Abraham Lincoln #1
• In office 1861-1865
• 16th US Republican President
• His presidency caused the South to secede
and led to the Civil War. Without his opposition to slavery
expansion, slavery could have spread to the territories.
• Led the US in the Civil War
• Abolished slavery
• Strengthened the federal government
• Highly opposed to the spread of slavery
• Pg. 299-301 in textbook
Andrew Johnson #2
•
•
•
•
17th US Democratic President, Unionist
In office 1865-1869
Handled Reconstruction controversies very badly
Attempted to reconstruct the Seven Confederate States
(Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North and South
Carolina, and Texas).
• First American president to be impeached
• Pg. 351-354 in textbook
Ulysses S. Grant #3
• 18th US Republican President
• In office 1869-1877
• Great military commander during the
Civil War
• Won the battles of Shiloh and Fort Henry
and Donelson
• Affiliated with the Radical Republicans
• Was infamous for the graft and
corruption during his presidency
• Pg. 315 in textbook
Rutherford B. Hayes #4
•
•
•
•
•
•
19th US Republican President
In office 1877-1881
Managed the end of Reconstruction
Ended federal army intervention in the South
Incorporated home-rule into Southern society
Pg. 371-372 in textbook
William McKinley #5
•
•
•
•
•
•
25th US President
In office 1897-1901
Led the US to victory in the Spanish-American War
Raised protective tariffs to support American industry
Last president to serve in American Civil War
Pg. 531-532 in textbook
Theodore Roosevelt #6
•
•
•
•
26th US Republican President
In office 1901-1909
Led the US to victory in the Spanish-American War
Used “modern presidency” during his term
– Increased the power of the executive branch
• Founded the Progressive Party
• Implemented the Square Deal
• Central cause for reform of America and
Redefining federal power
• Pg. 505 in textbook
Woodrow Wilson #7
• 28th US Democratic President
• In office 1913-1921
• Leader of the Progressive movement
• Continued Taft and Roosevelt’s antitrust efforts
• Against “big business”
• Endorsed “New Freedom”
• Led the Democratic Party to control the White
House and Congress
• Pg. 514 in textbook
Hebert Hoover #8
•
•
•
•
31st US President
In office 1929-1933
In office after the stock market crash of 1929
Encouraged people that the depression was natural and
would correct itself
• Caused a delayed reaction to fix the
depression
• Pg. 655 in textbook
Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) #9
•
•
•
•
•
•
32nd US President
In office 1933-1945
Elected four times as President
Lead the US during time of depression and war
Built a New Deal that eventually reunited American politics
Allied with Winston Churchill and
Joseph Stalin during WWII
Pg. 664-670 in textbook
Harry S. Truman #10
•
•
•
•
•
•
33rd US President
In office 1945-1953
Took presidency after FDR
US successfully ended WWII
Key figure in the conflicts with the Soviet Union
Doubted by many Americans because he was
not well known
• Pg.767 in textbook
Anaconda Plan/Farragut
•
•
•
The Anaconda Plan was a 3 part
strategy by which the Union proposed
to defeat the Confederacy in the Civil
War (pg.314)
Their strategy was: 1) the union navy
would blockade Southern parts, so
they could neither export cotton nor
import much-needed manufactured
goods. 2) Union riverboats and armies
would move down the Mississippi
River and split the Confederacy in
two. 3) Union armies would capture
the confederate capitol at Richmond,
Virginia (pg.314)
David G. Farragut was a commander
for the Union. He led a fleet into
Louisiana, then on April 24, they
successfully ran past two Confederate
forts and was able to capture New
Orleans, the Confederate’s the largest
city and busiest port. The significance
of this would be that because of
Farragut seizing New Orleans along
with Grant progressing down the
Mississippi, the union nearly
completed its goal of cutting the
Confederacy in two. (pg316)
Robert E. Lee
•
He was a commander for the confederate army. He
was known for being mostly modest and willing to go
outside the box when it can to military tactics. He
opposed secession and even vouched to free slaves but
stayed to fight with the confederates because of his
beloved state of Virginia (pg. 316)
•
He was best known for him and General McClellan’s
battles called the Seven Days’ Battle which lasted from
June 25 to July 1 of 1862. After Lee’s victory, he
moved his troops towards the enemy’s capitol. On
August 29, he won the Second battle of Bull Run.
Soon after they crossed into Maryland, McClellan’s
army found Lee’s army orders in a the meadows were
they had camped so they found opportunity to attack
because Stonewall and Lee’s armies were separated at
the moment, and this would begin the Battle of
Antietam which started on September 17. Even though
this battle was a lost, it resulted in the Union firing
General McClellan because Lincoln felt he was too
passive. Lee would continue to lead in
Chancelorsville, Battle of Gettysburg, Vicksburg and
many more battle before being for forced to surrender
at Appomattox. (pg. 316-317) and (pg. 329-337)
•
Lee was very important in the victories the
Confederates obtained in the war
Stonewall Jackson
•
He was known for his aspirations to stay
strong.
•
He was General for the Confederates in the
Battle of Bull Run on July 21. Throughout the
battle in was not going in the Confederates
favor but they stayed strong and held firm
because of Jackson.
•
Soon, their reinforcements came and they were
able to capture their first victory for the South.
He sadly died at the battle of Chancellorsville
on May 10, 1863, from pneumonia along with a
gun shot wound to the arm. (Pg.329) (pg.314)
•
Gen. Jackson was one of Lee’s most trusted and
able generals.
Antietam
•
Antietam would be described as the
bloodiest single day battle in
American history.
•
A few days after General Lee’s men
crossed over into Maryland,
McClellan and his army were
crossing through the meadows were
confederated had camped and found
General Lee’s army orders which
showed that him and Stonewall’s
armies were separated at the moment.
McClellan saw opportunity so this
began the Battle in Antietam on
September 17. The battle was a
stand-off and many Confederates
were wounded and dead but
McClellan never went after them he
just let them go and retreat.
•
This action led to Lincoln firing
McClellan, characterizing him for
having, “the slows”. The significance
of this battle would have been
whether McClellan should had went
after the wounded and undermanned
Confederate troops and that have
possibly won the war for the Union.
(pg.317)
Gettysburg
•
The Battle of Gettysburg last from July 1-3
of 1863. During this battle position was very
important so Lee knew he needed to force
the northerners to yield their positions on
cemetery ridge, a high ground south of
Gettysburg. On the second day, Confederate
rebels pushed past union on their way to
little Round top and only a union signal
corps stood in their way.
•
The rebels decimated the union lines on
little Round top but the union put up a fight
behind colonel Joshua L. Chamberlain even
though they lost due to lack of ammunition.
Eventually, he was able to protect Union line
even though they lost territory. Day 3 was a
three day battle that resulted in many losses.
Union losses included 23,000 men killed or
wounded and 28,000 for the Confederates.
The Union won, and this left a bad taste for
the Confederates because they would never
recover from this.
54th Massachusetts
•
The 54th regiment
Massachusetts volunteer
Infantry was the first official
African American unit in the
U.S during the Civil War.
They did a lot of service
throughout the war, they even
recruited freed slaves to join
their unit as well.
•
The 54th regiment represented
the accomplishments and
contributions African
Americans made throughout
the war.
Jefferson Davis
•
He was voted unanimously to become
president for the Confederate States of
America. This was the Confederates push to
become independent from the U.S and dot
heir own values and beliefs. (Pg.305)
•
Was an avid leader through the Civil War
but also described as being careless for the
people too.
•
He also felt that the Emancipation
Proclamation was the “most execrable
measure recorded in the history of guilty
man”. Soon after many battles the
Confederacy ended with their surrender at
Appomattox
Clara Barton
•
She was a dedicated nurse for the Union. She
was the first woman to work as a clerk in the
U.S Patent Office. She cared for the sick and the
wounded on the front lines of battle along with
being good at anticipating troop movements so
that she could get to the battleground early with
bandages and supplies.
•
Her importance was that because her and other
nurses work, the union death rate showed
improvement over the previous wars. (pg. 328)
Sherman’s March to Sea
•
Sherman moved south and occupied Atlanta,
the confederate transportation center. In
retaliation, the Confederates tried to circle
him and cut off his railroad supply lines.
Rather than wait for the Confederates to
attack, Sherman decides to abandon his
supply lines and march through Georgia
causing destruction, burning down most of
Atlanta in mid November.
•
After that they turned north to help Grant
wipe out Lee, they were followed by 25,000
former slaves eager for freedom. They
inflicted more damage in South Carolina but
when they moved in to north Carolina they
stopped and handed out supplies to those
who needed it because the new the war was
near over. (Pg. 335-336)
Appomattox
•
On April 9. 1865, General Lee
and General Grant met to
arrange the Confederate
surrender. By Lincoln’s terms,
Grant sent the Confederate
soldiers home with their
personal possessions, horses,
and 3 days worth of rations.
