Introduction to Trucking and Logistics
101
Clackamas Community
College 1

This product was funded by a grant awarded under the
President's High Growth Job Training Initiative, as implemented by the U.S. Department of Labor's
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Clackamas Community
College 2

1.
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5.
Describe the knowledge and skills necessary to operate a commercial vehicle safely.
Understands the logistics industry.
Describe the tasks and duties required of an entry-level trucker and warehouse worker.
Show the range of skill mastery required by an individual driver.
Understands warehouse and loading dock safety.
Clackamas Community
College 3

4.
5.
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8.
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2.
3.
Welcome and Introductions
Trucking and Logistics Industry Overview
Career Pathway
Federal and CDL Requirements
Warehouse and Vehicle Safety
Control Systems Management
Vehicle Inspections
Day Review and Wrap-up
Clackamas Community
College 4

Welcome Back
Shifting Execution
Backing and Docking
Steering
Coupling and Uncoupling
Visual Search
Vehicle Communication
Day Review and Wrap-up
Clackamas Community
College 5

Welcome Back
Speed and Space Management
Night Operations
Extreme Driving Conditions
Hazardous Materials
Day Review and Wrap-up
Clackamas Community
College 6

Welcome Back
Emergency Maneuvers
Railroad Crossings
Vehicle Checks and Maintenance
Diagnosing and Reporting Malfunctions
Handling, Adjusting and Documenting Cargo and Manifests
Map Reading
Fuel Management
Day Review and Wrap-up
Clackamas Community
College 7

Welcome Back
Hours of Service, Daily Log and Logbook Recap
Inventory and Stocking Process
Accident Safety and Management
Road Life
Trip Planning
Driving Behavior
Body Mechanics
Final Review and Exam
Clackamas Community
College 8

Who are you and how long have you been with the company?
Why do you want to be in the transportation and logistics industry?
What do the brochures and documents tell you about the need for professionals in the transportation and logistics field?
What is your current level of experience?
What do you want from the session?
What will you contribute to the learning process? (Examples include humor, stories, experiences, etc.).
Clackamas Community
College 9

History of the Trucking and Logistics
Industry
Jobs in the Trucking and Logistics
Industry
Advances in the Trucking and Logistics
Industry
Your future in the Trucking and Logistics
Industry
Clackamas Community
College 10

Over-the-road drivers (both long and short-haul)
Pick-up and delivery (PUD) drivers
Dispatchers
Warehouse staff
Sales and operations
Safety inspectors and directors
Office and clerical workers
Owner-operators
Clackamas Community
College 11

Moving
Food Service
Clackamas Community
College 12

Lane Departure Warning
Systems
UQM hybrid electric propulsion systems
Hybrid vehicles with regenerating brakes
High pressure fuel rail injection
Advanced combustion solutions
Fuel cells (auxiliary power)
Replacement of diesel fuel options
Aerodynamic drag concepts
Reducing auxiliary loads
Lightweight material
Software technology
Clackamas Community
College 13

According to the American Trucking
Association's report, US Truck Driver
Shortage: Analysis and Forecasts , the long-haul segment of the trucking industry has a national shortage of 20,000 drivers. It predicts the shortage will increase to 111,000 by the year 2014 given the current demographic trends.
Clackamas Community
College 14

Review the Career Pathway Document
Identify areas for future growth and development
Document in your participant workbook
Clackamas Community
College 15

Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR of
26,001 pounds or more)
A trailer with GVWR of more than 10,000 pounds if the gross combination weight rating (GCWR) is 26,0001 pounds or more
A vehicle designed to transport 16 or more passengers (including the driver)
Any size vehicle that is used in the transportation of any material that requires hazardous materials placards or any quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42 CFR 73
A public mass transit or transportation district vehicle, regardless of size, when used to carry passengers for hire, with the exception of taxi drivers
Any motor home or recreational vehicle that meets the definition above and is used for business purposes
Clackamas Community
College 16

Clackamas Community
College 17

Must be 18 years of age to drive within Oregon or at least 21 years old if driving commercial vehicles in interstate commerce
Must provide evidence of your name, age and identify
Must provide your social security number and one other document to prove your identity
Must present a valid medical certificate and medical waiver (if needed) at the time of issuance and before taking a commercial drive test
If applying for a Haz Mat endorsement, the Federal Transportation
Security Administration rules require person to undergo a security background check that includes submission of fingerprints for FBI review
Must be able to speak, read and write English well enough to understand traffic signs and signals in English, to respond to officials and to complete reports and records
Clackamas Community
College 18

