk
1.
Unless you are the holder of a valid operator’s certificate, under no circumstances are you
permitted to operate a MEWP.
2. The MEWP must not be used as a crane to move or carry heavy equipment and materials. It
is only acceptable to carry light materials and personnel associated with activities being
carried out from the platform of the MEWP.
3. Under no circumstances should a MEWP be used as a hoist to transfer persons to site
locations, this should be done by other means such as a lift or temporary site hoist.
4. Never climb aboard or dismount from a MEWP until instructed by the operator and the
platform is fully lowered.
5. Persons at ground level are to stand clear of the machine whilst it is travelling and when the
platform is being raised or lowered.
6. Understand and always abide by the manufacturer’s safety requirements regarding safe
working loads, etc. The certificated operator will be conversant with them.
7. Whilst the certificated operator is responsible for inspecting the MEWP on each occasion it is
used, every user shall satisfy themselves that they will be able to work safely with the
MEWP. For example, is the access gate firmly secured?
8. When using a scissor lift, a fall restraint harness should be worn if the activity involves
leaning out across the handrail.
9. Fall restraint harnesses should always be worn whenever working from articulated and
telescopic boom (cherry pickers) MEWPs.
10. Always remain vigilant for obstructions either at high level above or on the travel route.
Assist the operator by being observant.
11. Check that security wires to guardrail securing pins are taped back so that “loops” are not
left exposed.
12. Always check access and egress routes for integrity and make sure that road and access
surfaces are suitable for the weight of the machine (MEWP).
Be aware and avoid overhead cables and obstructions.
Be aware and avoid any excavation areas or other ground depressions or voids.
Be aware of other road and site traffic.
Be aware and monitor the weather conditions.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
25
18 SLIPS / TRIPS
A large proportion of accidents that occurred on site are due to incidents of slipping or tripping. The
majority of which would not have occurred had the individuals concerned remained aware of their
surroundings and taken greater care.
A constant need to be aware of the work surroundings is crucial, many slip and trip hazards are
common on manufacturing and construction sites. It is important to prevent as many hazards, by
maintaining a good housekeeping regime.
18.1 Toolbox Talk
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Avoid whenever possible any areas containing discarded or waste materials.
Do not walk through areas where there is poor or no lighting as there may be hazards you
cannot see, or materials lying around which you can slip, trip or fall over resulting in possible
injury.
Use designated walkways whenever possible and report to your line management if any
walkway becomes obstructed.
Where a route through obstructions cannot be avoided, pick your way through with great
care. Report such obstructed routes to site management.
Never step on loose bricks or other discarded material that could topple over and cause you
to fall.
DO NOT Walk across stacks of timber or pipework as the stack could collapse without
warning resulting in possibly injury.
Never walk across loose sheet material as they can be extremely slippery.
Always try to walk around wet and possible slippery areas and avoid areas where material
spillage has occurred.
Never walk through areas that are flooded or contain heavy water content they could be
concealing a potential hazard such as a hole or other unforeseen dangerous condition.
Always be aware of unguarded holes, excavations, and loose floor coverings and uneven
floor surfaces.
Take care when encountering any loose cables or hoses crossing your path.
Beware of any flooring that has become wet, especially on a ramp or inclined surface.
When carrying goods, always ensure you can see where you are walking.
Walking across a site can be dangerous - always be vigilant.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
26
19 SCAFFOLDING
Only fully trained scaffolders are permitted to erect alter or dismantle any section of a scaffold.
However, you also have a responsibility and duty to ensure the scaffold remains safe and is used
safely.
The Work at Height Regulations and supporting Health and Safety Regulations and industry standards
sets out the criteria for safe working at heights. All-purpose built scaffolds must be handed over in
good order with the necessary certification of completion by the scaffolding company.
19.1 Toolbox Talk
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Climb up or down without using the ladders provided.
Remove or alter any part of the structure.
Remove or reposition any structural ties.
Remove any platform boards.
Increase working height by constructing temporary platforms (however low) using makeshift
material, hop ups or stepladders.
6. Dig trenches or holes beneath or close to a scaffold without formal authorisation.
7. Use a scaffold that does not have all necessary guard-rails and toe-boards fitted or which has
a general “unsatisfactory” appearance.
8. Overload a platform with heavy material or allow stored material to rise above the toe-board
height. Always check safe working loads. It may be permissible for stored material to be
placed above toe-board height provided there are metal brick guards or other rigid means of
edge protection.
9. Throw or drop anything from off a scaffold.
10. Use a scaffold that displays a “not to be used” notice of some description.
You must always:
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6.
Request that a competent scaffolder alters any part of the structure if it is obstructing your
work.
Report any instances where the scaffold installation is creating a hazard.
Report any gaps, traps or damaged boards that you notice.
Report any missing guard-rails or toe-boards that you notice.
Ensure any materials being stored are close to a support member.
Report any unsecured ladder used for access.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
27
20 PODIUM STEPS
Since the introduction of the Work at Height Regulations podium steps are very common and being
used in the construction and other industries.
When working at low heights it is highly likely that a podium step may be more suitable to the task in
hand than ladders and step ladders.
20.1 Toolbox Talk
1.
Ensure that you have read the manufacturers assembly guide - if one is not
available, then ask.
1. Do not use podium steps when a tower scaffold is more suited to the task.
2. Fit and use outriggers when practicable, some units now come with permanent
outriggers.
3. Ensure the work platform is at the correct level; do not attempt to fit another work
platform to the middle guardrail.
4. The podium gate should always be closed when you are working on the platform.
5. Do not overstretch, do not stand on the middle guardrail or create side loads, for
example, carrying out cable pulling from podium steps.
6. Greater care should be given when ascending/descending podium steps in poor
weather conditions such as wet, icy or muddy conditions.
7. Check your surrounding work area for slip and trip hazards.
8. Ensure the wheels are locked when working on the podium steps and they are on
level ground.
9. Check the podium steps for damage at the start of every shift.
10. Under no circumstances must the podium steps be moved whilst someone is
standing on the work platform either by another workmate pushing or by yourself.
11. One person only to occupy the podium steps at a time.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
28
21 HAND TOOLS
We all work with hand tools practically every day. Familiarity can lead to complacency. Faulty tools or
wrongly used tools can cause injuries and produce poor quality work.
Take good care of your own health and safety. This means keeping tools in good condition and using
them properly and expertly.
21.1 Toolbox Talk
1.
Spanners - They shall be the right size for the nut or bolt. Ring spanners are better
than open-ended spanners. Open-ended spanners are generally better than
adjustable spanners. The correct operating positioning on the nut or bolt is also
essential.
2. Adjustable Spanners - Although very convenient, these can very quickly become
dangerous due to wear on the jaws and adjusting mechanism. If the jaws are not
more or less parallel, or the sliding jaw is wobbly, report the tool as “unsuitable”.
The correct operating positioning on the nut is also essential.
3. Stillsons - These also suffer in time from wear on the mechanism. The spring will
take up a certain amount of wear, but if the spring is exhausted, or the gripper teeth
on the jaws are worn out, report the tool as “unsuitable”. The correct operating
positioning on the pipe is also essential.
4. NEVER attempt to gain extra leverage by using a piece of pipe over the handle. If the
temptation arises obviously the tool is too small and therefore “unsuitable”.
5. Files - The handle is part of the tool. Without a handle the tool is “unsuitable” and
the tang/shank extremely dangerous. Files are very brittle and shall not be used as
levers or chisels. If a file breaks, fragments of sharp metal are likely to fly off.
6. Cold chisels and punches - When the head turns over after prolonged use forming a
“mushroom”, grind it off to prevent flying fragments. Keeping chisels sharp reduces
the tendency for “mushrooming”.
7. Hammers - Use the right weight hammer for the job. Ensure hammerheads are
secure, with proper wedges and in good order. Never shorten a hammer shaft as
this spoils the balance and could strain the wrist.
8. Screwdrivers - These shall fit the slot in the screw head, so use the correct size. The
point shall be “cross ground” to minimise the risk of slipping. Do not use them as
chisels. Cross point (Phillips) or other specialist screwdrivers cannot generally be
re-sharpened, so discard these when wear makes them “unsuitable”.