•
Eventually all Confederate
resistance collapsed and this
marked the end of the Civil
War. The south fought a valiant
fight but they were
undermanned and beaten down
to the point were they could
recover. (pg.337)
21 Jeb Stuart
1833-1864
He was Robert E. Lee’s eyes and ears of the confederate
army. He was the general of the Calvary for the south.
P 331
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.E.B._Stuart
22 Scalawag
1860’s-1870’s
These would be white southerners who
thought they should reform the government
but also allow African Americans to
keeptheir rights.
p357
http://tdl.org/txlordspace/bitstream/handle/2249.3/624/06_reco
n_south.htm?sequence=3
23 Carpetbagger
1860’s-1870’s
These would be northerners
going to the weak unstable
south for there own personal
gain to take advantage of the
destroyed economy.
p348
http://www.tredegar.org/richmond-sols/jimcrow-scalawags.aspx
24 Sharecropping
1865-1877. Reconstruction time
This was used to employ blacks looking for
jobs following freedom. They would give
the former slaves a portion of the main
land owners land as long as they would
farm it and not leave until they paid back
the owner in full with a crop goal at the
begging of the year. The workers were set
up to fail and would almost never reach the
goal.
http://belthorne2011.blogspot.com/2011/05/
henry-mong-karens-office-sharecropping.html
p364
25 KKK
1865-1870’s
A extreme group of racists that were
formed following the freedom of the slaves.
They would go to the houses of African
Americans at night and burn the houses
and beat up the family. They would also
fight or kill anyone who would employ or
help the blacks.
P366-368
http://wchbnewsdetroit.com/tag/ku-kluxklan/
26 Debt Peonage
1860’s-70’s
When a worker comes to you and asks you for
money you say yes but make them work for
you. Then they have to pay back the debt they
owe you and never can and are locked into a
system very much like slavery.
http://www.ehow.com/about_5414560_debtpeonage.html
p477
27 Jim Crow Laws
1876-1965
This was a set of laws placed to limit and
segregate blacks from white following the
emancipation. They were very racist and were
not equal. The blacks were treated far worse
than the whites, and the hope they had felt from
emancipation soon vanished with these laws.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&ua
ct=8&docid=Ker9g3SS9kRXvM&tbnid=L-zMkv31vzLNM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.com%2Fobxnancy%2F3-jimcrow-and-racism%2F&ei=XH5_U-XSConfsAT6m4KoCg&psig=AFQjCNGdxtq7VcjM0BOdNhLKlRYQ0Tldw&ust=1400950734580504
p474
28 Grandfather Clause
1870’s-early 1900’s
This was used in cases where the whites had
no money and also were not very smart. Also
when Blacks were educated and had money.
This was used, it was a clause saying if your
grandfather was not free before the
emancipation day you could not vote. Which
most blacks grandfathers were not free, this
would make them unable to vote.
http://www.sjsapush.com/ch20.php
p474
29 Literacy tests
1890’s-1960’s
A prevention for blacks to vote in
the South following the
emancipation of the slaves. The
tests for blacks would be
extremely tough while a white
mans test would be incredibly
easy. Even if the black man would
pass they would still be failed just
so they could not vote. While the
white man if they failed would still
be passed so they could vote.
p474
http://therussler.tripod.com/artwork/political/
political.html
30 Poll tax
1880’s
This was a prevention for
black’s to vote. If the
white men who were
uneducated could not
pass the literacy test. And
did not have the
grandfather who could
vote before the date the
slaves were emancipated.
They could pay to vote
while the poor blacks did
not have the money too.
p474
http://usslave.blogspot.com/2012/10/polltax.html
31. Segregation pg. 856
Who: African Americans
What: Segregation is the separation of
any group of people from another based
on race.
When: 1862-1950
Where: USA, most apparent in the south
Why: After the Emancipation Proclamation was passed in the united states all
of the former slaves were freed and entered into society. Because the former
slaves were looked down on in society, there were different rules created to
separate them from the ‘regular’ citizens. There were different court cases
aimed at determining what was allowed and what was too harsh when
segregating people. The case Brown vs. The Board of Education determined
that it was wrong to separate people and justify it by saying they were
‘separate but equal’.
32. Compromise of 1877 pg. 371-373
Who: Congress, Rutherford B. Hayes
What: An agreement that made
Rutherford B. Hayes president if the
North removed all troops from the
South.
When: 1877
Where: USA
Why: After the war, the south wanted to regain control of their homes. The Democrats
made an offer that they would let Rutherford B. Hayes be president if the Republicans
enacted certain legislation that would help the southern economy, withdrew all troops from
the south, and appointed democrats in different places of power.
33. Redemption pg. 350-355
Who: Southern USA
What: The reconstruction of the
south after the civil war.
When: 1856-1877
Where: Southern USA
Why: After the civil war the South needed to rebuild as a nation and to set up a new
government. The North, having won the war, would help the South reconstruct its
cities and government. Lincoln favored a more lenient reconstruction plan rather
than a plan that would punish the South for its secession. However, when Lincoln
died, Vice President Johnson took over and began to punish the South by making
the them abide by several rules. First, they would have to declare their secession
illegal, ratify the thirteenth amendment and free slaves, and swear their allegiance
to the nation.
34. Amnesty Act pg. 368
Who: Congress
What: Returned the right to vote and other
political rights to Southerners
When: May 1872
Where: USA
Why: Because many Southerners
complained that their political leaders were
being barred from representing them,
Congress passed this act. The Amnesty Act
weakened the power of the republican
party and gave the Southern Democrats
more political power.
35. Home Rule pg. 372
Who: Democrats
What: The ability of a state government to
run itself without the intervention of the
Federal Government.
When: 1876
Where: USA
Why: State governments under home rule are allowed to have different laws,
regulations, and taxes than the Federal government has. In 1876, states with home
rule would pass laws that restricted freedmen’s rights, destroy social government
programs, lower taxes, and disassemble public school systems.
36. Homestead Act pg. 382
Who: Congress
What: This act offered 160 acres of
free land to anyone who would
cultivate it for five years.
When: 1862-1900
Where: Western USA
Why: The Homestead Act was passed to convince people to move to the newly
acquired land in the west. People from the Florida to Maine moved west to take
advantage of this government program. Exodusters, or African Americans who
moved from Southern reconstruction, moved out west to the Great Plains.
37. Crédit Mobilier Scandal pg. 419
Who: Union Pacific Railroad
What: Created a construction
company that signed an
overpriced contract with the
railroad.
When: 1864
Where: Western USA
Why: The Crédit Mobilier construction company was created by the Union Pacific
Railroad company to give the profits from working for the Union Pacific Railroad
back to the owners of the Railroad. Crédit Mobilier signed an overpriced contract
with Union Pacific, and then the owners of both Crédit Mobilier and Union Pacific
pocketed the profits.
38. Union Pacific / Central Pacific R.R
pg. 416-418
Who: Major Railroad Companies
What: Hired immigrants, mainly Chinese,
and paid almost nothing. Also involved in
money scandals.
When: 1862
Where: Western USA
Why: Railroads were a big part of the economy in the 1800s. They provided jobs
for US citizens and immigrants. However, they paid almost nothing for a days
work which often involved dangerous conditions and sometimes death. The
Union Pacific was involved in a scandal that gave the owners of the railroad
most of the profit.
39. Chinese Exclusion Act pg. 443
Who: Chinese Immigrants
What: An Act that banned entry of all
Chinese people except students, teachers,
merchants, tourists, and government
officials.
When: 1882
Where: USA
Why: Because so many Chinese people were taking the jobs of US citizens, the
US government banned entry of all Chinese people into the USA. This law was
not repealed until 1943.
40. Ellis and Angel Islands pg. 440-441
Who: Anyone immigrating to
the United States
What: Islands where people
immigrating had to pass
tests and inspections to
enter the United States.
Where: Eastern USA,
Western USA.
Why: During the 1800s, anyone going to the United States had to pass disease
inspections and different tests. These tests and inspections were to make sure that
no one would bring diseases to the USA and that anyone immigrating would be able
to contribute to American society and get a job.
41. Problems of Urbanization
Who: People moving from rural areas to
urban areas
What: Growth of cities
Where: Cities
When: Early 1900’s
Why: The cities provided more work and
opportunities for the poor immigrants. The
quick urbanization led to tight housing,
transportation problems, unsafe drinking water,
and issues with sanitation, fires, and crime
Textbook reference pages: 446-451
Picture URL: http://www.biztechafrica.com/media/images/stories/urban.jpg
42. Laissez Faire
Who: Economists used Social Darwinism to justify this
What: Absence of regulation in the marketplace
Where: The United States of America
When: 1800 and 1900’s
Why: Laissez Faire is a French term meaning “allow to
do” and was a belief of many economists and
businessmen of the time.