Age
Physical
Condition
Vision
Hearing
Education
Safety
Substance
Abuse
Driving Record
Licensing
Clackamas Community
College 19

School Bus
Passenger
Tank Vehicles
Double/Triple
Hazardous
Material
Clackamas Community
College 20

Applicability
Training requirements
Driver qualification requirements
Hours of service
Driver wellness
Whistleblower protection
Clackamas Community
College 21

Warehouse Vehicle Safety
Clackamas Community
College 22

Clackamas Community
College 23

Engine
Unit Temperature
Lights
Steering Wheel
Fuel
Brake
Control
Clackamas Community
College 24

Chassis
Body and Cab
Wheels and
Tires
Under the Hood
Steering
Interior
Brakes
Emergency
Equipment
Clackamas Community
College 25

Clackamas Community
College 26

Apply the parking brakes.
Clutch pedal must be depressed to relieve starting motor of transmission drag.
The “switch key” must always be turned “on” before starting the engine.
Electrical starting motors must not be operated continuously for more than ten seconds at a time.
When the engine starts up, driver must hold engine speed below one thousand RPM until engine warms up (usually about three minutes).
As soon as the engine has started, the driver should now check all gauges on the dash to ascertain if sufficient oil pressure is showing.
Make sure that all dash lights and safety warning buzzers are in full operation.
With a manual transmission vehicle, partly engage the clutch before you take your right foot off the brake.
Put on the parking brake whenever necessary to keep from rolling back.
Release the parking brake when you have applied enough engine power to keep from rolling back.
Speed up smoothly and gradually so the vehicle does not jerk.
When shutting down the engine, depress the clutch and move the gearshift to neutral. Cool the engine down by letting it idle for a few minutes.
Turn the engine off.
Clackamas Community
College 27

The essential parts of a heavy truck transmission include:
Multiple countershafts
Compound transmissions
Auxiliary transmissions
Ranges
Splitters
Clackamas Community
College 28

Antilock Braking systems (ABS) is a computerized system that keeps your wheels from locking up during hard brake applications
Use the braking force necessary to stop safely and stay in control
Brake the same way
Drive so you never need to use your ABS
The device will not allow you to drive faster, follow more closely or drive less carefully
The device will not compensate for bad brakes or poor brake maintenance
Clackamas Community
College 29

A driver can turn the engine brake on and off and select a level of braking.
Additional controls are activated by the position of the clutch pedal and position of the throttle.
Allow the engine to reach full operating temperature before switching on the engine brake.
When your foot is off the clutch and you remove your foot completely from the throttle, the engine brake is automatically activated.
When you apply pressure to the throttle, the Jacobs Engine Brake is deactivated.
Turn off the engine brake dashboard switch.
Use the lowest possible gear without exceeding the recommended engine speed for engine braking.
Do not use the Jacobs Engine Brake when bobtailing or pulling an empty trailer on wet or slippery pavement.
Clackamas Community
College 30

Pre-trip
En-route
Post-trip
Official roadside inspection
Clackamas Community
College 31

Vehicle Overview
Engine Compartment
Inside the Cab
Lights
Walk-around
Brakes
Clackamas Community
College 32

Keep an eye on your gauges for signs of trouble (air, engine, pressure, ammeter, voltmeter)
Use your senses to check for problems (look, listen, smell and feel)
Check certain items when you stop; tires, wheels and rims, brakes, lights and reflectors, brakes and electrical connections to the trailer, trailer coupling devices and cargo securement devices
After you have driven for 3 hours or 150 miles, stock and re-check the cargo and securing devices
Re-check after every break you take during your trip
Clackamas Community
College 33

Tires
Wheels and Rims
Brakes, Drums, shoes
Steering System
Suspension
Exhaust System
Emergency Equipment
Lighting Devices and Reflectors
Clackamas Community
College 34

The Critical Items that will be inspected during this time could include:
Brakes
Tires and wheels
Drawbars
Steering
Fifth wheel
Suspension
Clackamas Community
College 35