9. Knives - Safety knives (generally covered or retractable blade) shall always be used
where practicable. Whichever type of knife is used, do not abuse it and where a
suitable alternative for particular tasks exists, e.g. cable stripping, use a purposemade cable stripper.
10. Hacksaws - Use the correct size with the correct blade for the job. High-speed blades
last longer, but are very brittle. A slow steady cutting action keeps the blade cool
and gives better results. Always make sure the work is properly secured before
starting to cut.
11. Tool Box/Bag - All hand tools shall be put away when not in use. Good
housekeeping prevents damage and keeps them sharp. Do not walk about with
sharp tools in your pocket, serious injury can result in the event of a slip or fall.
21.1.1
Summary
All tools must be suitable for the job in hand and in good order. Properly used by skilled hands, they
will produce good quality work and not cause accidents. ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
29
22 ABRASIVE WHEELS
Only a competent person who has been trained and certificated may mount abrasive wheels.
However, all users of abrasive wheels must observe the basic safety rules relevant to such equipment.
The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations sets out standards for all equipment. Abrasive
wheels, especially hand held angle grinders, can be dangerous if not used correctly. Only persons who
have been trained and gained suitable experience must use these items.
22.1 Toolbox Talk
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Wear graded safety goggles at all times.
Tie back long hair and make sure there is no loose clothing that could get caught on
revolving machinery.
Any jewellery being worn shall be checked to ensure it cannot get caught up with
revolving machinery.
Keep glass screens clean and in position on bench mounted wheels.
Adjust guards to expose the minimum wheel surface necessary for operation.
Adjust tool rests to be as close as possible to the face of wheel.
Select the correct equipment/grade of wheel for the task in hand.
Never use damaged or warped wheels and, as appropriate, keep face evenly dressed
and/or replace wheels as wear becomes unacceptable.
Do not exert heavy pressure on the wheel. Do not use the side of the wheel as this
can weaken it unless the wheel was designed for the purpose.
Keep a firm hold on the work–piece and fingers clear of the wheel and tool rest.
Remember that cut or ground metal remains hot for a short time and can burn.
Do not let sparks create fire; be aware of the location of firefighting equipment.
Implement preventative/protective measures should the activity create dust of a
substantial or injurious nature.
Test run replacement wheels for a minute after fitting and before attempting
operational use.
Always turn off machines when not in use and allow wheels to stop turning before
putting hand held equipment down.
Never use angle grinders/disc cutters from a ladder or a stepladder.
Make sure chop saws are placed on an even surface and in a position where sparks
cannot start a fire, or fly into peoples’ faces.
Make sure that the correct disc is being used, e.g.
stone or metal.
Make sure the disc mounted is the correct speed for the machine.
Never use the side of a disc cutter to sharpen chisels or to take the burr off the end
of threaded rod, as this will weaken the disc causing the disc to break up at high
speed.
Always check discs for their condition and make sure that they are not
contaminated with oil, or have been left in wet conditions.
Always store discs in a warm dry place.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
30
23 VIBRATION
The aim of this Toolbox Talk is to provide employees with information on the risks associated with the
use of vibrating hand held tools and other equipment that can transmit vibration to the hand and arm
or the whole body. Employers have a legal duty under the Control of Vibration at Work Regulations to
assess the risk to employees from this type of equipment and to ensure that they are not exposed to
vibration over the exposure limit values.
Hand Arm Vibration (HAV) and Vibration White Finger (VWF) are conditions associated with work
with equipment such as hand held powered tools, e.g. angle grinders and rotary equipment. Regular
and frequent exposure to high levels of vibration can lead to both HAV and VWF. This is most likely
when contact with vibrating tools or processes are a regular part of a person’s job. Occasional
exposure is unlikely to cause injury; although it must be avoided by people with medical conditions
such as Raynaud’s phenomenon (where the person’s blood circulation is poor).
23.1 Toolbox Talk
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Excessive exposure to vibration can result in secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon
more commonly known as Vibration White Finger (VWF).
The symptoms include: Painful finger blanching attacks; (triggered by cold or wet conditions);
Loss of sense of touch and temperature;
Numbness and tingling, pins and needles;
Loss of grip strength; and
Loss of manual dexterity.
The parts of the body most commonly affected are the hands and arms hence the
term Hand Arm Vibration (HAV), although whole body vibration can cause injury
and pain to the back.
Construction and maintenance activities involve many jobs requiring regular and
frequent use of vibrating tools and equipment which can be found in a wide range of
equipment for example: Angle grinders;
Chop saws;
Concrete breakers;
Power hammers; and
Drills and chisels.
Working practices that shall be adopted for minimising the risk from vibration
equipment are:
Can the work be done another way. e.g? can it be automated, manufactured?
Can the vibration pathway be blocked or diverted; Correct selection,
provision and use of PPE; Vibration Equipment Use
Like all work equipment, tools that produce vibration must be selected using the
manufacturers’ recommendations and vibration level data including exposure
times, as a means of determining suitable equipment that will not expose you to
HAV.
Do not forget to check all accessories for example angle grinder discs etc. It is
important to understand vibration exposure times of all tools so that the daily
maximum use of equipment can be determined, and not exceeded.
When handling equipment, maintain a comfortable but constant grip of the
equipment do not force or strain whilst using the equipment.
Individuals should maintain good blood circulation at work for example, keeping
warm after, wearing gloves, exercising the fingers and not smoking.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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31
24 PORTABLE ELECTRIC TOOLS
Portable electric tools reduce effort and complete the job faster. However, it is essential for accident
prevention that they are only used for work they are designed for and that a few simple rules are
observed.
It is important that all portable electric tools are supplied to you with up to date PAT (Portable
Appliance Testing) inspection information. The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations
demand that all plant tools and equipment are regularly maintained.
24.1 Toolbox Talk
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Check to confirm that all equipment is either earthed or double insulated.
Make sure all cables, plugs or connectors are sound and correct.
Inspect for defects. Do not use equipment showing signs of damage but place it into
quarantine and report the problem to your line manager.
Extension leads should be checked for damage, be correctly rated, kept clear of
work and be long enough to reach the work place without being strained.
Do not lift or carry equipment by the power cable.
Check the power supply. 110 volt tools are normally mandatory on site. If 240 volt
tools are permitted make sure that a RCD breaker is used.
Transformers shall be located as near as possible to the source of the mains supply,
as far away from the working area as possible and never be overloaded.
Never stand in water or work in extremely damp conditions when using electrical
tools. Keep both the equipment and your hands clean and dry.
Always use the correct chuck key and ensure the tool is disconnected before
working on it.
Do not use blunt or damaged drill bits and/or other accessories.
Make full use of centre punches and pilot holes and always ease off before the drill
breaks through.
Allow the tool to stop turning before putting down and never drop equipment to the
ground.
Disconnect equipment when not in use.
Electric powered tools must be regularly inspected and maintained by a competent electrician (PAT
Tested) and be complete with valid manufacturer’s guarantee or current test certificate.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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25 ASBESTOS AWARENESS
Asbestos can be found in many types of premises that were constructed or refurbished pre–2000.
There are over 3000 ACMs (Asbestos Containing Materials) and every building (pre-2000) must be
viewed as a potential risk as it may contain ACMs. Work that you carry out may be in areas that
contain ACMs and such working areas must be assessed before commencing with your task.
You must follow all instructions given to you whilst working in these areas. If you suspect asbestos,
STOP ALL WORKS and that of others; report your concern and wait for verification.
Your employer must ensure that the identification of asbestos on a project is clearly documented and
provided to all those who could possibly come into contact with it, providing information on all
locations where asbestos has been identified. This information must be provided by the building
owner/occupier or where the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations (CDM) is
concerned, the client and the principal contractor.
25.1 Toolbox Talk
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8.
Asbestos awareness training is for persons who may come across asbestos during
their normal work activities. This level of training does NOT allow you to work on
any form, type or material that contains asbestos
Typical uses of asbestos in construction were for ceiling tiles, lagging, duct covers,
partitioning, rainwater goods, tanks, flues, gaskets, fire prevention spray coating
and roof sheets. Some old style electrical switch gear may also be involved. You
must be vigilant and remain wary of all such products.