Textbook reference page: 422
• Picture URL: http://lfb.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/050313_lft.png
43. Holding Company
Who: Big Corporations such as US Steel
What: Company made to do nothing but buy out
the stock of other companies
Where: United States of America
When: 1800’s and 1900’s
Why: Holding companies were one of the easiest
ways to create a monopoly, and this method was
used by big business owners such as JP Morgan
Textbook reference page: 423
•
Picture URL: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/photos/holding-companies-99.jpg
44. Monopoly
Who: Rockefeller, Morgan, Carnegie, etc.
What: Complete control over its industry’s production, quality,
wages paid, and prices charged
Where: United States of America
When: 1800 and 1900’s
Why: Monopolies resulted in owners of companies becoming
extremely wealthy and also resulted in the passing of the Sherman
Antitrust Act in 1890, making monopolies illegal
Textbook reference page: 423
•
Picture URL: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/WuvbVyZHjFM/UFGxYQgg3DI/AAAAAAAAAXc/UIpOeZ3g42c/s400/monopoly.jpg
45. Trust
Who: Big Businesses
What: Participants in a trust turned their stock over to a group of
trustees, people who ran the separate companies as one large
corporation. In return, the companies received certificates that
entitled them to dividends on profits earned by the trust
Where: United States of America
When: 1800 and 1900’s
Why: Trusts were formed to create a monopoly, but were not
legal mergers. Trusts were also banned by the Antitrust Act of
1890.
Textbook reference page: 423
•
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GQktuivoyZA/UvZmG1OhEDI/AAAAAAAAAFg/BpkqbD1Yf2g/s1600/clatyon.jpg
46. Vertical Integration
•
•
•
•
•
Who: Andrew Carnegie
What: Buying out all supplies and manufacturers
Where: United States of America
When: 1800 and 1900’s
Why: Using vertical integration, businessmen like
Carnegie control over raw materials, transportation
systems, and the overall manufacturing process of the
product. Therefore they eliminate any middle-men and
have complete power of the quality/cost of the product.
• Textbook reference page: 422
• Picture URL:
http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/790/flashcar
ds/833790/png/untitled21351889302414.png
47. Horizontal Consolidation
•
•
•
•
•
Who: Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, JP Morgan
What: The process of merging similar companies or buying out competition
Where: United States of America
When: 1800’s and 1900’s
Why: Using horizontal consolidation, business owners gained control over
competition and could have a monopoly over their industry. The use of these
methods led to the passing of the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890
• Textbook reference page: 422
Picture URL:
http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.co
m/790/flashcards/833790/png/untitled2
1351889302414.png
48. Social Gospel Movement
Who: Social welfare reformers
What: Early reform program for immigrants in cities
Where: Cities
When: Unknown
Why: The Social Gospel Movement peached salvation
through service to the poor. This inspired followers to
create churches in poor communities and persuaded some
business leaders to treat workers more fairly
Textbook reference page: 451
•
Picture URL: http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/images/1158_11178.jpg
49. Social Darwinism
Who: Charles Darwin
What: A social and economic philosophy based on the
biologist Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural
selection, holding that a system of unrestrained
competition will ensure the survival of the fittest.
Where: United States of America
When: 1800 and 1900’s
Why: Darwin’s ideas were used to justify laissez faire in
business. Economists believed that nobody, including
government, was allowed to intervene in business
Textbook reference page: 422
•
Picture URL: http://bhoffert.faculty.noctrl.edu/HST265/SocialDarwinism.png
50. Gospel of Wealth
Who: Andrew Carnegie
What: Book describing the importance of philanthropy
Where: United States of America
When: 1889
Why: The Gospel of Wealth, written by Andrew Carnegie,
Illustrated the importance of the wealthy sharing with
those less fortunate and this contrasted the belief
that money “stays in the family” via inheritances
Textbook reference page: 421
•
Picture URL: http://www.butler-bowdon.com/images/CarnegieTheGospelOfWealthCoverImage.jpg
#61 Robert La Follette
No page number
Sig.- This man was significant because he was part of
the U.S. senate and was a governor and he made
many new innovations and shared his ideals
throughout the government
La Follette was one of the leaders of the Progressive
movement, advocating more power to the electorate,
spreading democratic ideals
Date-1904
http://www.loc.gov/rr/mss/images/LaFollette_
Button.jpg
#62 Ghost Dance
Pg. 379,387
Sig- This dance was significant because when the ghost
dance spread throughout many tribes during the Battle
of Wounded Knee, it scared the military and this dance
motivated them to arrest Sitting Bull
Date- December 1890
http://3.bp.blogspot.c
om/JnTOf0aTD_0/Ubogsp
#63 Sand Creek Massacre
Pg.383
Sig- This massacre was significant because it showed
how Native Americans were dealt with when they
stepped out of line even in the slightest bit. Also it
showed how brutal the military could be towards the
Native Americans
Date-1864
http://www.black-hawkdesign.net/BlackHawk/washi
ta_river/custer.jpg
#64 Battle of Wounded Knee
Pg.387
Sig.- This was the brutal battle between the Indians
and the American Military brought an end to the
conflict between these two peoples.
Date- December 1890
http://history.denverlibrary.org/blo
g/files/Battle%20of%20Wounded%
20Knee%20Campsite.jpg
#65 George C. Custer
• Pg.385
• Sig.- He was important because he
discovered some gold in the black
hills and he indirectly started the
next few Indian battles.
• Date- 1874
http://wpcontent.answcdn.com/wiki
pedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cust
er_Portrait_Restored.jpg/250pxCuster_Portrait_Restored.jpg
#66 Crazy Horse
• Pg.-no page
• Sig.- He was significant because he was
the leader of a Native American tribe
and led his tribe through the battles
alongside Sitting Bull
• Date- 1877
http://ricecr0607.wikispaces.com/file/vie
w/Chef_CrazyHorse1.JPG/30658349/2
69x376/Chef_CrazyHorse1.JPG
#67 Sitting Bull
• Pg.384
• Sig- This man was important because he never
signed the Treaty of 1868 creating many
battles and conflicts between the tribes
(mainly Sioux) and the American military
• Date- 1868
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/r2WkuIxQPXI/UyDQIUSNSzI/AAAAAAAAJWE/8
Z3La_lDANo/s1600/sitting+Bull2.jpg
#68 Buffalo Soldiers
• Pg. no page
• Sig.- These soldiers were significant because
they were new African American soldiers and
the Army sent them to fight which was key to
reconstruction of the U.S. and the previous
racist views.
• Date- 1866
http://www.americanforests.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/06/Buffalo-soldiers.jpg
#69 Exodusters
• Pg.382
• Sig.- The exodusters were significant because
the African Americans changed Kansas and got
out of the rough areas in the south
• Date- Post reconstruction of south era
http://theautry.org/explore/exhibits/images/suf
frage/exodusters_350.jpg
#70 Dawes Act
• Pg.385
• Sig- This act was significant because it broke up
reservations and made assimilation throughout
the tribes. Also this act sold the Native Americans
land making them angry and willing to fight for it
back.
• Date-1887
• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons
/thumb/6/67/Poster_2013-08-14_0845.jpg/220px-Poster_2013-08-14_08-45.jpg
71: Assimilation
• Assimilation was put into
action by the Dawes act
of 1887. This was
towards Native
Americans, and it broke
up their reservations and
attempted to
“Americanize” them. This
led to many conflicts
between Natives and
settlers, including the
battle of wounded knee.
Pg. 385
72: Recall
• Recall took place around
the 1920’s. It was the
process of removing any
public official from office
by forcing a re-election.
This was a part of the
progressive reform of the
elections. This still
applies today in our
government.
Pg. 500
73: Initiative
• The initiative was a part
of the progressive era
during the 1920’s. This
was a bill organized by
the people, not law
makers. This was
important because it gave
people more power as a
part of reform in the
elections and government
of the progressive era.
Pg. 500
74: Referendum
• The referendum was a
vote on the initiative.
This took action during
the progressive era
around the 1920’s. This is
significant because the
vote was cast by citizens,
not law makers. This gave
the American people
much more power and
control in the
government.
Pg. 500
75: Collective Bargaining
• Collective bargaining was
used by the American
Federation of Labor (AFL)
led by Samuel Gompers.
Collective bargaining was
an agreement between
the workers and unions
with the businesses. This
was very effective during
the 1890’s, and wages of
workers raised up and the
hours worked dropped
during this time period.
Pg. 429
76: Muckrakers
• Muckrakers were journalists
who wrote about the corrupt
side of businesses that the
public did not see. This took
place around the beginning of
the 20th century. One example
of this was a book by Upton
Sinclair “The Jungle”. This
showed the side of the meat
industry that no one saw. This
changed the public’s view of
business. This also led to the
Meat Inspection Act, and Pure
Food and Drug Act of 1906 to
protect the health of citizens.
