ITALIANO III
Per il 11
di febbraio 2014
10 February 2014
Block III and Block IV Gruppo Unita´ 8 ha
finito
Oggi, la lezione contiene nella meta:
META
Pronomi diretti
Pronomi indiretti
Pronome Tonici
I usi di PIACERE
Piacere
Italian indirect pronoun and Italian
verb “piacere”
Italian indirect object pronoun.
All type of pronoun, a little word used instead of a noun, in Italian
take mostly the place before the verb, but with the modal or
“servili” verbs it is possible to place them also after the verb in
the infinitive e.g. Can you help me? = Puoi aiutarmi? or Mi puoi
aiutare? And also Can I speak to her? = Posso parlarle? Or Le
posso parlare?
Pronomi indiretti > The indirect pronoun ( when the Italian
verb uses “a” = “to” after):
Mi = a
me
To me
Ti = a
te
To
you
Gli = a
lui
To
him
Le = a
lei
To her
Ci = a
noi
To us
Vi = a
voi
To
you
Gli = a
loro
To
them
.
There are some typical Italian verbs that used the indirect
pronoun:
Parlare a
Scrivere a
Dire a
Telefonare a
Piacere a
Bastare a
Servire a
Esempi: Quando mi telefoni? Ti telefono domani = When will you
phone me? I’ll phone you tomorrow (Attention: In Italian we use
present tense, not future tense!) Quando telefoni a Paola? Le
telefono oggi = When will you telephone Paola? I’ll phone her
today E tu ? Quando scrivi a tuo padre? Gli scrivo subito = And
you? When will you write to your father? I’ll write to him
immediately.
Il verbo piacere
Mind: the Italian verb “Piacere” (= to like) is mostly used in the
3rd person singular or plural (= piace when is referred to a
singular noun or to a verb in infinitive; piacciono when the noun
is plural) and the person who has the feeling is expressed by a
pronoun: the indirect object pronoun E.g.
Mi
Piace + sing. noun
Mi
Piacciono + pl.
noun
Ti
Piace + sing. noun
Ti
Piacciono + pl.
noun
Gli / Le
Piace + sing. noun
Gli / Le
Piacciono + pl.
noun
Ci
Piace + sing. noun
Ci
Piacciono + pl.
noun
Vi
Piace + sing. noun
Vi
Piacciono + pl.
noun
Gli
Piace + sing. noun
Gli
Piacciono + pl.
noun
Ti ( = you singular) piace la
pasta?
Do you like pasta (singular
noun)?
Sì, mi piace molto
Yes, I like it very much
Vi (= you plural) piace la
pasta?
Do you like pasta?
Sì, ci piace molto
Yes, we like it very much
Ti ( = you singular) piacciono
gli spaghetti?
Do you like spaghetti (spaghetti
is a plural noun)?
Sì, mi piacciono
Yes, I like spaghetti
Vi (= you plural) piacciono gli
spaghetti?
Do you like spaghetti?
Sì ci piacciono
Yes, we like spaghetti
And also: Ti piace la montagna? No, non mi piace, preferisco il
mare (=the sea or the seaside). Ti piace l’opera? Sì, mi piace,
ma preferisco il balletto Ti piacciono gli orologi di Bulgari? Sì, (mi
piacciono), ma per me sono troppo costosi (= too expensive) Ti
piacciono le uova (= eggs)? No, non mi piacciono
There are other 2 important verbs that we use like
“Piacere” in the 3rd person + indirect pronoun:


The verb “servire” (= to need/ to be of use) e.g. Ti serve
nulla/qualcosa? = Is there anything you need?
The verb “ bastare” (= to be enough) e.g. Ti basta questo
vino? = It’s enough this wine for you?
look out for