Do not be fooled by named colour. Asbestos cannot be identified by colour alone.
White, brown or blue, all are dangerous and must all be avoided. ACMs normally
contain a high percentage of cement; all such materials may appear GREY in colour.
All types (colours) of asbestos are considered to be equally dangerous
Some asbestos materials may be in a stable condition and have been declared
acceptable to remain in situ. These materials will be clearly labelled and under no
circumstances should you work on them. Should you believe that any such material
has been disturbed, or damaged notify your line manager immediately and stay out
of the area.
Asbestos materials that are not stable or are damaged may need to be removed by a
specialist HSE licensed contractor. The affected area will be enclosed by the
specialist and warning signs displayed. Under no circumstances are you to enter
these enclosures or interfere with the activities of the specialist.
Work areas that have been cleared of unstable asbestos materials will be tested and
laboratory air analysis clearance certificates (Certificate of Re-Occupation) issued.
No person is allowed to enter any such area unless these certificates have been
received.
If you become suspicious and believe that any materials you encounter or observe
may contain asbestos you must not touch them but immediately vacate the area and
report to your line management for instruction.
Statistics show that smokers are particularly at risk – perhaps now is the time to
give it up!
ANY QUESTIONS?
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33
26 FALSE CEILING VOIDS
Employees frequently suffer accidents working on services within false ceiling voids but the majority
of these accidents can be avoided by taking simple precautions:
This is one of the most awkward of activities because on occasions the ceiling tile hole is not big
enough to get through to carry out work safely. Also some access equipment does not always provide
a good working platform.
26.1 Toolbox Talk
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5.
Ensure your means of reaching the work location is safe:
Step ladders must be of correct height and positioned correctly;
Metal steps must not be used for work associated with energized electrics; and
Never make do by using anything other than the proper means of access.
Make sure you are aware of the correct procedures to remove ceiling tiles and place
them in a safe position where they do not create a hazard. Be prepared for dust to
fall as the tiles are removed. Eye and breathing PPE must be worn.
6. Take care not to touch any electrical service unless you are a qualified electrician
assigned a task that involves installation.
7. Ensure adequate task light is available if the general lighting is not sufficient to see
clearly.
8. Head and facial injuries occur from a number of sources, e.g. drop rods, the end of
ceiling grid supports, etc. Always check for such hazards as you enter any voids.
9. Head protections must not be discarded. Should confined conditions make the
wearing of a safety helmet difficult, alternative protection can be worn, if authorised
by the site management.
10. Ceiling supports and services such as metal clad insulations can be exceptionally
sharp. Great care is needed and whenever practicable, gloves should be worn.
11. Never enter high level voids unless a proper walkway has been provided.
26.1.1
Summary
On completion of the work, descend to the ground safely looking where you place your feet as there
may be items lying on the floor which may cause a slip or trip and make sure you do not leave any
tools or surplus material within the ceiling void.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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34
27 RAISED FLOORING
Any building where raised floors are being installed, or areas in an existing building where floor tiles
have been taken up, presents a potentially high accident risk for the unwary.
Raised floors can cause painful injuries if you inadvertently step on a loose raised floor tile that has
not been correctly replaced. There must be a method plan designed to ensure that tiles are reinstated
once work is complete, with signs placed in position warning workers where tiles are removed.
27.1 Toolbox Talk
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6.
7.
8.
9.
Always check for unprotected areas where tiles have been removed.
Removed tiles placed diagonally over holes present a slip, trip or fall hazard and
can easily tilt if moved out of position. For this reason never walk on a diagonally
placed tile.
Never step on removed tiles as the slippery metal to metal contact can cause the tile
to slide.
Never step on exposed jacks or tiles adjacent to areas where tiles have been
removed as the absence of lateral support can cause the floor to collapse.
Never move heavy loads across flooring close to where tiles have been removed
without taking action to prevent the exposed floor jacks from collapsing.
Be very careful whenever using stepladders on raised flooring with missing tiles,
particularly when dismounting.
Good lighting and good housekeeping are essential requirements for maintaining
safe conditions in such areas. Report unsatisfactory situations to your supervisor or
line manager.
Prevent sparks from hot work processes getting beneath a raised floor as there
could be combustible materials present.
Avoid water spillage onto floor tiles. Tiles can swell and present a tripping hazard.
There could be live electric services beneath the flooring.
Any area of raised flooring shall be the target of regular safety inspections.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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35
28 EXCAVATIONS
1 cubic metre of earth weighs approximately 1.3 tonnes. A small fall of earth is capable of causing
serious injury or even death. Always be vigilant when working in or adjacent to excavations. Even if
the excavation is shallow it does not necessarily mean that it is safe.
Excavations have been called “the silent killers”, as they can look safe to enter without side support, it
is easy for an excavation to suddenly collapse without making a noise.
28.1 Toolbox Talk
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15.
Only competent persons with appropriate training are permitted to supervise
excavating activity, including minor extensions to existing works.
Never assume an excavation is safe to enter. Always check with your line manager
that it has been inspected and passed by a competent person.
Groundwater penetration, surface water run-off, heavy and/or persistent rain can
all affect the stability of earth. Seek confirmation that the excavation remains safe
should these adverse conditions apply.
An adequate supply of timber or other suitable material of good quality must be
available at the commencement of work. Excavations must be supported, whenever
necessary, regardless of depth, where there is a risk of injury due to a collapse,
especially where employees have to bend down to work on services. A risk
assessment of excavation including ground conditions, soil type (e.g. soft sandy
earth, clay) and weather conditions, must be made before work starts.
Keep spoil heaps, materials and/or tools away from the edge of any excavation.
Adequate barriers or covers must be provided to prevent persons falling into an
excavation.
Measures to prevent vehicles manoeuvring close to the edge of any excavation must
be implemented.
Properly supported ladders must be used for access and egress, do not climb on the
supports.
Never attempt to remove or alter any support members yourself.
Do not jump across excavations, bridges should be provided with guardrails.
All reinforcement starter bars must be covered to prevent the possibility of
puncture injuries.
Safety helmets and other appropriate PPE must be worn at all times.
Vacate the excavation and report to your supervisor if noxious smells are noticed
such as gas, methane, vehicle fumes etc.
Ensure adequate lighting is provided to work safely and/or after dark.
Ensure that all security measures are in place at the end of each working day.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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29 CONFINED SPACES
There are many types of confined space which can contain dangerous atmospheres and other
physical hazards presenting a serious risk to those who enter. These spaces can be pits, tanks, silos,
sewers, surface water drains, riser shafts, under crofts, roof spaces, ductwork or any space where it is
difficult to access and exit safely.
Any accident or injury is more serious in a confined space because of the added difficulty of getting to
the injured person to administer first aid or to remove them from the space.
29.1 Toolbox Talk
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Risk assessments must be undertaken to examine all possible hazards and to state
the precautions to be taken against each one. Hazards include oxygen
deficiency/enrichment, suffocation, toxic or flammable atmospheres and biological
hazards such as Weil’s disease.
The safe system of work must be laid out in a method statement that must be read
and understood — and agreed — by all operatives, managers and site emergency
personnel involved with the works.
Any one required to work in a confined space must receive confined spaces training
before any work begins.
Employees working in confined spaces must be reasonably fit and healthy and
capable of working in such an environment. No one who suffers from
claustrophobia should be expected to work in a confined space.
The safe system of work must include emergency and rescue procedures. These
procedures must be clear to all those associated with the work.
As much work as possible shall be undertaken outside of the confined space.
A confined spaces “Permit to Work” procedure must be implemented which must
include rescue procedures and the system of work.
Suitable Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and recovery equipment must be
selected, tested and the operatives trained. RPE (Respiratory Protective
Equipment) may also be required and specific training and instruction for use
carried out.
Never enter a confined space alone or when no one knows that you are about to
carry out work there.
Work in confined spaces must be supervised — either directly or using
communications equipment. This is in addition to having a second man at the
entrance.
The supervisor and “second man” must know the emergency and rescue
procedures.