Pg. 496
77: Interstate Commerce Act
• This act was established in
1887. Its purpose was for the
federal government to
regulate railroad activities and
establish the Interstate
Commerce Commission (ICC).
Although this did not gain
power until 1906 because of
the supreme court ruling that
the government could not set
prices on railroads. This took a
part in creating the Panic of
1893, which was the worst
depression up to that time.
Pg. 420
78: Booker T. Washington
• Booker T. Washington was a very
well respected African American
leader around the end of the 19th
century into the 20th century.
Washington opened the Tuskegee
Normal and Industrial Institute.
Here he taught other African
Americans how to be prosperous
in a segregated America.
Washington was the most
respected African American of his
time, and even had dinner with
the president. Washington
believed that African Americans
should work harder to get out of
segregation rather than complain
or act violently.
Pg. 471
79: Scientific Management
• Scientific management
brought scientific concepts
into the work place. Most
importantly including the
assembly line. This was first
implemented by Ford in
1913. This increased the
production of businesses by
a large amount, and opened
up many unskilled jobs for
many people. This was a
part of the progressive era
in the reform of industries.
Pg. 496
80: Urbanization
• Urbanization was the
rapid growth of cities.
This took place during the
early 1900’s. People were
attracted to the cities
because there were more
job opportunities in
factories for unskilled
workers. This is
important because it gave
jobs to many people that
wouldn’t have one
otherwise.
Pg. 446
#91 San Juan Hill
• This battle was a crucial battle
in the Spanish-American War
on July 1st 1898. It was the
bloodiest battle of the war
with 2,700 killed This where
the term Buffalo soldier
became famous as well with
the name Teddy Roosevelt
who was the war hero,
eventually in 2001 Roosevelt
was awarded the Medal of
Honor for his actions.
• P.534
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_
of_San_Juan_Hill
#92 Philippine Islands
• The USA gained control
of these islands in 1898
by the Treaty of Paris.
America fought a war
over these islands
(Philippine-American
War). The islands were
then controlled by
Japan in WW2.
• P.541
http://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/List_of_islands_of_t
he_Philippines
#93 Emilio Aguinaldo
• Emilio Aguinaldo was
the 1st President of the
Philippines. He was in
office from 1899-1901.
He was the leader of
the Philippine forces
against the Americans
during the PhilippineAmerican War(18991901).
• P. 533, 538
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emili
o_Aguinaldo
#94 Open Door Notes
• John Hay’s Open Door
Notes were sent to
European Nations in Asia
in 1899. The notes asked
the other countries
involved in Asian trade to
“open the door” to
America because it
wanted foreign business
and to invest in that part
of the world, particularly
China
• P.538-542
http://jamesdalman.com/my-opendoor-policy/
#95 Roosevelt Corollary
• This is similar to
reinstatement of the
Monroe Doctrine. This
said that the US will
intervene in conflicts
between foreign
countries and Latin
America, in the Western
Hemisphere. This was
part of his mantra of
speak softly, and carry a
big stick.
• P. 544-545
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R
oosevelt_Corollary
#96 Alfred T. Mahan
• Mahan served from 1859
to 1896. He believed in
the power of the sea is
the greatest strength a
country could have. He
expressed his view in his
book, The Influence of Sea
Power Upon History. He
had a major influence in
the gain of strength in the
US Navy during after his
service.
• P. 524, 527-528.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf
red_Thayer_Mahan
#97 Great White Feet
• In 1907 Teddy Roosevelt
launched 16 ships. This
showed off the US
Naval power to powers
around the world. It
was served as a
showpiece of American
power.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grea
t_White_Fleet
#98 Panama Canal
• The USA took over the
project from the French
in 1904. They finished
in 1915. This shortened
the travel time from the
Pacific to the Atlantic
drastically. This was one
of the most significant
projects in US history.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pana
ma_Canal
#99 Howard Taft
• Taft served as President
from 1909-1913.
Roosevelt was President
before him and elected
not to run for a 3rd
term. He would regret
this decision when Taft
went into office
because he mad
Roosevelt furious with
many decisions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willi
am_Howard_Taft
Selective Service Act I.D. #100
• Who: Men ages 21-30 had to enlist.
• What: A law that required men to register for
military service.
• When: Enacted in 1917
• Where: Took place within the United States.
• Why: The Selective Service Act was to enlist
men into the U.S. army. Each man had a
number for which they were accounted for. On
draft day, if your number was called then you
became part of the army to fight in Europe in
WWI.
• Pg. 562
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_Service
_Act_of_1917
Henry Cabot Lodge #101
• Who: A conservative senator
• What: A senator who strongly disagreed on the
establishment of the League of Nations
• When: After WWI he scrutinized Woodrow
Wilson’s 14 Points
• Where: He lived in the U.S.
• Why: He was a critical part in how the U.S.
didn’t join the League of Nations. He opposed
the entry of the U.S. because he thought that
the entire idea was evil.
• Pg. 580
• http://legaldictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Henry+Cabot
+Lodge
NAWSA #102
• Who: Founded by Lucy Stone,
Carrie Chapman Catt, Susan B.
Anthony, and Elizabeth Cady
Stanton
• What: An organization that fought
for Woman’s suffrage.
• When: Late 19th century was when
NAWSA was founded
• Where: Founded in the U.S.
• Why: NAWSA was the driving force
in getting women the right to vote.
• Pg. 503
• http://www.stepbystep.com/differ
ence-between-nawsa-and-nwp92376/
NAACP #103
• Who: Founded by W. E. B. DuBois
• What: An organization that promoted
full racial equality
• When: Founded in 1909
• Where: Founded in the U.S.
• Why: The founding of NAACP gave
many African Americans the force of
people striving for full racial equality
• Pg. 511 and 520
• http://naacptristateinu.org/
Great Migration #104
• Who: African Americans in the South
• What: the large-scale movement of African
Americans from Southern to Northern cities
• When: Early 20th century
• Where: From Southern U.S. to Northern U.S.
• Why: Many African Americans moved to the
North to find jobs and make materials for
WWI
• Pg. 574-575
• http://www.blackpast.org/aah/greatmigration-1915-1960
Harlem Hellfighters #105
• Who: 369th Infantry Regiment, all African
Americans
• What: An infantry regiment of the U.S. army
that saw action in both WWI and WWII
• When: fought in WWI and WWII
• Where: An U.S. regiment
• Why: This regiment of African Americans
helped win both WWI and WWII. They
helped change American public opinion on
African American soldiers fighting in the war
• Pg. Not Given
• http://www.pbs.org/wnet/africanamericans-many-rivers-tocross/history/who-were-the-harlemhellfighters/
Lusitania #106
• Who: Passengers from many
countries sailed on the ship
• What: A British passenger ship
that was sunk by a German Uboat
• When: Sank May 7, 1915
• Where: Off the Southern coast
of Ireland
• Why: The sinking of the ship
was a major factor in bringing
the U.S. into WWI
• Pg. 552 and 559-560
• http://www.titanicandco.com/l
usitania.html
John Pershing #107
• Who: U.S. general
• What: A general who fought in the
Spanish-American War, and WWI.
• When: Born in 1860 and died in 1948
• Where: Born and died in the U.S.
• Why: Pershing was a huge
contributor to the Allies victory in
WWI. Pershing lead an African
American regiment in WWI and The
regiment, as well as Pershing were
given the Purple Heart.
• Pg. 567
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._
Pershing
Plessy v. Ferguoson #108
• Who: Homer Adolph Plessy
• What: An 1896 case in which the Supreme
Court ruled out that separation of the races
in public accommodations was legal, thus
establishing the “separate but equal”
doctrine.
• When: 1896
• Where: The U.S.
• Why: This made African Americans believe
that although they were segregated from
white people, they were all equal. The soon
realized that they were cheated out of
equality yet again
• Pg. 474-475
• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Up
closepvsfergfront.JPG
109. Zimmerman Telegram
• A telegram sent by the German foreign
minister to the German ambassador in
Mexico and intercepted by British agents.
• It was suppose to get Mexico to fight the
United States, with possibly Japan’s help.
This would keep the U.S. out of
Germany’s way
• January 16, 1917.
• This can be found on page 561.
http://8fb80e.medialib.glogster.com/media/f8be67d1b4814b836
e3c66682ffda6e1e16b943c46f89c73a26b95ed4d636236/zimme
rman-note.jpg
110. Hundred Days
• Congress passed more than 15 major
pieces of the New Deal legislation.
These laws, and others that followed,
significantly expanded the federal
government’s role in the nation’s
economy.
• RDR wanted relief for the needy,
economic recovery, and financial
reform.
• March 9 to June 16, 1933.
• This can be found on page 665.
http://media.salon.com/2009/01
/what_can_obama_learn_from_f
drs_first_100_days-360x307.jpg
111. Prohibition
• The banning of the manufacture,
sale, and possession of alcoholic
beverages.