The verb “mancare” (=to miss/to lack) e.g. Mi manchi! = I
miss you! but Mi manca il coraggio = I lack courage
Italian disjunctive or "stressed"
pronouns: i pronomi tonici
we learned the direct and indirect object
pronouns - mi, ti, lo, la, gli, le, etc. Unlike
English, Italian has another version of these
which you use after a preposition or
verb, often for greater emphasis (hence the
name "stressed pronouns"). First we'll learn
what these pronouns are, then we'll see how to
use them.
Stressed Pronouns
me (me)
te (you)
Lei (you formal)
lui (him)
lei (her)
sé (yourself, himself, herself, oneself - reflexive)
noi (us)
voi (you plural)
Loro (you plural formal)
loro (them)
sé (yourselves, themselves - also reflexive)
_________________________________________
So they look like a hybrid of direct or indirect object
pronouns and subject pronouns. But take note:
although Lei, lui, lei, noi, voi and loro look like subject
pronouns, when used disjunctively they are not
subjects!
So how are they used?
1) after a preposition
Questo libro è per te. (This book is for you.)
Siamo usciti con loro. (We went out with them.)
Pensa sempre a sé. (He always thinks about himself.)
Studiano sempre da sé. (They always study by
themselves.)
A me non piace questo vino. (I don't like this wine - a more
emphatic way of saying, "Non mi piace questo vino.")
Andiamo da lui. (We're going to his place.)
2) after a verb to give the direct or indirect object greater
emphasis
Lo amo. - Amo lui. (I love him.)
Ti cercavo. - Cercavo te. (I was looking for you.)
Mi abbraccia. - Abbraccia me. (She hugs me.)
The above pairs of sentences have the same meanings,
but the second in each pair is more emphatic. For even
greater emphasis, use anche, proprio or solamente - e.g.
Cercavo proprio te. Abbraccia solamente me.
3) after a verb to distinguish between multiple objects
Riconosce me ma non lui. - He recognizes me but not
him.
Ha invitato noi e loro. - He invited us and them.
4) in comparisons
Marcello è più alto di me. (Marcello is taller than me.)
Loro sono meno paurosi di noi. (They are less fearful than
us.)
Tuo fratello non era intelligente quanto te. (Your brother
wasn't as smart as you.)
A very common Italian idiomatic expression that uses
stressed pronouns is, "Tocca a me!" - It's my turn! Of
course, you can use it with the other disjunctive pronouns
too - Tocca a te, tocca a noi, etc. So when the waiter
brings you the bill and someone asks, "Chi paga oggi?"
just say, "Eh purtroppo oggi tocca a te!" (Who's buying
today? -
L´IMPERFETTO IN ITALIANO
The imperfect Tense in Italian
Conjugating regular Italian verbs in the imperfect
tense
The imperfect tense can actually be used in a few
different ways. The examples below illustrate how it is
used to show what was happening in the past. Example, I
was reading a book when... .We will cover other uses of
the imperfect tense in class. The imperfect tense is also
relatively easy to learn. In essence all three conjugations
have very similar endings. The only difference between
the endings for each conjugation (ARE, ERE and IRE) is
the first letter the endings start with. For instance all of
the endings for ARE verbs start with "a", endings for ERE
verbs start with "e" and the endings for the IRE verbs
start with "i". This is illustrated below.
To illustrate how to conjugate these verbs, I like to use
math equations as an example but first here are the
conjugated endings for all regular verbs;
Subject
Pronoun
Verbs ending in Verbs ending in Verbs ending in
ARE
ERE
IRE
Io
Tu
Lui/Lei
Noi
Voi
Loro
avo
avi
ava
avamo
avate
avano
evo
evi
eva
evamo
evate
evano
ivo
ivi
iva
ivamo
ivate
ivano
To conjugate the regular ARE verbs
in the imperfect tense = infinitive verb – infinitive
ending = verb stem + conjugated ending = conjugated verb. Example;
Parlare (To Speak) - are = Parl + avamo (ending for we) =
Parlavamo (We were speaking)
Regular
-ARE
-ERE
-IRE
Verbs
Parlare conjugated in the imperfect tense
Io
Tu
Lui/Lei
Noi
Voi
Loro
Parlavo
Parlavi
Parlava
Parlavamo
Parlavate
Parlavano
I was speaking
You were speaking
He/She/It was speaking
We were speaking
You all were speaking
They were speaking - ALL OF you were speaking
To conjugate the regular ERE verbs in the imperfect tense = infinitive verb –
infinitive ending = verb stem + conjugated ending = conjugated verb.
Example;
Leggere (To Read) - ere = Legg + evamo (ending for we) =
Leggevamo (We were reading)
Leggere conjugated in the imperfect tense
Io
Tu
Lui/Lei
Noi
Voi
Loro
Leggevo
Leggevi
Leggeva
Leggevamo
Leggevate
Leggevano
I was reading
You were reading
He/She/It was reading
We were reading
Y'all were reading
They were reading
To conjugate the regular IRE verbs in the imperfect tense = infinitive verb –
infinitive ending = verb stem + conjugated ending = conjugated verb.
Example;
Vestire (To Dress) - ire = Vest + ivamo (ending for we) = Vestivamo
(We were dressing)
Vestire conjugated in the imperfect tense
Io
Tu
Lui/Lei
Noi
Voi
Loro
Vestivo
Vestivi
Vestiva
Vestivamo
Vestivate
Vestivano
I was dressing
You were dressing
He/She/It was dressing
We were dressing
Y'all were dressing
They were dressing
More on the Imperfect tense in Italian
Learn the second form of past tense in Italian, the imperfect form, which is used for
events that happened more than once. Includes how to conjugate regular verbs,
irregular verbs, essere and avere in the Italian imperfect form.