Communication must be frequent between workers in the space, the second Man
and the supervision. Remember to check communications equipment before work
begins.
Lighting and communications equipment must be flameproof and suitable for the
environment.
Rehearse exiting the confined space in case you have to leave in a hurry.
Ensure a qualified person has tested the air in the space using an approved
calibrated air monitoring instrument before entering. Remember that conditions in
a confined space can change suddenly; therefore the air within the space must
be constantly monitored.
Exit immediately if breathing difficulty occurs. Collapse (and death) can occur in a
very short time.
Do not attempt to enter a confined space if a colleague has collapsed as you may
also become a victim if the atmosphere is dangerous (There have been many
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
37
occasions where work colleagues have entered to save a friend only to become
victims themselves). Call the rescue services immediately that will have the expert
experience.
19. Exit immediately if any of the conditions or precautions, stated in the system of
work, ceases to be as written. Leave the space immediately if told to do so.
29.1.1
Summary
Employers must ensure that any work involving confined spaces is fully risk assessed and that a safe
system of work is in place with emergency procedures. Suitable training must be given for working in
confined spaces and for all PPE, RPE, work equipment and emergency procedures. Employees must
ensure they read and agree with the system of work and the emergency procedures and must work
strictly in accordance with the safe system of work.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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38
30 WEATHER CONDITIONS
Some people are attracted to construction work because the outdoor life is preferred to the factory
or office environment. However, extremes of weather can be a risk to our health unless we take
precautions to protect ourselves from the elements.
Employers have a legal duty to assess weather conditions and to provide adequate means of
protection to reduce the effects of adverse conditions; employees also have a legal duty to take
reasonable care for themselves and others around them.
This includes taking into account poor weather. The Personal Protective Equipment at Work
Regulations also refer to “exposure” and this is a reference to the weather.
30.1 Toolbox Talk
30.1.1
Working in Hot Weather Conditions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
30.1.2
Sunburn is very common and very painful, but easily avoided. Glare from an
overcast sky can also cause burns on sensitive skins.
Stripping clothing off too hastily or for long periods is unwise and should be
avoided, especially for fair skinned people.
Be aware of any site specific
instructions for clothing. Some sites may not allow shorts and t-shirts. Also
stripping clothing off will increase the risk of injury if you walk into, or bump
against sharp objects, e.g. brackets, drop rods, sharp edges of ductwork, etc.
Ultra violet light causes premature ageing (wrinkling) of skin and increases chances
of skin cancer. Thinning of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere is allowing
more ultra violet through. Sun blocking lotions are recommended, but take account
of how long you will be in the sun. A high protective index lotion will be required.
Sun blocking lotions may be provided by your employer.
Working in hot conditions can bring on prickly heat. It causes groups of small itchy
spots on the skin. Frequent washing to remove sweat, wearing loose cotton clothes
and if possible, periods of work out of the hot location are advised.
Heat exhaustion is the combination of high temperature, exertion and loss of fluid
and salt through sweating. It can be dangerous if not recognised. Fainting, cramp
and nausea can overcome the unwary. Frequent rests and plenty of cool, but not
iced, drinks should be made available.
Working in Cold Wet Weather
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rheumatism can be brought on or aggravated by allowing joints and limbs to be
cold and wet for long periods. Treatment is difficult so prevention is best.
Waterproof clothing (PPE) that is big enough to allow adequate warm garments to
be worn underneath should be worn (This especially applies to boots).
Bronchitis is a development of a cold brought on by exposure to cold and damp.
Once a person has contracted Bronchitis, it is easily caught again and can get worse
until you are virtually disabled. Smoking makes the chance of catching it even
greater.
If working in water, e.g. in a trench or other place where wading is necessary, even
good boots and socks will eventually cause the feet to become blue and numb. Do
not stand in water for too long and if possible, change socks for dry warm pairs at
regular intervals, before your feet get cold.
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
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30.1.3
Working in Cold Dry Weather
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
30.1.4
Working in intense cold can slow you down physically and mentally. Reactions are
slower and decision making over even simple things becomes harder. Hence
accidents are more likely.
In extreme weather conditions, if possible arrange a work rota system so that
regular periods are spent out of the cold and wind.
Hypothermia usually occurs when you can no longer maintain your body
temperature at about 37°C. Shivering is usually the first sign, but some people do
not seem to shiver. If you begin to feel cold “deep inside”, refer to your
supervisor/manager and take a short break in a warm place. Take a warm drink and
food during the break.
The chill Factor is the added effect of wind on the body that makes it seem colder
than the thermometer actually reads. At 0°C and 10mph wind, the chill factor may
make it seem like -10°C, so extra protection is called for.
Chilblains, frostbite and skin damage are not confined to Arctic explorers. They are
extremely painful and disabling so prevention is better than cure. Warm gloves and
socks (PPE) are essential but if you can feel your extremities getting too cold,
change to a warm dry pair. Protective creams are available for face and wrists etc. to
replace the natural oils dried up by the cold and prevent cracking and peeling.
Where necessary, a temporary shelter may be constructed. This will almost
certainly pay for itself by improving productivity. Sheeting over scaffolding, tents, or
even working in the lee of the site hut are possibilities. Somewhere warm and dry to
take refreshments and to dry clothes is legally required.
Long sleeved vests, long-johns, thermal underwear, etc (PPE) may be the butt of
jokes, but if they keep you warm, it is better to be laughed at for a few minutes than
be unhealthy for the rest of your life.
Summary
The effects on your body from the weather are not always instantaneous or easily recognisable, but it
is often possible to reduce the risks posed by adverse weather conditions by using common sense and
taking sensible precautions.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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31 HOT WORKS
Carelessness when engaging in hot work activities can result in painful burns and be the cause of
serious fires (also use TBT No. 32 Compressed Gas Cylinders, if required).
Only competent/skilled persons must use welding or soldering equipment. Make sure your employer
has the necessary safe systems of work in place, as the activity invariably will require a permit to
work. The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations requires the activity to be risk
assessed with control measures in place to prevent accidents occurring. The Local Exhaust Ventilation
(LEV) must be “fit for purpose” and correctly used.
31.1 Toolbox Talk
1.
Before commencing work clear away any flammable materials in the immediate
area.
2. When cutting or grinding check where the sparks are going; especially in risers or
over floor penetrations.
3. A fire extinguisher is required at the place of hot work.
4. On commissioned property check whether there are any fire alarms, smoke
detectors or sprinklers to be protected.
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) must be worn.
6. When compressed gas cylinders are being used, ensure there is adequate
ventilation.
7. Never use butane cigarette lighters to ignite blowlamps or welding torches.
8. Never leave a lighted welding torch or blowlamp unattended.
9. Conducted heat can cause fires. Always check any metal surface being heated as you
cannot see what other materials may be in contact with the service further away.
10. Leaving hot metal unattended is a hazard for others. Put signs in place to warn
people of the danger.
11. Never vacate a work area without monitoring for approximately 1 hour afterwards
to check no combustible material is smouldering.
12. If a permit to work system is in operation, always comply fully with the
requirements of the permit.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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41
32 COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
Accidents involving compressed gas cylinders are, fortunately a rare occurrence. However, such
incidents are extremely dangerous and it is, therefore of the utmost importance to comply with all
safety requirements.
The handling and use of compressed gas cylinders must always be risk assessed, especially for the
work they are intended to be used for. Only those persons who are trained and competent should use
oxygen, acetylene and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
The Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations requires that a risk assessment is carried
out for tasks associated with work involving compressed gases.
32.1 Toolbox Talk
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16.
Treat all cylinders as a potential hazard and handle them with care.
Do not drop cylinders from vehicles or other elevated platforms onto a hard surface.
Never drop cylinders from a high level even onto a cushion of sand.
Full cylinders must be kept away from empty cylinders.
All cylinders must be stored on a hard standing that is both secure, open to fresh air
and away from other flammable products.
Oxygen cylinders must be stored at least 3 metres away from flammable fuel gas
cylinders.
Acetylene and LPG cylinders must only be used and stored in the upright position.
Oxygen cylinders can be stored horizontally if necessary, but must not be stacked to
exceed four high and must be securely wedged to prevent rolling.