• Moral reform
• Law enforcement was not
enforced, so the black market for
booze boomed!
• 18th Amendment (1919) to the 21st
Amendment (1933).
• It can be found on page 495.
http://rarehistoricalphotos.com/wpcontent/uploads/2013/11/December5th-1933-The-night-they-endedProhibition.jpg
112. Isolationism
• In opposition to political and
economic entanglements with
other countries.
• The U.S. tried to successfully
fulfill this before WWI and
WWII but were dragged into
both wars eventually.
• This started in the early 1900’s.
• You can find this on page 597.
http://thetruthnews.info/iso
lationism.jpg
113. Espionage and Sedition Acts
• Two laws that imposed harsh
penalties on anyone interfering with
or speaking against U.S. participation
in World War I.
• A person could be fined up to
$10,000 and/or sentenced to 20
years in jail for interfering with the
draft, obstructing the sale of
government bonds, or saying
anything disloyal, profane, or
abusive about the government or
the war effort.
• This was in 1917 and 1918.
• This can be found on page 573.
http://museumredscare1920.
wikispaces.com/file/view/sedi
tion.jpg/133907209/213x315/
sedition.jpg
114. New Weapons WWI
• Mechanized warfare – or warfare that relies on
machines powered by gasoline and diesel
engines.
• Big Bertha – German cannon that could hurl
1,800-pound shells a distance of 75 miles.
• Zeppelin – a gas-filled airship that enabled
Germans to drop bombs on English coastal
cities. ( They were eventually not used because
they were easy to shoot down)
• Gas – greenish-yellow fog of chlorine
• Planes were now used to fight (dogfights).
They used to be only used for gathering
intelligence.
• Tanks were first being used by Britain.
• This started around 1915.
http://www.historyonthenet.com
• You can find this on page 566.
/WW1/images/machinegun.jpg
115. Speculation
• The engagement in risky business
transactions (in this case, the buying and
selling of stocks) on the chance of quick
or considerable profit.
• This fueled the market’s upward spiral.
• As prices rose, wealth was generated on
paper, but it bore little relation to the real
worth of companies or the goods that
they produced. The price of stocks had
little relationship to the dividends the
stocks paid.
• This activity really increased in the late
1920’s.
http://20samerica.weebly.com/
• You can find this on page 645.
uploads/5/9/7/7/597705/28504
5.jpg
116. Herbert Hoover
• The 31st president (Republican).
• He believed that depressions were
a normal, healthy part of business
and that it would correct itself.
• “Rugged Individualism”
• He also believed that the
government should do as little as
possible.
• He was elected president in 1928.
Lost to FDR following election.
• This can be found on page 644.
http://upload.wikimedia.org
/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/
HerbertHoover.jpg
117. Reconstruction Finance Corp.
• An agency established to
provide emergency financing to
banks, life-insurance
companies, railroads, and other
large businesses.
• Hoover thought that it would
pump new life into the
economy by fueling business
expansion. He thought that the
wealth would trickle down.
• This received a lot of criticism.
• This was established in 1932
• This can be found on page 658.
http://si.wsj.net/public/resources/i
mages/P1AN285B_PLAN_NS_2008101422385
5.gif
118. Buying on Margin (Pg.645)
• Who- Many American
investors
• What- Paying a small
percentage of a stock’s price
as a down payment and
borrowing the rest.
• When-1930’s
• Where- America
• Why-Since the stocks
declined, there was no way to
pay off the loan
119. Stock Market Crash (Pg.645)
• Who- American businesses and
investors
• What- As stocks declined, everyone
tried to sell their stocks. Also, those
who bought on margin were in huge
debt.
• Where- America
• When- October 24, 1929
• Why- It put America into a Great
Depression and made thousands of
people loose their jobs.
120. New Deal (Pg.664)
• Who- Created by FDR
• What- The program designed by
FDR to alleviate the problems of
the Great Depression. It focused
on three major things; relief for
the needy, economic recovery,
and financial reform.
• Where- America
• When- 1933-1936
• Why- It helped get America back
on it’s feet again, and allowed
new job opportunities.
121. Huey Long (Pg.670)
• Who- Senator of Louisiana
• What-He was an early supporter for
the new deal, but soon turned
against it. He started “sharing the
wealth” programs
• When- 1928
• Where- Louisiana
• Why- He had created over 27,000
Share-Our-Wealth clubs
122. Eleanor Roosevelt (Pg.671)
• Who- The first lady to FDR, and a
social reformer
• What-She had a great effect on FDR’s
decisions like appointing women
judges. She reminded her husband of
the suffering lower-class.
• When-1935
• Where- America
• Why-She gave a caring face for the
New Deal administration
123. John Collier (Pg.680)
• Who- Commissioner of Indian
Affairs
• What- Appointed this position by
FDR, he helped create the Indian
Reorganization Act of 1934. This
helped Native American’s keep
their land
• Where- America
• When-1933
• Why- He gave the Indians more
rights
124. Direct vs. Indirect Relief (Pg.653)
• Who-The American government
• What- Direct relief was cash
payments or food provided by the
government to the poor. Indirect
relief focused on creating programs
to help people fend for themselves
• Where- America
• When- During/After the Great
Depression
• Why- It was meant to help
American people get back to
normal.
125. Securities & Exchange
Commission (Pg.666)
• Who- Enacted by the
Federal Government
• What- It was created to
regulate the stock market.
It prevented people from
making up stock
percentages
• Where- America
• When- June 1934
• Why- It created a more
stable and secure stock
market
126. Glass-Steagall Banking Act
• Who- Passed by Congress
• What- It established the
Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation. This
provided Federal
insurance up to 5,000
dollars in bank accounts.
• Where- America
• When- 1933
• Why- It made American
citizens trust the bank
more.
127. Glass-Steagall Banking Act
• This law established the Federal Deposit
Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to protect
individuals’ bank accounts.
• Legislation was passed in 1933
• Founded by Carter Class and Henry Steagall
• Pages 666-667
128. Tennessee Valley Authority
• A federal corporation established in 1933 to
construct dams and power plants in the
Tennessee Valley region.
• Founded by FDR and George W. Norris
• Established in 1933
• Page 693
129. Civilian Conservation Corps
• An agency established as a part of the New
Deal, that put young unemployed men to
work building roads, developing parks,
planting trees, and helping in erosion-control
and flood control projects.
• Established April 5, 1933
• Founded by FDR
• Page 667
130. Works Progress Administration
• An agency, established as a part of the New
Deal, that provided the unemployed with jobs
in construction, garment making, teaching,
the arts, and other fields.
• Founded by FDR and
Henry Hopkins
• Established April 8, 1933
• Page 673
131. Social Security Act
• A law enacted in 1935 to provide aid to
retirees, the unemployed, people with
disabilities, and dependent mothers and
children.
• Signed by FDR
• Page 673
132. Wagner Act
• A law enacted in 1935 to protect workers’
rights after the Supreme Court declared the
National Industrial Recovery Act
unconstitutional.
• A.K.A National Labors Relations Act
• Founded by Robert Wagner
• Page 674
133. Federal Securities Act
• A law enacted in 1933 that required
corporations to provide complete, accurate
information on all stock offerings.
• Signed into law by FDR
• Page 666
134. Court Packing Scandal
• A legislative initiative proposed by FDR to add
more justices to the Supreme Court in order
to pass new laws quicker.
• Occurred in 1937
• Page 669-670
135. National Industrial Recovery Act
• A law enacted in 1933 to establish codes of
fair practice for industries and to promote
industrial growth
• Created by FDR
• Page 668
Deficit Spending
Txt: p. 642-645
Who: United States Government
What: Deficit spending is
spending money to a point in
which you don’t have the money
and are in debt.
When: 1940’s- present day
Where: United States
Significance: In doing so America
came out of the Great Depression
with Deficit spending and strives
today off of it but with the
consequences of debt and the
lower value of the US dollar.
Cash-Carry
Txt: p. 719
Who: Britain and US
What: This was the trading policy
prior to the Lend-Lease Act in 1941
and included in the Neutrality Act of
1939 stating that Britain may trade
with the Us only if their ships paid up
front and were to carry the cargo
themselves from US harbors.
When: 1939-1941
Where: Atlantic ocean
Significance: The US passed this
because Britain was their main
export and the US needed Britain for
its economy to strive.
Lend-Lease
Txt: p. 720-721
Who: FDR and US government
What: This was a revision in trade
policy made in the Lend-Lease
Act in 1941 stating that the US
could now lend and lease aid to
Britain and the Soviet Union.
When: 1941
Where: Atlantic Ocean
Significance: It shows the the US
slowly leaving their neutral
position stated in the Neutrality
Acts and becoming sided with
Britain giving them aid and
supplies.
Holocaust
Txt: p.714-718
Who: Executed out by the Nazis and they
targeted “non- Aryans”, (Jews, Gypsies,
Freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses)
What: The Holocaust was a campaign for
racial purity which caused the systematic
murder of 11 million people across
Europe, more then half of whom where
Jews.