The imperfect form in Italian, imperfetto, is an important tense, as it is used to describe
events that happened in the past. The imperfect tense is used for three different
occasions:
1. An on-going action in the past that is interrupted by another event
Example: Mentre finivo il libro, è arrivata la mia amica. (While I was finishing the book,
my friend arrived)
2. A repeated action in the past
Example: Quando ero piccolo, andavo spesso al mare. (When I was young, I went to
the sea often)
3. Two or more events that happened simultaneously in the past
Example: Mentre lavoravo, Matteo dormiva. (While I was working, Matthew was
sleeping)
Regular Verbs
Just like the present indicative form and passato prossimo, regular verbs follow the
same conjugation based on the ending. Let's go over each of the conjugations:
-are verbs: cantare (to sing)
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(io) cantavo
(tu) cantavi
(lui,lei) cantava
(noi) cantavamo
(voi) cantavate
(loro) cantavano
-ere verbs:
vedere (to see)
(io) vedevo
(tu) vedevi
(lui, lei) vedeva
(noi) vedevamo
(voi) vedevate
(loro) vedevano
-ire verbs: sentire (to hear)
(io) sentivo
(tu) sentivi
(lui, lei) sentiva
(noi) sentivamo
(voi) sentivate
(loro) sentivano
Recall from previous lessons that Italian has two -ire verbs. However, in the imperfect
tense, the formation and endings are exactly the same.
Essere and Avere
In the imperfect, avere follows regular conjugation
with the stem er-.
Essere
(io) ero
(tu) eri
(lui, lei) era
(noi) eravamo
(voi) eravate
(loro) erano
Avere
(io) avevo
(tu) avevi
(lui, lei) aveva
(noi) avevamo
(voi) avevate
(loro) avevano
Essere is irregular
More Irregular Verbs
There are other verbs in Italian that have irregular verb formations in the imperfect
tense. While the endings are similar to other imperfect endings, the stem used is not as
easy to form (compared to regular verbs, where the stem is formed by removing -are, ere, or -ire.) Let's go over some of the most common irregular verbs in the imperfect
form:
Bere (to drink)
(io) bevevo
(tu) bevevi
(lui, lei) beveva
(noi) bevevamo
(voi) bevevate
(loro) bevevano
Dire (to say)
(io) dicevo
(tu) dicevi
(lui, lei) diceva
(noi) dicevamo
(voi) dicevate
(loro) dicevano
Fare (to do, to make)
(io) facevo
(tu) facevi
(lui, lei) faceva
(noi) facevamo
(voi) facevate
(loro) facevano
Porre (to put, to place)
(io) ponevo
(tu) ponevi
(lui, lei) poneva
(noi) ponevamo
(voi) ponevate
(loro) ponevano
Tradurre (to translate)
(io) traducevo
(tu) traducevi
(lui, lei) tranduceva
(noi) tranducevamo
(voi) tranducevate
(loro) tranducevano
Trarre (to pull, to draw)
(io) traevo
(tu) traevi
(lui, lei) traeva
(noi) traevamo
(voi) traevate
(loro) traevano
The Imperfect Tense in Italian
It’s the tense you use to describe how you and your friends used to go to
the mall every Saturday morning dressed di tutto punto (to the nines) to
impress every person who might see you.
The tense you use when you say, “Well, when I was 8, we used to…”
Or in a more practical tense, you can l’imperfetto (the imperfect) to
describe:



Weather in the past (Windy, rainy, etc.)
A specific time in the past (7 AM)
How someone was feeling or thinking (Worried, happy, sad, etc.)