All cylinders standing upright, whether full or empty, must be secured to prevent
falling.
Cylinders must be shielded from direct sunlight or any other heat source to prevent
the build-up of excessive internal pressure.
Avoid damage to valves and fittings – never use them for lifting or carrying.
Never roll cylinders around on the ground.
Always use a carrier and secure the cylinder(s) into it.
The valves and fittings of oxygen cylinders MUST be kept free from oil and grease.
Open cylinder valves slowly and close them sufficiently to shut off the gas, but never
force them.
Report any suspected leakages of gas to your line management. Remember that LPG
is heavier than air and will gather to a low level, or go into drains and excavations.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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42
33 WELDING SAFETY
Welding is an operation that creates many risks that threaten both operatives and others in the
vicinity.
Welding must only be undertaken by trained operatives using suitable safety equipment under a safe
system of work.
This talk is split into two common types of welding — Oxy-acetylene and Metal
Arc Welding — which can be split into two talks as appropriate to the site and the audience.
Additional related talks include Compressed Gases, Fire, Permits to
Work and Working with Electricity.
The main dangers from oxy-acetylene, metal arc welding and cutting are fires, explosions, fumes and
burns.
Protect yourself and others against the hazards. All welding will produce fumes and under COSHH
(Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) Regulations this should be contained using a suitable LEV
(Local Exhaust Ventilation) System. Metal arc produces fumes from the electrodes, which can be
harmful, the arc flash can cause a painful condition called arc eye.
33.1 Toolbox Talk
33.1.1
Oxy-acetylene Welding
1.
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3.
4.
5.
6.
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8.
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11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Take care when moving and handling cylinders: cylinders must be secured to
prevent them falling.
Purge hoses before using the equipment (acetylene first). The explosion of mixed
gases in hoses is a major cause of accidents.
Welding equipment must be regularly inspected and maintained and a log of
inspections maintained.
Never use oil or grease on threads to oxygen gauges or other screwed sections to
the oxygen tubes as this can cause explosions. (This includes jointing pastes).
Check all equipment for leaks before use. (Use a proprietary brand of leak detection
spray as soapy water can contain oils) (See note 4 above).
Wear PPE clothing, goggles and gloves of the correct grade.
Ensure that the surrounding area is free of combustible materials and that cylinders
are clear of flying sparks.
Use fireproof blankets to cover materials that cannot be moved away.
Do not leave a lighted welding torch unattended.
Keep hoses clear of walkways.
Ensure that the nozzle of the welding torch is free from obstruction.
Mark completed work “HOT” and erect temporary barriers.
When welding in confined spaces ensure that adequate ventilation is provided.
Always ensure when welding that there is/are a suitable fire extinguisher/s near at
hand.
Always ensure that the cylinder key is positioned on the acetylene cylinder during
the welding cutting operations.
Fire checks must be made on completion of welding. These checks may take a
number of hours subject to the size of job.
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17. Never sweeten the air in confined areas with the oxygen as this will produce an
oxygen enriched atmosphere making fires far more easy to start and more
aggressive.
18. Hose check valves and flash back arresters on oxygen and acetylene equipment
must be fitted.
MANY FIRES AND BURNS HAVE OCCURRED AS A RESULT OF CARELESSNESS.
33.1.2
Metal Arc Welding
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33.1.3
Metal arc welding has many of the dangers of oxy-acetylene welding with the added
hazard of radiation and electricity. Protect yourself and others by using PPE
clothing and screens.
Operators and anyone assisting during welding must wear PPE clothing and graded
face shields.
Erect screens around the work area and display notices to warn passers-by.
All equipment must be properly insulated.
Check leads and couplings regularly. Use approved cable couplings.
Inspect the work area before and after welding to eliminate the risk of fire.
If possible remove all combustible materials from the work area. If possible, cover
with an appropriate fire retardant material.
Keep leads clear of walkways.
When welding in wet conditions keep leads and couplings dry.
Primary leads must be armoured and kept as short as possible. The return lead shall
be clamped as close to the weld position, so that electrical energy does not travel
around other surrounding work.
Mark completed work “HOT” and erect temporary barriers.
When welding in confined spaces ensure that adequate ventilation is provided.
Always ensure when welding that there is/are a suitable fire extinguisher/s near at
hand.
Do not use the structural steelwork of the building to earth the work piece.
Ensure that any diesel generator used for welding is positioned so that exhaust
fumes do not enter your work place or that of others.
Fire checks must be made on completion of welding. These checks may take a
number of hours subject to the size of job.
Summary
When welding, a safe system of work must be in place to protect the welder and those nearby. By
following the good practices in this talk, the chances of injuries and fires caused by welding activities
can be greatly reduced.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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44
34 WORKING WITH ELECTRICITY
Electricity is silent and invisible. Not only can it kill and cause serious injury, it can also cause fires.
Working with electricity involves two distinct areas: 1.
2.
Carrying out electrical works, i.e. installations or repairs, testing and
commissioning, including maintenance to an electrical system, which may involve
diagnostic testing and fault finding.
Using electrical appliances or equipment.
The main legislation covering electricity at work is the Electricity at Work Regulations, together with
BS 7671 which forms the 18th edition of the Wiring Regulations of the (Institution of Engineering and
Technology.
For electricity to pass through your body you have to come into contact with a “live” source, either
through direct contact or contact with a surface that is not normally live. Work with high voltages is
particularly hazardous as under certain conditions electrocution can occur without contact due to the
formation of an arc that crosses an air gap.
34.1 Toolbox Talk
1.
It is forbidden to work on or near live exposed plant or equipment unless it is truly
essential. It is acceptable for fault finding or testing and commissioning, where
specified tests instruments and safety precautions are in place. Never work on live
exposed circuits without formal authorisation and being in possession of a valid
Permit to Work certificate that allows a specified live working activity to proceed.
Remember to witness all isolations and tests carried out by the authorised person
before you commence work and accept the permit. You have the right to refuse the
permit if you have any doubts about the way it has been completed.
2. If a task of work requires you to operate near live exposed electrical conductors
STOP IMMEDIATELY and report to your supervisor or line manager for further
instruction.
3. Never cut any cable or work on any circuit without first proving beyond doubt the
system is isolated
4. Ensure by means of locking devices, warning notices, and permit to work that the
supply cannot be re-energised (made live) whilst work is in progress.
5. Never energise a system unless it has been inspected and successfully tested and
also checked to ensure it is safe to proceed.
6. Always ensure that fuses and circuit breakers are correctly rated.
7. Use your own padlocks and multi-clasp locks if needed for isolation purposes,
making sure you keep keys in a safe place.
8. Be wary of any location where flammable vapours could be present before using
standard electrical equipment or energising electrical systems within the area.
9. Never energise or use any equipment that shows evidence of damage or excessive
wear.
10. Never work on or use any electrical device unless you are competent and qualified
to do so.
11. Never abuse test equipment. Your life and the lives of others could depend on the
validity of the equipment readings. They must also be of an approved type and
acceptable for the work you are doing.
12. Always make sure you know exactly what you are required to do. If in doubt, ASK.
DO NOT RELY ON THE WORD OF OTHERS, ALWAYS CHECK YOURSELF.
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Electrocution is final. — You do not get a second opportunity. Never take chances with any
electrical equipment or system and always follow the basic rules for safe working.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
46
35 WORKING IN RISERS
The main hazards associated with risers are falling down the riser shaft or being struck by objects
dropped from above. Both can be fatal and great care is required by anyone working within a riser.
35.1 Toolbox Talk
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Risers of a particular hazardous nature will be controlled by a restricted access
Permit to Work system. These risers will display entry-prohibited notices. Do
not enter any such riser unless authorised to do so and only use the approved point
of access and egress.
Never interfere with warning notices; they are there to warn people of risk of injury.
A method statement must have been prepared for any hazardous riser. Make sure
you have seen it and follow the instructions it contains.
Check that it is safe to enter any riser. Remember others could be working many
levels above unaware of your presence.
Do not interfere with any boarding out, guardrails or toe-boards. If any alterations
are required, report it to your supervisor or line manager.