When: 1933-1945
Where: Nazi Germany, Europe
Significance: This showed the true evil of
Hitler and how strong Anti-Semitism was
in Europe and that Hitler must be
stopped and whoever involved would be
held responsible in the Nuremburg Trials.
Japanese Internment
Txt: p. 735
Who: People of Japanese heritage that
lived in America.
What: all Japanese people who lived in
America during the war were striped
from there homes and sent to
internment camps.
When: 1942-1945
Where: Mostly on the West but also on
the East coast as well.
Significance: This was immoral and
unjust and shows that the war caused
back home Anti-Semitism. This was
ordered to rid of any Japanese spies but
most people were Japanese Americans
and had nothing to do with Japan.
Gen. Eisenhower
Txt: p. 741-743
Who: He was the Supreme
Commander of Allied forces in
Europe.
What: plan and led Operation
Overlord and supervised and
planned Operation Torch as well.
When: 1942-1945
Where: Europe, African front, and
the Normandy Front
Significance: He led a major role in
planning many operations and
leading the European Allied forces to
victory making him a well known
hero who later became president.
Atlantic Charter
Txt: p. 722
Who: FDR, Churchill, Allied Nations
What: This was a document issued by
FDR and Churchill addressing the post
war goals which was later signed by all
the Allies. It was also a basis for the
Declaration of the League of Nations.
When: August 14, 1941
Where: Newfoundland
Significance: It showed that America
supported Britain and the Allied powers
before they were officially in the war.
Secondly it founded the League of
Nations to protect the world from harm
and injustices which is still in order today.
Battle of the Bulge
Txt: p. 744
Who: German and American troops
led by Gen. Anthony McAuliffe.
What: This was the last counter
offense for German forces. They
broke a bulge in the middle of the
Allied forces and were advancing.
Ultimately the Germans failed and
the lost was too much too replenish
causing the fall of Germany.
When: Dec. 16 1944
Where: France, Europe
Significance: This marked the last
counter offense of the German
forces and the start of the fall of
Hitler and his forces in Europe.
D-Day/Operation Overlord
Txt: p. 742-744
Who: Organized by, Dwight D.
Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of the
U.S. forces in Europe followed by many
American, Canadian, French, and British
troops.
What: the first day of the Normandy
invasion, which marks the turn in the
tide of the war and the start of the
downfall of the German forces.
When: June 6, 1944
Where: Normandy, France
Significance: it was the major and most
important invasion of Europe in which
many troops lost their lives for the better
of the world. It also marks the first day of
the retake of the allied country France.
145. Gen. MacArthur
• Text: p.750
• Who: General of the
Philippine Army
• What: Brilliant military
strategist
• When: WW2
• Where: Pacific Islands
• Significance: Helped win
the war by inventing
island hopping
https://www.google.com/search?q=general+macarthur&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=HzJU5HeIInfsASg6IKgBg&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1034&bih=608#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=4qLzEnYhFnhw6M
%253A%3BkpANpSztvT0P5M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcdn.frontpagemag.com%252Fwpcontent%252Fuploads%252F2011%252F04%252Fmacarthur.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.frontpagem
ag.com%252F2011%252Falan-w-dowd%252Fwhat-macarthurs-farewell-teaches-ustoday%252F%3B364%3B370
146. Battle of Midway
•
•
•
•
•
•
Text: p.747
Who: Admiral Chester Nimitz,
commander of U.S. naval forces in
the Pacific
What: Nimitz learns from an
intercepted message that the
Japanese were going to attack
Midway. Nimitz then attacks the
Japanese at Midway with a surprise
attack.
When: June 4-June 7, 1942
Where: Midway, an island in the
Pacific
Significance: Although Nimitz was
outnumbered 4 to 1, he destroyed
the Japanese force. The Japanese
had lost 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser,
and 322 planes.
https://www.google.com/search?q=general+macarthur&es_sm=93&source=lnms&t
bm=isch&sa=X&ei=HzJU5HeIInfsASg6IKgBg&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1034&bih=608#q=battle+of+midwa
y&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=3AyWKv4wR6LytM%253A%3BE4gTd8JixuEFf
M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fsuperhypeblog.com%252Fwpcontent%252Fuploads%252F2012%252F05%252Fmidway.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F
%252Fsuperhypeblog.com%252Fmarketing%252Fsmart-data-business-lessons-fromthe-battle-of-midway%3B500%3B380
147. Island-Hopping
• Text: p.747-748
• Who: Gen. MacArthur
• What: MacArthur took over
less fortified islands and built
airfields on them. Then he
would cut off supply lines to
enemy troops.
• When: 1942-1945
• Where: Pacific islands
• Significance: By doing this,
MacArthur as able to starve
the other Japanese islands,
and overall shortened the time
and cost of the Pacific War.
https://www.google.com/search?q=general+macarthur&es_sm=93&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=H
zJU5HeIInfsASg6IKgBg&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1034&bih=608#q=island+hopping+ww2&tbm=isch&facrc
=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=sfWinFmpeYcyRM%253A%3BJR5z9dADqN4vNM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.lr
wieland.com%252Fmsboothe_2002_2003%252FUS%252520History%2525200203%252F5th%252520Six%252520Week%252520Period%252FWWII%252FWWII%252520presentation%25
2FWorld%252520War%252520II%252520Presentation%252FMaps%252FIsland%252520Hopping%252520
in%252520the%252520Pacific%252520Map%252520pic.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.lrwieland.c
om%252Fmsboothe_2002_2003%252FUS%252520History%2525200203%252F5th%252520Six%252520Week%252520Period%252FWWII%252FWWII%252520presentation%25
2FWorld%252520War%252520II%252520Presentation%252FMaps%252FIsland%252520Hopping%252520
in%252520the%252520Pacific.htm%3B656%3B550
148. Manhattan Project/Atomic Bomb
• Text: p.750-751
• Who: J. Robert Oppenheimer,
was the head scientist in
building the bomb.
• What: The Manhattan Project
was the project for the
creation of the atomic bomb.
• When: used on August 6 and
August 9, 1945
• Where: Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
• Significance: This led to the
Japan’s surrender.
https://www.google.com/search?q=atomic+bomb+ww2&es_sm=93&source=l
nms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=GXx_U9zwDaipsATL_oGQBQ&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&
biw=1040&bih=626&dpr=1#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=qOseDD09xU1PlM%253
A%3B9toqgmgJlJwhzM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fi.kinjaimg.com%252Fgawker-media%252Fimage%252Fupload%252Fs--04LVACAW-%252F18lvyjjyujn73jpg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fio9.com%252F543077
7%252Fhidden-letter-from-ww2-promises-rain-of-atomicbombs%3B313%3B250
149. 13th Amendment
• Text: p.343
• Who: Congress
• What: Banned slavery
and involuntary
servitude in the U.S.
• When: 1865
• Where: U.S
• Significance: officially
ended slavery forever in
the U.S.
https://www.google.com/search?q=atomic+bomb+ww2&es_sm=93&source=ln
ms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=GXx_U9zwDaipsATL_oGQBQ&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&bi
w=1040&bih=626&dpr=1#q=13th+amendment&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&i
mgrc=DMQ9zswPrCJQJM%253A%3BurIoaMnjhBHeKM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%2
52Fwhitmer.wikis.birmingham.k12.mi.us%252Ffile%252Fview%252F13thamme
ndmentpic2.jpg%252F144859183%252F13thammendmentpic2.jpg%3Bhttp%25
3A%252F%252Fwhitmer.wikis.birmingham.k12.mi.us%252F13th%252BAmendm
ent%3B420%3B250
150. 14th Amendment
• Text: p.353
• Who: Congress
• What: Made all people
whom were born in the
U.S. citizens.
• When: 1866
• Where: U.S.
• Significance: Provided a
constitutional basis for
the Civil Rights Act
https://www.google.com/search?q=atomic+bomb+ww2&es_sm=93&sourc
e=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=GXx_U9zwDaipsATL_oGQBQ&ved=0CAgQ_AU
oAQ&biw=1040&bih=626&dpr=1#q=14th+amendment&tbm=isch&facrc=_
&imgdii=_&imgrc=4C9DN2uI774mLM%253A%3B7qZTWmfXuLVjnM%3Bhtt
p%253A%252F%252F2.bp.blogspot.com%252FxxHrkqtyUbM%252FUHl0Sfn5rhI%252FAAAAAAAACqM%252FokrxrLchfDo%
252Fs1600%252FCRBill.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Frandomthoughtson
history.blogspot.com%252F2012%252F10%252Freconstruction-kentuckyjudge-ignored.html%3B781%3B490
151. 15th Amendment
• Text:p.355
• Who: Congress
• What: All people could
vote regardless of race,
color, or previous
condition of servitude.