DVIR’s are to be completed at the start and end of every day
DVIR’s can typically be found between passenger and driver seat
The DVIR should be signed off by last driver and current driver indicating whether the vehicle is safe to drive after completing your pre-trip inspection
Document defects/damage on DVIR and obtain witness verification from on-duty mechanic or other company employee
If vehicle defect has not been repaired by a mechanic and is unsafe to drive, see mechanic on duty
Clackamas Community
College 36

Basic Method for Shifting Up
Using Engine Speed (rpm) to Shift Up
Use Road Speed (mph) to shift Up
Basic Procedures for Shifting Down
Clackamas Community
College 37

Common Causes of Backing Accidents:
Backing unnecessarily
Blind areas
Vehicle design
Infrequent backing practice
Inadequate mental preparation for backing
Inadequate information during backing
Not checking the area being backed into before beginning the backing process
Not using your mirrors
Not keeping your right foot poised over the brake pedals
Clackamas Community
College 38

A pproach
S et-up
C ompletion
Clackamas Community
College 39

Jacking and Docking
Pre-Positioning for a Straight Back
Pre-Positioning on the Clear Side
Pre-Positioning on the Blind Side
Docking
Parallel Parking
Clackamas Community
College 40

Clackamas Community
College
41

Toe In Toe Out
Camber (proper and improper)
Caster
Turning Radius
Set-Back Front Axle
Steering Geometry
Improper Alignment
Clackamas Community
College 42

Clackamas Community
College 43

Scan ahead Position the truck properly in the lane
Watch the road surface
Don’t lock your eyes on the road in front
Scanning must include the sides and back of the road and vehicle
Position both plane and convex mirrors
Keep track of who is on the road with you
Look for vehicles coming onto the highway, into your lane or turning
Watch for brake lights form slowing vehicles
Make regular checks of your mirrors
When changing lanes, turning, merging and making tight maneuvers – do not rely solely on your mirrors, check to the sides as well
When you use your mirrors while driving on the road, check quickly, look back and forth between the mirror and the road ahead
Use a regular pattern mirror check every 5-8 seconds
Check instrument panel frequently
Recognize and adjust for blind spots and no-see zones
Make sure you are behind the other vehicle at least 6-8 seconds
Avoid diverting attention from the path ahead
Clackamas Community
College 44

Signaling
Changing lanes
Intent to slow, turn or stop
Using flashers – both brakes and headlights
Misuse of horn
Paying attention to others around you
Reactions
Clackamas Community
College 45

Stopping Distance
Road Surface
Shape of the Road
Speed
Visibility
Flow of Traffic
Space Behind and Beside
You
Space Above and Below the Truck
Space Ahead
Space for Traffic
Gaps
Giving Space to
Others
Right of Way
Passing
Being Passed
Meeting Other
Vehicle
Clackamas Community
College 46

The heavier the vehicle, the more work the brakes must do to stop and the more heat they absorb. The brakes, tires, springs and shock absorbers are designed to work best when the vehicle is fully loaded. When your truck is empty, you will need more stopping distance due to less traction.
Clackamas Community
College 47

Clackamas Community
College 48

Grade
A small grade may be only a 4% grade.
This means there is a 4-foot change in altitude for every 100 feet of roadway. A
4% grade in a thousand feet would mean a 40-foot increase or decrease in altitude.
Clackamas Community
College 49

If you do not downshift on an upgrade, you will lug the engine and eventually stall
Downshifting on an upgrade is different from downshifting on level ground
On a grade, the truck will slow down much more quickly
Shift fast
Your double-clutch technique must be very accurate
If you do “miss a gear,” your only choice may be to bring the truck to a stop, shift into first and continue up the hill
You probably will not be able to upshift many gears so your trip up the hill will be a slow one
Traffic, poor driving habits and wear and tear on the rig can impact your uphill operation efficiency
To reduce wear and tear on your rig watch the temperature of the engine, transmission and differential
Clackamas Community
College 50

Reduce and control your speed before you start descending down a hill
Avoid making any sudden moves on the road. If your back box starts to slide, DO NOT BREAK!
Be careful not to downshift too far or not far enough
Pull off before descending and check the brakes
Use one gear down from what you used to climb the hill
Be in the right gear before you start heading down
Check the slack adjusters and look for any other loose or broken parts
Do not change gears on a downhill run
Turn on the auxiliary brake
With the engine retarder on, you will probably not need the service brakes
Service brakes should only be used when either the engine rpm or the truck speed exceeds safe limits
Do not fan or pump the brakes
Overheating the brakes can also cause the brake drums to get red hot and crack, brake linings to burn up, wheel grease seals to get hot and leak grease
Clackamas Community
College 51