Do not enter any riser without adequate lighting in place.
Beware of live services, in particular electrics and high temperature pipework.
Protect yourself with suitable PPE including gloves against possible contact with
sharp edges.
Air currents within shafts can circulate dust and debris so wear suitable PPE
including eye protection.
Take care not to drop or kick anything that may fall down an unprotected shaft.
Walk carefully into risers and do not jump in or step onto a temporary cover of any
large diameter pipe or duct.
Do not stand on builders work ledges, services or brackets as a makeshift support.
Proper working platforms must be provided.
Adequate precautions must be taken to prevent fire where hot working is required.
Do not allow surplus material and/or debris to be left on any working platform.
In older premises, be careful of existing insulated services in case asbestos is
present.
Don’t take chances; it’s not worth the risk
ANY QUESTIONS?
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47
36 RESPIRATORS AND MASKS
There are a number of circumstances in which respiratory equipment may be required including dusty
environments, fumes, etc. It is necessary to choose the correct respirators for each job. All respiratory
equipment and the job that they are to be used for must be risk assessed.
Employers have a duty to inform, instruct, train on the hazards and risks that employees may face at
work.
Action must be taken to control nuisance dust. If the dust is also a health hazard the control measures
must satisfy the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH). If control measures
cannot remove the risk then respiratory equipment must be provided and be suitable for the task.
36.1 Toolbox Talk
Nuisance dust makes breathing uncomfortable and is irritating to the nose, throat and Eyes.
Hazardous dust if inhaled can cause injury to health.
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36.1.1
Can the dust be eliminated altogether by:
Doing the job a different way;
Using different equipment to do the job; or
Using different material to do the job.
If elimination is not possible control may be by:
Local Exhaust Ventilation and suitable ducting;
A tent around the dust source to contain it; or
Damping down and subsequent cleaning up.
If control measures are impracticable or inadequate, respiratory equipment will
need to be provided.
If the dust is harmful, then PPE e.g. overalls, gloves, boots etc. that may be
contaminated will need washing/disposing of in a controlled way.
Nuisance dust occurring for a short time only (e.g. during sweeping up) may be
controlled by wearing face piece dust masks to BS EN 149 standards.
If wearing any form of respiratory equipment causes discomfort or breathing
difficulties, immediately leave the dusty area and take it off. Do not wait until you
are gasping for breath or take it off in the dusty area.
Tell your supervisor or line manager immediately of any problem with respiratory
equipment and also if you have asthma or allergies to dust.
For longer periods of protection full-face respirators may be necessary. These must
be suitable for the contaminant involved and must fit properly.
You must be properly trained in using any respiratory equipment provided.
RPE equipment requires face fitting to the individual.
You must play your part by following the training given and by taking reasonable
care of the equipment.
Summary
REMEMBER — respiratory equipment shall only be used as a “last resort” control measure against
dust when all other methods have been investigated and are deemed impracticable or inadequate.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
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37 SELECTION AND USE OF GLOVES
This talk is intended to inform employees of the work activities that can and will cause injury if
working gloves are not worn whilst carrying out hazardous activities.
Hands remain the workers most valuable tool within the workplace. Hands are at risk from many
factors ranging from hazardous chemical splashes to flying objects.
Protective graded gloves are available in a wide range of natural and synthetic materials; however,
there is no single glove material (or combination of glove materials) able to provide unlimited
resistance to any individual or combination of hazards.
Any protective gloves provided must be manufactured to the appropriate standard and be compatible
with:
1.
2.
3.
The wearer;
The work to be done; and
Any other PPE to be worn, such as face masks, hearing defenders or safety glasses.
37.1 Toolbox Talk
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There are four requirements which must be met for any protective glove:
be appropriate for the risk(s) and the conditions where it is used;
take into account the ergonomics and state of health of the person wearing it;
fit the wearer correctly, if necessary, after adjustments;
and either prevent or control the risk involved without increasing the overall risk.
Remember that gloves are be used as a control measure only as a last resort.
This
is because: Gloves only protect the wearer — they do not remove the hazard from the
workplace;
Some types of glove are inconvenient and interfere with the way people work;
Wearing gloves interferes with the wearer’s sense of touch;
The extent of protection depends upon good fit and attention to detail;
If protective gloves are of the wrong grade, or incorrectly or badly maintained, the
wearer may receive no protection; and
For the glove design to be effective, the glove needs to be used correctly in the
workplace.
Recommended work activities requiring the wearing of graded safety gloves are: Handling duct work;
Cable pulling;
Handling hot and cold materials;
Handling objects with sharp edges;
Working with chemicals;
Hot work; (abrasive wheels, welding, lead burning, etc.);
Masonry cutting;
Steam/water pressure use;
Air operated tools; and
Cartridge operated tools.
RISK ASSESSMENTS FOR WORK ACTIVITIES MUST IDENTIFY THE NEED FOR WEARING SAFETY GLOVES.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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38 MANUAL HANDLING
A manual handling operation is any transporting or supporting of a load, including lifting, lowering,
putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving by hand or by bodily force. Picking up and carrying
a toolbox or a stepladder or even picking up a screwdriver or hammer, is manual handling - just as
unloading and positioning a boiler might be. Anything from the extremely light to something requiring
your maximum strength is included.
Manual handling accounts for a large number of accidents each year and many millions of “days lost
from work” are due to back and other injuries.
Once someone’s back has been weakened by injury, it is often a recurring problem for the rest of that
person’s life.
38.1 Toolbox Talk
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38.1.1
All manual handling operations fall under the Manual Handling Operations
Regulations. Employees have a duty to make full and proper use of any mechanical
aids provided by an employer for handling materials and equipment. This includes
following any advice and training given on lifting and manual handling as well as the
correct use of work equipment provided for the task.
An employer’s duties can be summarised as:
Avoid the need for manual handling wherever possible:
Assess the risk:
Reduce the need by providing mechanical aids:
Train staff in good manual handling techniques:
If the load is heavy or unusual, a Manual Handling Risk Assessment must be
carried out.
Consider the load? Is it heavy (above 25kg)? Is it large or awkward? Where is the
centre of gravity? Can you manage it alone?
When you lift, use the strong muscles and bones of your legs not the complex and
vulnerable ones in your back.
Make sure you have a firm grip of the load and that you can sustain the grip for the
duration of the lift. Wear graded industrial gloves to improve grip and protect hands
from sharp edges.
Make sure you have a plan so that after you know where you are going to put the
load and that the way is clear of obstacles and not slippery. The load must not
impede your forward view.
If in doubt, get help!
Lifting Technique:
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Tuck your chin in. This keeps your back as straight as possible and therefore less
vulnerable.
Place your feet as close to load as possible, about a hip width apart, with one foot
slightly in front.
Bend the knees and crouch down.
Take a full grip, using palms, not fingertips.
With elbows tucked in, straighten the legs, lifting smoothly.
Carry the load forward at waist height.
Change direction by turning on your feet: not by twisting the trunk.
Put down in the same careful way and continue being careful as you straighten up.
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38.1.2
Summary
If you can get into the habit of planning manual handling operations and developing a good lifting
technique, you could be saving yourself from a lot of pain in later life.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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51
39 MATERIAL STACKING
Many accidents occur as a result of poorly stacked materials. These accidents either happen when
materials have to be taken from the stacks or because the stacks collapse on people nearby. Taking
care in the first place when stacking materials can prevent these injuries.
39.1 Toolbox Talk
39.1.1
STACKING
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39.1.2
SHEET MATERIAL
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39.1.3
Where they have a small diameter, stack them in racks or silages.
If they have a large diameter, securely fasten or chock at base and at subsequent
cross bearers to prevent rolling. Pyramid stacks can quickly spread and collapse.
PALLETED MATERIALS
1.
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4.
39.1.5
Shall be stacked flat where possible. If corners or edges are sharp, provide
protection.
If stacked vertically, use suitable racks to prevent collapse. Material stacked
vertically against walls can collapse whilst being removed or may overload walls
etc.
PIPES AND TUBES
1.
2.
39.1.4
When handling materials wear correctly graded Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE) e.g. helmet, gloves and steel toed boots as required.