• When: 1870
• Where: U.S.
• Significance: Forced all
states to allow African
Americans to vote.
https://www.google.com/search?q=atomic+bomb+ww2&es_sm=93&sourc
e=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=GXx_U9zwDaipsATL_oGQBQ&ved=0CAgQ_AU
oAQ&biw=1040&bih=626&dpr=1#q=15th+amendment&tbm=isch&facrc=_
&imgdii=_&imgrc=ke7tgpDO3_oyWM%253A%3BLDoBMYt5MoGV8M%3Bh
ttp%253A%252F%252Fbodyandbeing.lmc.gatech.edu%252Fbab_wiki%252F
images%252Fthumb%252F4%252F48%252F15thamend.jpg%252F180px15thamend.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fbodyandbeing.lmc.gatech.edu%
252Fbab_wiki%252Findex.php%252F15th_Amendment%3B180%3B212
152. 16th Amendment
• Text:p.162
• Who: Congress
• What: Allowed congress
to tax the people based
on income
• When: 1913
• Where: U.S
• Significance: Provided a
steady source of money
for federal government
https://www.google.com/search?q=atomic+bomb+ww2&es_sm=93&source=lnms&
tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=GXx_U9zwDaipsATL_oGQBQ&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1040&
bih=626&dpr=1#q=16th%20amendment&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=46dq
nWKYJ3LN0M%253A%3B3H0C4E8Uf5_vFM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.linksto
learning.com%252FImages%252FT631357A.JPG%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.lin
kstolearning.com%252Flinks%252Fthe_emergence_of_modern_america_(18901930)-high_school.htm%3B405%3B405
153. 17th Amendment
• Text: p.500
• Who: Congress
• What: Gave a direct
election of senators
• When: 1913
• Where: U.S.
• Significance: Forced
senators to be more
responsive to the public
https://www.google.com/search?q=17th+amendment&es_sm=122&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=0
VaDU92ODcmnsQSD6oDoDg&ved=0CAgQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=705#q=voting+for+senators&tbm=isc
h&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=o269H_fwpLNMMM%253A%3B9SLChhRsB1clnM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252
Fwww.mintpress.net%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2012%252F10%252FFlorida-EarlyVoting_Webf-690x388.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.mintpressnews.com%252Fsenators-takinglook-at-november-voting-problems%252F43505%252F%3B690%3B388
154. The 19th Amendment
• Who: Passed by congress.
• What: An amendment ratified in 1920
that gave women the right to vote.
• When: Ratified in August of 1920.
• Where: America.
• Why: The 19th Amendment prohibited
any U.S. citizen from being denied the
right to vote on the basis of sex. This
was a huge milestone for women
trying to obtain equality. (NAWSA).
• More on the 18th Amendment on
pages 163 and 520.
http://greensboro.legalexaminer.c
om/uploadedimages/InjuryBoardc
om_Content/Blogs/Regional_Blogs
/Suffrage.jpg
155. The 20th Amendment
• Who: Passed by Congress.
• What: An amendment that moved
presidential inaugurations to January
instead of March.
• When: Ratified February of 1933.
• Where: America.
• Why: Because this amendment was
ratified in February, Americans waited
extremely anxiously to see what FDR
would do to help the depression.
• Read more on the 20th Amendment
on pages 163 and 665.
http://84d1f3.medialib.glogster.com/
media/83/8357afc988312cce975eb4
19dd334207f5065ff8d39e80d640e67
cd99ec50f21/istockphoto-4902178the-20th-amendment-constitutionseries-jpg.jpg
156. The 21st Amendment
• Who: Passed by congress.
• What: This amendment ended
prohibition, and allowed the
manufacture, sale, and
transportation of alcohol.
• When: 1933.
• Where: America.
• Why: The 21st amendment included
an alcohol tax designed to raise
government revenues.
• Read more on the 21st Amendment
on pages 163 and 666.
http://jurist.law.pitt.ed
u/thisday/prohibitionou
t.gif
157. The 22nd Amendment
Who: Congress passed this.
What: This amendment set a two
term limit on being elected president
of the U.S.
When: Passed in 1947 and ratified in
1951.
Where: America.
Why: This amendment made sure
that Presidents such as FDR would
not be able to run for more than two
terms.
Read more on the 22nd Amendment
on page 164.
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/VLHt2SoU4ng/UElLeEr2OFI/AAAAAAAAAo4/oJ
_4WBZrKz8/s1600/552018_101509995376518
63_240756509_n.jpg
158. Charleston, SC
Who: Union and Confederate
soldiers.
What: One of the earliest cities in
the south. The battle for Fort
Sumter was also fought here.
When: founded in 1769.
Where: Charleston, SC
Why: Charles Town(Charleston) was
the only major port city in the early
South.
Read more on Charleston, SC on
pages 71,78, and 113.
http://www.idcide.com/i/
mc2/sc/northcharleston.gif
159. Shiloh
Who: Union and Confederate
soldiers,
What: A church in Tennessee.
When: Battle of Shiloh was April
6, 1862.
Where: A church in Tennessee.
Why: This is where the Battle of
Shiloh took place. It showed how
skillful Ulysses S. Grant was in
leading the Union soldiers.
Read more about Shiloh on pages
315-316.
http://thomaslegion.net/sitebuildercontent/site
builderpictures/shiloh.jpg
160. Vicksburg
Who: Union and Confederate soldiers.
What: A siege at the fort of Vicksburg
led by Ulysses S. Grant which eventually
resulted in a Union victory.
When: The siege was from May 18thJuly 4th in 1863.
Where: Warren County, Mississippi.
Why: Taking Vicksburg was another
step to successfully cutting the
Confederacy in two.
Read more on pages 316,330, and 332334.
http://www.idcide.com/i/mc2/ms/vick
sburg.gif
161. Richmond
Who: People living in Richmond, Virginia.
What: A border state which went to the
Confederates and became the
Confederate Capital.
When: City of Richmond founded in
1737.
Where: Richmond, VA
Why: Virginia was a huge loss to the
Union went they succeeded. Virginia was
the most populated and industrialized
city in the South.`
Read more about Richmond on pages
314, 316-317, 337, and 463.
http://pics2.citydata.com/city/maps/fr95.png
162. Gettysburg
Who: Union and Confederate soldiers.
What: A town in Pennsylvania where a
battle was fought during the Civil War.
When: Founded in 1786.
Where: Gettysburg, PA
Why: The win for the Union in Gettysburg
was a turning point for the North. Because
of this defeat Lee would never be able to
invade the North again.
Read more about Gettysburg on pages
329-332, 330-331, 333, 334.
http://pics2.citydata.com/city/maps/fr4519.
png
Gettysburg
•
•
•
•
July 3rd 1863
A three-day battle, which many historians
consider to be the turning point of the
Civil war.
This battle crippled the South so badly
that General Lee would never again
invade a Northern State.
P. 329 in the textbook
•
https://www.google.com/search?q=battle+of+gettysburg&hl=en&site=imghp
&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ei=tX1_UyNErTQsQT39IGQBQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAg&biw=1366&bih=649#facrc=_&imgd
ii=_&imgrc=g8lddA3KukdoMM%253A%3Bl6vSWd7gVSjPOM%3Bhttp%253A%2
52F%252Fcapitolbadgers.files.wordpress.com%252F2010%252F07%252Fgetty
sburg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcapitolbadgers.wordpress.com%252F20
10%252F07%252F01%252Fgettysburg-what-happens-if-the-southwins%252F%3B600%3B320
Bull Run
•
•
•
•
•
July 21st 1861
They turned the tide and won their first
battle for the south in the civil war.
The Union troops panickly retreated to the
capital, but the confederates were to
exhausted and disorganized to follow up
their victory with an attack on Washington.
Stonewall Jackson is introduced for the
confederates as the reason for victory.
P. 314 in the textbook
•
https://www.google.com/search?q=battle+of+gettysburg&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ei=tX1_UyNErTQsQT39IGQBQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAg&biw=1366&bih=649#hl=en&q=bull+run+civil+war&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii
=_&imgrc=QkmSnVq1ednyuM%253A%3B7FxGSM10nP36nM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fupload.wikimedia.org%252Fwi
kipedia%252Fcommons%252F4%252F48%252FFirst_Battle_of_Bull_Run_Kurz_%252526_Allison.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%25
2F%252Fen.wikipedia.org%252Fwiki%252FFirst_Battle_of_Bull_Run%3B868%3B633
San Francisco
•
•
•
•
1849
Gold fever traveled eastward, and the 49ers
who were the prospectors who flocked to
California during this gold rush, were people
from Asia, South America, and Europe.
The city’s population exploded from 1,000 in
1848 to 35,000 in 1850.