Turn on your lights and flashers
Blow the air horn
Look for runaway ramp signs
As you enter the ramp, shift your rig into neutral
Hold the steering wheel firmly
When you stop, shut off the engine and turn off the lights
Climb out and take the fire extinguisher
Clackamas Community
College 52

Clackamas Community
College 53

Clackamas Community
College 54

Explosives
Compressed Gas
Cylinders
Flammable Solids
Oxidizing Substances
Poisons
Radioactive Materials
Corrosives
Miscellaneous
Hazardous Materials
ORM-D (other regulated material –
Domestic)
Combustible Liquids
Clackamas Community
College 55

Clackamas Community
College 56

Tire Inspection
Parking
Routing
Railroad Crossing
Fire
Clackamas Community
College 57

Clackamas Community
College 58

Passive crossings do not have any type of traffic control device. They require the driver to recognize the crossing, search for any train using the tracks and decide if there is sufficient clear space to cross safely. They will have yellow circular advance warning signs, pavement markings and crossbucks to assist you.
Active crossings have a traffic control device installed at the crossing to regulate traffic.
These include flashing red lights, with or without bells and gates.
Clackamas Community
College 59

Crossbuck Signs
Advance Warning Signs
Flashing Light Signal
Standard Bell
Standard Gates
Long Arm Gate
Four Quadrant Gates
Barrier Gates
Median Barriers
Wayside Horns
Exempt Signs
Yield Signs
Do Not Stop on Track
Signs
Stop Sign
Tracks Out of Service
Sign
Parallel Track Sign
Low Ground Clearance
Sign
Number Sign
Pavement Markings
Clackamas Community
College 60

Clackamas Community
College 61

Braking system
Steering system
Coupling devices
Tires and wheels
Suspension system (clutch and engine areas)
Clackamas Community
College 62

Winterizing
Check antifreeze level
Make sure heaters and defrosters work
Check windshield washer antifreeze
Make sure truck is clean
Summerizing
Double check the engine oil supply,
Check antifreeze level,
Double check the condition and tightness of the water pump and fan belts,
Double check the condition of the coolant hoses,
Check tire pressure
Make sure truck is clean
Clackamas Community
College 63

Completing DVIR’s Check List
DVIR’s are to be completed at the start and end of every day.
DVIR’s can typically be found between passenger and driver seat.
The DVIR should be signed off by last driver and current driver indicating whether the vehicle is safe to drive after completing your pre-trip inspection.
If vehicle defect has not been repaired by a mechanic and is unsafe to drive, see mechanic on duty.
Clackamas Community
College 64

Bills of Lading
Freights Bills
Waybills
Manifest
Pro Bills
Delivery Receipts
Trip Reports
Clackamas Community
College 65

Steps for loading a Liquid Tanker
Turn off your engine before loading or unloading any flammable liquid
Never load liquid tankers completely full because liquids need room to expand when warm (this is called outage and your dispatcher will let you know how much you need)
Fill a liquid tanker only partially full of heavy liquids
Inspect the hoses and valves for leaks
Check the temperature and pressure gauges for normal readings
Clackamas Community
College 66

Gross Weight and
Gross Combination
Weight
Axle Weight
Tire Load
Suspension Systems
Coupling Device
Capacity
Clackamas Community
College 67

Blocking and Bracing
Cargo Tiedown
Header Boards
Covering Cargo
Sealed and Containerized Loads
Clackamas Community
College 68

U.S. Highways
Interstates
Under Construction
Tollways
Tourist Areas
Ferries
Port of Entries
Weigh Stations
Time Zones
Highway Mileage
Map Scale
Route
Clackamas Community
College 69

Friction – the rubbing of one surface against the other. There is friction between your truck tiers and the road. This is called rolling resistance or traction.
There is also friction between the truck and the air; this is called air resistance or drag.
Gravity – helps hold your vehicle on the road but too much gravity slows down your vehicle and even keeps it from moving. Gross vehicle weight affects the influence of gravity on a truck.
Inertia – is the tendency of an object that is in motion to stay in motion (and to stay still if it is already still).
You must overcome inertia to get the truck to stop or move.
Clackamas Community
College 70