Only stack material in authorised areas - NEVER near doorways, access ways or on
fire escapes.
Be aware of any operations carried out in that location or any future operations so
that the stack does not have to be moved prematurely.
Stack on a level surface and provide packing to prevent damage to the materials and
injuries to passers-by.
Never make stacks higher than 3 times the minimum base width.
Materials stacked by machine may have to be removed by hand, consider this in the
method of placing. Machines can lift greater loads to a higher level.
When manually handling materials, assess the load, check the weight and route. If in
doubt, ASK. Do not attempt to lift more than you feel able to.
If material is being lowered by machine, keep hands clear of load.
Take care to ensure a level base and restrict height of stack.
If banding is damaged or materials are displaced in the pack do not stack other
material on top.
Leave sufficient space between different materials for safe removal.
Remove in REVERSE order only. Do NOT attempt to remove a material supported by
another.
Summary
A combination of these techniques and common sense will greatly reduce the risks of injuries
occurring as a result of badly stacked materials.
SAFE STACKS SAVE INJURIES
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
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ANY QUESTIONS?
40 LONE WORKING
Working alone presents a unique set of hazards not faced by people who work alongside colleagues.
The following guidance is offered as a minimum to be observed in these circumstances.
This Toolbox Talk is intended for workers where a resident or peripatetic worker may be alone in a
plant room, on a roof or alone in a building outside normal business hours.
There are no “rules” that say you cannot work alone. However, the Management of Health and Safety
at Work Regulations demand that an employer assesses the risks to employees and works to minimise
those risks.
40.1 Toolbox Talk
40.1.1
Before working alone:
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Assess whether the job you have been asked to do can be done safely by one person.
Check that first aid and a mobile phone or ‘bleeper’ is nearby. Know how to get help.
Always check the battery and the signal strength on mobile phones and bleepers.
Make sure there is safe access and escape in the case of an emergency.
Know the emergency procedures.
Inform the client’s security/reception of your whereabouts and how long you will
be on site. Make regular contact with them at prearranged times.
Young people and trainees need extra supervision and lone working may not be
suitable for them.
Certain types of work are discouraged or prohibited by law from being undertaken
by a lone worker. These include:
·
·
·
·
·
Work on or near any exposed live electrical conductor;
Work on an unsecured ladder;
Entry into a confined space, e.g. a tank or chamber;
Work on ladders, steps or other access equipment over 3m high
Work on ‘LIVE’ electrical circuits. The proving instrument must be tested on a
known live circuit immediately before and immediately after the proving test.
‘Work’ in this context includes activities involving tools which are in contact with live
conductors, e.g., testing work, where only the tips of test instrument probes touch live
conductors, is not considered to be live working.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Always ensure that someone in authority knows where you are, what you are
doing and when you will be back.
If working in an isolated place, e.g. in a roof plant room or in an empty building,
such as a school during holidays, or anywhere out of normal hours, arrange to make
contact with someone - building security/school caretaker or phone the office or
home at prearranged intervals. Make sure the person contacted knows what to do if
you fail to show up or call in.
A basic first aid kit must be provided and training in how to cope with emergencies.
Two-way walkie-talkie radios or mobile phones are another way of keeping in touch
with lone workers. However, these may not work in sub-basement plant rooms or in
steel frame or clad structures. Whatever method of communication is used, it shall
be tried out first, before an emergency occurs and then at prearranged intervals
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
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thereafter. Also make use of installed plant room telephones where possible, for
making regular contact with designated persons (e.g. security).
6. A competent person working alone MUST:
7. Have competency in their trade both technically and safe working procedures;
8. Have adequate equipment so that there is no need for improvisation;
9. Have clear instructions on how to summon help in an emergency; and
10. Be psychologically and medically suitable for working alone.
40.1.2
Lone driving.
Many lone workers will also be lone drivers. This may involve them in long journeys and
journeys at weekends including unsocial hours. Special hazards arise in such circumstances
that can only be addressed by encouraging a positive attitude to them on the part of the
driver. All drivers must report any difficulties to their employer.
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5.
The driver must be able to recognise and accept when they are unfit to drive due to
illness or tiredness. Drivers must take regular breaks and take a nap whenever
necessary if tired.
Journeys to appointments shall be started sufficiently early to allow arrival without
the need for excessive speed. If road conditions result in a late arrival on occasions,
this has to be an acceptable excuse.
Make sure you inform your employer of any penalties that you have on your licence.
Regularly check your vehicle for any defects, e.g. tyres, brakes, windscreen
wash, oil levels. Always keep the inside of your vehicle clean and tidy, with no
obstructions on the dash board which could impede vision.
If using your own vehicle, you must make sure that you have appropriate level of
insurance and that you keep your vehicle regularly maintained, and with a current
MOT certificate where appropriate.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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41 WORK RELATED STRESS
Work Related Stress (WRS) is the adverse reaction people have to excessive pressure or other types
of demand placed on them. It can be caused by work situations or by personal problems. This toolbox
talk is concerned with work related stress. That is stress that arises from, or is made worse by, work.
WRS is not an illness, but it can lead to increased problems of ill health, if it is prolonged or
particularly intense.
PHYSICAL EFFECTS: Range from heart disease, back pain, gastrointestinal disturbances and various
minor illnesses.
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS: Range from anxiety, depression and mental ill health.
You are not alone if you feel very or extremely stressed. In the country as a whole, as many as 1 in 5
people could be feeling the same way.
41.1 Toolbox Talk
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41.1.1
Talk to your employer. If they do not know there is a problem, they cannot help. If
you do not feel you can talk to your manager or employer, approach your Health
and Safety Service Provider. Support your colleagues if they are experiencing WRS
and encourage them to approach their manager.
Speak to your GP if you are worried about your health.
Discuss with your manager whether it is possible to alter your job to make it less
stressful for you.
Try to channel your energies into solving the problem rather than just worrying
about it. Think about what would make you happier at work and discuss this with
your employer.
WHAT YOU CAN DO OUTSIDE OF WORK?
The following advice will not prevent WRS, but may help you take care of yourself and ensure that
you do not make the problem worse.
You can: 5.
6.
Eat healthily.
Stop smoking. It does not help you stay healthy, even though you may think it
relaxes you.
7. Only drink alcohol in moderation. Alcohol acts as a depressant and will not help you
tackle the problem.
8. Limit your caffeine intake. Tea, coffee and some soft drinks may contribute to
making you feel more anxious.
9. Be physically active. It stimulates you and gives you more energy.
10. Try learning relaxation techniques; some people find it helps them cope with
pressure in short term.
11. Talk to family and friends about what you are feeling. They may be able to help you
and provide the support you need to raise your concerns at work.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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42 ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
We must assist our environment by acting in a way which is sustainable. Natural resources are being
reduced rapidly. We need to change our attitude to the way we treat our environment, so that
future generations can enjoy our surroundings in the same way that we do at present. This will also
maintain our quality of life.
The purpose of this Toolbox Talk is to understand what the environment is and to influence our
interaction with our working environment.
It is generally recognised that protecting the environment involves a change at all levels from
governments through global and local businesses both large and small, down to individuals. Each
small action on the part of individuals has a cumulative effect both on global and local environment
and we all can assist by becoming familiar with the following principles: The environment can be defined as: 





The land you are standing on;
The air you breathe;
The water you drink;
The plant life;
The animal life (this includes human beings) and
Everything we do in respect of all these areas will assist in protecting the environment.
When planning or undertaking a task, always ensure that you consider the effects on the environment
that will result from your actions or inactions.
42.1 Toolbox Talk
These simple actions, if followed by us all, can help reduce our adverse influence on the
environment:1.
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9.
42.1.1
Switch off all lights, plant and equipment when not in use.
Turn off taps and hoses when not in use.
Keep your work area tidy.
Re-use materials wherever possible.
Return surplus materials to the stores for re-use.
Comply with the waste management plan by placing waste in the appropriate
skips.
Store all materials correctly to avoid spillages or damage.
Report any spillage immediately and if possible prevent further seepage.
Suggest ways of improving environmental performance.