P. 277 in the textbook
• https://www.google.com/search?q=san+francisco+gold+rush&hl=en&site=imghp&sourc
e=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=gYJ_U_4T6bKxBOXRgPgO&sqi=2&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAg&biw
=1366&bih=649#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=y087p2joK32yfM%253A%3BMis5WmHL9Oef
XM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.lbl.gov%252FScienceArticles%252FArchive%252Fsabl%252F2005%252FNovember%252Fgold_rush.jpg%3Bht
tp%253A%252F%252Fnewscenter.lbl.gov%252Ffeaturestories%252F2005%252F11%252F29%252Fgold-rush-still-haunts-san-franciscobay%252F%3B600%3B422
The Dominican Republic
•
•
•
•
•
1870
Although the U.S. focused largely domestic
problems during Reconstruction, the nation
did have on significant dealing with a foreign
power.
President Grant attempted to annex the
Dominican republic, which aroused a storm
of controversy.
The Senate rejected the Annexation Treaty.
P. 369 in the textbook
• https://www.google.com/search?q=the+dominican+republic&sour
ce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=rROCU_6pNigsQTbpYC4DA&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1684&bih=767&
dpr=0.95#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=nTf9K7CTa5m6FM%253A%3B
AYabMu_vJRNRSM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.hispaniola.co
m%252Fdominican_republic%252Fxmaps%252Fhispaniola_in_am
erica.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.hispaniola.com%252F%
3B468%3B250
The Black Hills
•
•
•
•
•
When- Between the civil war and the turn of the
century.
A precious metal was discovered in scattered sites
starting here at the Black Hills.
It’s located in western South Dakota and is
surrounded by prairie.
It is home of Mount Rushmore
P. 394 in the textbook
•
https://www.google.com/search?q=the+domin
ican+republic&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&
ei=rROCU_6pNigsQTbpYC4DA&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&bi
w=1684&bih=767&dpr=0.95#q=the+black+hills
+of+south+dakota&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=
_&imgrc=yaIKqHouYpravM%253A%3BYAB5rvlJ
F2X2gM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Famin210.
wikispaces.com%252Ffile%252Fview%252FBlac
k_Hills_View.jpg%252F220120738%252F500x3
32%252FBlack_Hills_View.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%
252F%252Famin210.wikispaces.com%252FBlac
k%252BHills%3B500%3B334
The Rio Grande
•
•
•
•
•
1846
General Taylor was positioned at the Rio Grande in 1846
for the war with Mexico.
Mexico had responded by sending troops across the Rio
Grande.
Here, Mexican soldiers killed 11 soldiers which
immediately made president Polk issue a war message
to Congress.
P. 274 in the textbook
• https://www.google.com/search?q=the+dominican+republic&source=l
nms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=rROCU_6pNigsQTbpYC4DA&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1684&bih=767&dpr
=0.95#q=the+rio+grande&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=Ch5ME
HXfp8iVGM%253A%3BNxh7VXBj11rqdM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F
placesbook.org%252Fwpcontent%252Fuploads%252F2012%252F12%252FRioGrande.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fplacesbook.org%252Friogrande%3B273%3B302
Hawaii
•
•
•
•
•
Annexed in 1898
Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii realized that her
influence had come to an end, but announced that if
she was restored to power, she would behead those
who had conspired to depose her.
More than 160 U.S. sailors and marines were ready to
aid the white foreigners who planned to overthrow
the Hawaiian monarchy.
The annexation of Hawaii was one of the successful
goals of America’s empire builders.
P. 526 in the textbook
•
https://www.google.com/search?q=the+dominican+re
public&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=rROCU_6pNigsQTbpYC4DA&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1684
&bih=767&dpr=0.95#q=hawaii&tbm=isch&facrc=_&im
gdii=_&imgrc=YennNA0OfpT0RM%253A%3BsNswRVhA
c7uqZM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fi.infoplease.com%
252Fimages%252Fmhawaii.gif%3Bhttp%253A%252F%
252Fwww.infoplease.com%252Fatlas%252Fstate%252
Fhawaii.html%3B512%3B311
Columbia
•
•
•
•
•
•
1921
The Senate approved the route through Panama for
the canal, and the U.S. began negotiations over
Panama with Columbia.
When these negotiations broke down, Bunau-Varilla
helped organize a Panamanian rebellion against
Columbia.
Panama then declared independence
Congress paid Columbia $25 million for the loss of
its territory in 1921.
• https://www.google.com/search?q=the+dominican
+republic&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=rROC
P.543-544 in the textbook
U_6pNigsQTbpYC4DA&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1
684&bih=767&dpr=0.95#q=columbia&tbm=isch&f
acrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=8gU85nssHKSoaM%253A
%3B7IvYXgkvB3k7gM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252F
www.unicef.org%252Finfobycountry%252Fimages
%252Fibc_map_columbia_en.gif%3Bhttp%253A%2
52F%252Fwww.unicef.org%252Finfobycountry%25
2Fcolombia_2660.html%3B192%3B213
Panama
•
•
•
•
August 15th, 1914 was when the Panama canal
opened for business.
The United States negotiated a treaty that
guaranteed Panama’s independence.
More than 1,000 merchant ships used the waterway
during its first year of operation.
P. 544 in the textbook
•
https://www.google.com/search?q=the+dominican+republic&sour
ce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=rROCU_6pNigsQTbpYC4DA&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1684&bih=767&
dpr=0.95#q=panama+canal&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=r
kUlICf1hakoOM%253A%3BjY0ZW0H_8xsnMM%3Bhttp%253A%252
F%252F2.bp.blogspot.com%252FOmyJa0TzWrc%252FUd1eEszxU4I%252FAAAAAAAAPck%252FefLe0
igVaho%252Fs1600%252Fcanalmap.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Ftravelswithmoose.blogspot.co
m%252F2013%252F07%252Fthrough-panamacanal.html%3B1412%3B780
THE USSR
#181
The USSR ,or the Soviet Union, lasted from 1922 until
1991 when it finally collapsed. The USSR was a union
formed of Russia, the motherland, and several other
European and Asian countries that the Russians colonized.
In 1924, after the death of Lenin, Stalin came into power.
Stalin used “five year plans” in an attempt to revitalize his
countries economy, but ultimately his plans failed. During
WWII the USSR fought on the side of the allies along with
Britain, France, and eventually America. At the start of the
war Stalin signed a non- aggression pact with Hitler in
which the both agreed to split Poland and not to attack
each other. Unfortunately for our communist friends,
Hitler later disregarded this pact and invaded The
Motherland. The Russians were able to defeat the
Germans at the battle of Stalingrad and end the German
advance on the eastern front.
http://fc06.deviantart.net/fs70/f/2012/250/f/c/real_soviet_bear_by_e1_since1987-d5dx6x2.jpg
Poland
#182
Poland was a European country located, as
you can see from the map, directly in
between Russia and Germany. During the
war the USSR and Germany signed a
nonaggression pact agreeing not to attack
each other and to spilt the nation of Poland.
Later, on September First 1939, Hitler
changed his mind and invaded the Russian
half of Poland. By 6 October 1939 German
forces had completed the take over of
Poland. Hitler than annexed the country and
it remained a part of Germany until the end
of the war
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/images/map-poland.png
Japan
#185
Japan is an archipelago of numerous small
islands that can be found off the coast of
China, Russia, and the two Koreas. Japan
joined the axis power alongside Germany and
Italy. On December 7, 1941 Japan bombed the
American naval base of Pearl Harbor and then
began to expand into the pacific. The Japanese
were extremely difficult to defeat in battle, as
they believed that Emperor Hirohito was a
living god, and as a result were not afraid to
die in his service; opening up all sorts of
opportunities for kamikaze warfare. Japan was
the last of the axis powers to surrender, but
finally on September 2nd 1945 (After the
bombing of Nagasaki on August 9) Japan finally
surrendered unconditionally to the United
States of America.
Okinawa
#186
The battle for Okinawa was fought on
the Japanese island of Okinawa from
April 1 until June 22 of 1945. The
United States successfully taking over
the island was critical to war plans
due to the fact that to get within
enough distance to drop the atomic
bomb on Hiroshima the delivery
planes would have to fly over both
Okinawa and Iwo Jima.
Guadalcanal
#187
The battle of Guadalcanal lasted
from 7 August 1942 – 9 February
1943. The Allied Forces attacked
Guadalcanal and the neighboring
Solomon Islands in order to ensure
that Japanese forces on the islands
would not be able to obstruct war
supplies and boats passing through
the pacific. The campaign to
capture the islands marked the first
time the Allies switches from a
defensive position to an offensive
one in the pacific.
Iwo Jima
#188
The battle of Iwo Jima was the
last battle in the pacific during
WWII. The battle lasted from 19
February – 26 March 1945 and
ended in an American win. Iwo
Jima was a particularly brutal
battle due to the fact that the
heavy rain produced mud,
making it impossible to use
tanks or similar modes of
transport. Additionally, the
Japanese had a series of tunnels
dug throughout the island….
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