Keeping Speed Down
Progressive Shifting
Skip Shifting
Trip Planning
Road Management
Idling and Shutting Down the Engine
Proper Maintenance and Optional Equipment
Aerodynamic Design
Clackamas Community
College 71

Off Duty – “OFF” – your own time
Sleeper Berth – “SB” – and only in this area
Driving – “D” – at the wheel while in operation
On Duty – “On” – not driving time, inspections, waiting for dispatch, time spent loading and unloading, co-driving, working for someone else
Clackamas Community
College 72

Know where to find them
Write legibly
Include key information (name of driver, month, day and year of beginning of 24 hour period, carrier’s vehicle number, number of miles you drove that day, legal signature, name and main office address of carrier, name of co-driver if there was one, number of hours in each duty status, total hours (adding to 24), any sipping document numbers or names of shippers)
Update your logbook each time you change your duty status (you need to record the name of the city, town or village with the state abbreviated and where the change took place)
Always use the local time from your base location
Time must total 24 hours each day
Keep track of your time to the closest quarter of an hour
Clackamas Community
College 73

= total hours on-duty the last seven days
= how many hours you can work tomorrow
= How many hours you have worked in the last eight days
Clackamas Community
College 74

Inventory Process Stocking Process
Clackamas Community
College 75

Intersections
Backing
Front-End collisions vehicle number 1 into vehicle number 2Rearend Collisions Vehicle
Number 2 into vehicle number 1Passing Safely
Being Passed
Lane Encroachment
Blind Spot Not Valid
Excuse
Grade Crossings
Clackamas Community
College
Approach of Opposing
Vehicles
Turning Weather
Alleys, Driveways and
Plant Entrances
Fixed Objects
Private Property,
Driveways, Lawns, Etc.
Parking
Mechanical Failure
Non-Collision
76

Aim High in Steering
Get the Big Picture
Keep Your Eyes
Moving
Leave Yourself An
Out
Make Sure They See
You
Clackamas Community
College 77

Daylight Use
Nighttime Use
Reflective Triangles
Placement
Four-way Flashers
Clackamas Community
College 78

emain calm
nly talk to the proper officials
nderstand the process
ake care of the people and process
xemplify the company throughout the process
Clackamas Community
College 79

Time
Management
Managing Money
Physical Fitness
Healthy Eating
Managing Fatigue
Running Your
Life!
Clackamas Community
College 80

“You are about to go on a trip that will take you away for 2 days. It will take you 350 miles each day to get to your destination and back. The price of gas is $3.50 a gallon. Your tank holds approximately two 110 gallon tanks. Your hotel charge will cost you $70. There are two tolls on the road that will cost approximately $6 total.
Take a few minutes to price the cost of gas and how much money you will need for the trip.”
Clackamas Community
College 81

Walking briskly (about 3 ½ miles per hour)
Hiking
Gardening/yard work
Dancing
Golf (walking and carrying clubs)
Bicycling (less than 10 miles per hour)
Weight training (general light workout)
Clackamas Community
College 82

Running/jogging (5 miles per hour)
Bicycling (more than 10 miles per hour)
Swimming (freestyle laps)
Aerobics
Walking very fast (4 ½ miles per hour)
Heavy yard work, such as chopping wood
Weight lifting (vigorous effort)
Basketball (competitive)
Clackamas Community
College 83

Grains
Fruits
Vegetables
Meat and Beans
Milk
Oils and Discretionary Calories
Clackamas Community
College 84

Poor concentration
Tired or sore eyes
Restlessness
Drowsiness
Slow reactions
Boredom
Feeling irritable
Making fewer and larger steering corrections
Missing road signs
Having difficulty in staying in the lane
Micro sleeps
Clackamas Community
College 85

Review your assigned trip
Complete questions in workbook
Be prepared to discuss your rationale behind your answers
Review as a team
Clackamas Community
College 86

Intoxication
Judgment
Reflexes
Attitude
Vision
Attention
Anger
Personal issues
Physical condition
Aggressiveness
Clackamas Community
College 87

Clackamas Community
College 88

Cross Back
Elbow Touches
Cop Squat
Elbow Drops
Knee Hugs
Standing Hip
Circles
Clackamas Community
College 89

Clackamas Community
College
Assessment(s)
Feedback
Evaluations
90