Summary
REMEMBER — that every person can play a part in helping to protect the environment and even a
small action on the part of an individual such as yourself contributes towards protecting the
environment, not just for ourselves but also for future generations.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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43 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES - DUST, EMISSIONS and ODOUR
POLLUTION
Dust, emissions and odours arising from a site will annoy neighbours and can even cause health risks
at very high concentrations. They are particularly hazardous to site staff in confined spaces.
DUST: Dust is generally considered to be any airborne solid matter up to about 2mm in size. Particle
sizes vary considerably, depending on their origin and the smallest particles can be inhaled. Dust can
affect people’s health by causing eye irritation and asthma. It can be exacerbated by exposure to
respirable dust (dust that can enter the lungs).
Dust blown onto watercourses can damage the ecology and surrounding plant life. As it is difficult to
suppress dust once it is airborne, it is essential to stop dust being generated.
EMISSIONS and ODOURS: Processes involving the use of fuels and the heating and drying of materials
commonly emit fumes, odours or smoke. It is important to prevent emissions and odours as far as
possible, to protect workers and because they annoy the public and affect the environment.
Preventative measures must be taken to avoid emitting smoke and odours.
Toolbox Talk
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Damp down traffic routes.
Impose a strict speed limit on site.
Wheel wash all vehicles leaving site.
Use enclosed chutes for dropping materials to ground level.
Minimise cutting and grinding on site or use wet cutting techniques and dust extraction.
Locate stock piles out of the wind.
Ensure all dust-generating materials are transported to and from site under
covers/tarpaulins.
Erect dust screens.
Remember that some dusts such as wood dust can be highly flammable and cause
explosions.
Switch off engines when not in use.
Ensure all vehicles comply with MOT emission requirements.
Keep all plant and equipment well maintained.
Use covered containers for organic waste and remove frequently.
Do not burn waste on site.
Store all chemicals and other dangerous substances in the appropriate manner.
Take into account the wind conditions when planning activities.
Keep refuelling areas away from the public.
Keep site toilets away from public areas.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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57
44 WATER POLLUTION
This Toolbox Talk is intended to provide employees with information on the potential for pollution
caused by their work activities and the measures that can be taken to prevent the occurrence of these
events.
Employers have a legal duty under Environmental Protection law not to pollute the environment and
employees must play their part in complying with this duty.
Construction sites are often criticised for the damage they cause to the surrounding environment.
This damage can take many forms, for example, excessive noise, dust etc. However, spillages
statistically account for the greatest harm to the Environment.
There are many precautions that can be taken to avoid spillages. These include the use of bunds
around oil storage tanks and the use of drip trays around mobile plant. Advance planning can avoid
the need for emergency response if things do go wrong. For example sandbags, or even sand, can be
used as a barrier to protect sensitive areas, or block off drains, during refuelling.
44.1 Toolbox Talk
1.
2.
Spillages generally fall into two categories; Major and Minor.
Major spillages can be categorised as one that cannot be controlled e.g.
pollution
has entered, or could enter a drain or watercourse.
3. This event must be reported to a foreman/supervisor immediately, who in turn must
report the incident to the Environment Agency.
4. Minor spillages can be categorised as those that can be controlled e.g. pollution has not
entered and cannot enter a drain or watercourse.
5. The spillage must be cleaned up immediately using the appropriate materials, e.g. spill
kits etc.
6. A spillage procedure must be developed along the principles of;
o Stop!
o Contain!
o Notify!
7. Personnel on discovering a spillage must: - STOP work immediately and prevent any
more material spilling, e.g. right an oil drum, close a valve. Eliminate any sources of
ignition, e.g. switch off engines;
8. Arrangements must be made to CONTAIN a spillage through the use of bunds of earth,
sand, drip trays etc. immediately.
9. Checks must be made to ensure that the spillage has not reached any nearby
drains/manholes, watercourses, ponds and other sensitive areas. Drains/gullies must be
“bunged” to stop the spillage entering the drainage system.
10. Your supervisor/manager must be NOTIFIED immediately and provided with the
following information:
o Whether the spillage has entered the drain/watercourse or is affecting the
environment;
o Material/substance involved;
o Location;
o Reason for the incident; and
o Quantity involved.
11. Spill kits must be available on site at locations where spills are more likely to occur, e.g.
refuelling points, storage areas etc. The correct medium to control the spillage must be
used. Careful measures must be implemented for hazardous materials and COSHH.
12. Material/substance data sheets must be available and read before attempting to deal
with hazardous materials/substances.
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13. Disposal of spillage waste, e.g. oil granules or pads must be bagged and placed in the
designated special waste skip.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
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45 CONTROL OF DUST AND FUME
This talk will cover some sources and dangers from dust and fumes and examples of precautions
that can be taken.
45.1.1
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45.1.2
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45.1.3
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Some sources of harmful dust and fumes
Cutting, sanding and grinding of some materials will create harmful dust.
Welding and gas cutting of metals can create harmful fumes.
Heating metals such as lead will create harmful fumes.
Work with old lead can expose you to lead oxide dust (white, powdery deposits) which is
also harmful
Burning off old lead-based paints can also create harmful fumes.
Stripping out or other work involving fibrous insulation (such as asbestos or fibreglass
insulation) can release harmful dust into the air.
Some health risks from breathing in dust or fumes
Silica dust from cutting or scabbling concrete can cause lung diseases such as Silicosis,
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and some lung cancers.
Dust from cutting or sanding hardwood can cause nasal cancer.
Asbestos dust can cause cancer of the lungs or lining of the chest cavity.
Welding fumes can result in ‘metal fume fever’ which has flu like symptoms.
Breathing in the fumes from solvents and paint can lead to nausea, drowsiness,
headaches and, eventually unconsciousness and death in extreme cases.
Investigations are continuing into possible harmful effects of breathing in dust from
synthetic insulation materials such as fibreglass matting.
Precautions
Where it is possible, the job should be planned to eliminate harmful dust and fumes.
If elimination is not possible, harmful dust and fumes must be controlled so that they are
not breathed in by anyone.
Some tools and plant are fitted with dust extraction and collection devices – if these are
available, use them.
If your employer has provided portable extraction equipment, use it.
It may be necessary for you to wear RPE to protect yourself from the effects of dust or
fumes – make sure you know how to use it properly, ask if you have the correct RPE.
Consider the effects that your work may be having on other people.
Do not dry sweep – use a vacuum or wet cleaning.
Do not use compressed air for removing dust.
ANY QUESTIONS?
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46 WORKING TRACKSIDE
This talk will cover: some hazards and precautions associated with working on railways.
46.1 Toolbox Talk
46.1.1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
46.1.2
Some hazards
The danger of injuries resulting from the impact of moving trains cannot be
overemphasised.
Besides direct impact, there is also the danger of being dragged under fast moving trains
by the variations in air pressure as the train passes by.
Electrified lines create extreme hazards; beware electrical dangers from overhead lines
and third and fourth line systems.
Scaffold must be properly erected to cater for the movement of trains.
Some of your work may be in confined spaces – refer to tool box talk ‘Working in
confined spaces’.
The effects of alcohol and drugs, including some prescription drugs, will reduce your
concentration and safety – refer to tool box 'First Aid’.
Precautions
1.
You must be trained and competent to work in a railway environment – ensure you
carry your track safety card or you will be refused access to the site.
2. Your Person in Charge of Work (PICOW) will set up a safe system of work; always follow
the directions given particularly with regard to safety.
3. Familiarise yourself with the differences in, and restrictions imposed, when working in
RED and GREEN zones.
4. Always wear the correct standard of PPE, including high visibility clothing.
5. Always treat overhead lines and the third rail as live.
6. Remember that an electrical isolation does not guarantee safety; it does not prevent nonelectric locomotives from using the track.
7. Never allow yourself or anything you are using or handling to come within 2.75 metres
of the overhead rails.
8. Exercise extreme care if handling scaffold poles or other metallic objects.
9. Ladders must be wooden or of approved non-conductive materials, never metallic.
10. If you have to remove trackside fencing, replace it as soon as it is practical.
ANY QUESTIONS?
Bridgewater Contracts (Projects) Ltd|Toolbox Talks Suite
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