An action that someone was doing while another action had been
completed or was still happening (Eating while she left)
all of the endings for -are, -ere, and -ire verbs ARE THE SAME
Endings for -ARE, -ERE, and -IRE verbs:
-VO
-VI
-VA (makes me think of va-va-voom ;])
-VAMO
-VATE
-VANO
Gli esempi (examples)
Cantare (to sing)
Cantavano
Avere (to have)
Cantavo, Cantavi, Cantava, Cantavamo, Cantavate,
Avevo, Avevi, Aveva, Avevamo, Avevate, Avevano
Divertire (to amuse, entertain) Divertivo, Divertivi, Divertiva,
Divertivamo, Divertivate, Divertivano
Gli esempi
1.) Ci abitavamo da sette anni. (chee ah/bee/ta/vah/mo da set/tay ah/knee)
– We have been living there for 7 years.
2.) Da bambina, leggevo tutti i giorni. (da bam/bee/na ledge/eh/vo two/tee
ee jor/knee) – When I was a kid, I read everyday.
3.) Ero stanca. (air/oh stahn/co) – I was tired.
4.) Mentre mangiava, Justin Bieber cantava. (men/tray mahn/ja/va Justin
Bieber can/tah/va) – While she was eating, Justin Bieber was singing.
But what about the irregular verbs!?
Essere – to be
Ero – I was
Eri – You were
Era – He/she/it was
Eravamo – We were
Eravate – You all were
Erano – They were
Fare – to do/make
Facevo – I did
Facevi – You did
Faceva – He/she/it did
Facevamo – We did
Facevate – You all did
Facevano – They did
Dire – to say/tell
Dicevo – I said
Dicevi – You said
Diceva – He/she/it said
Dicevamo – We said
Dicevate – You all said
Dicevano – They said
Bere – to drink
Bevevo – I drank
Bevevi – You drank
Beveva – He/she/it drank
Bevevamo – We drank
Bevevate – You all drank
Bevevano – They drank
5.) Il cane aveva sete. (eel ka/nay ah/vay/vah set/tay) - The dog was
thirsty.
6.) Erano le nove di mattina. (air/ah/no lay no/vay dee mah/teen/ah) - It
was nine in the morning.
7.) Iera sera, nevicava! (ee/air/ee sare/ah nev/ee/ka/va) - Last night, it
snowed!
Some phrases you’ll hear with this tense
There are some phrases that you’ll hear always preceding the imperfect. In
order to get used to using and hearing the imperfect,
Ogni tanto (own/yee tah/n/toe) – Once in a while




Sempre (sem/pray) – Always
Tutti i giorni (two/tee ee jor/knee) – Every day
Continuamente (cone/teen/you/ah/men/tay) – Continuously
Mentre (men/tray) – While
Repaso
clima
CHE TEMPO FA?
air
l'aria
barometer
il barometro
blizzard
la tormenta
climate
il clima
cloud
la nuvola
cloudburst
il temporale
cloudy
nuvoloso
dew
la rugiada
dusk
il crepuscolo
fog
la nebbia
frost
il gelo
hail
la grandine
ice
il ghiaccio
lightning
il lampo
mist
la foschia
moon
la luna
northeast wind
la tramontana
precipitation
la precipitazione
rain (noun)
la pioggia
rain (verb)
piovere
snow
la neve
southwest wind
il vento australe
storm
la tempesta
sun
il sole
weather report il bollettino meteorologico

Months in Italian
January - Gennaio
February - Febbraio
March - Marzo
April - Aprile
May - Maggio
June - Giugno
July - Luglio
August - Agosto
September Settembre
October - Ottobre
November - Novembre
December – Dicembre
Weather Phrases in Italian
What's the weather like today? - Che tempo fa oggi?
It's nice - Fa bello / Fa bel tempo
It's bad - Fa brutto tempo
It's sunny - C'è sole / Fa sole
It's cold - Fa freddo
It's hot - Fa caldo
It's cool - Fa fresco
It's snowy - Nevica
It's windy - C'è il vento
It's raining - Piove
It's foggy - C'è la nebbia
It's frosty - È gelido
It's freezing Fa un freddo gelido
It's hailing - Grandina
It's cloudy - È nuvoloso
It's stormy - È burrascoso
It's lightning - Il lampo
It's humid - È umido
It's muggy - È afoso
It's thundering - Tuona
Storm - Il temporale
Changable - Variabile
Learn these Italian words and phrases and enjoy being
able to understand a weather report or a discussion about
the seasons and weather in Italian...and perhaps even
participating in the conversation yourself!
Some simple ways to talk about weather in
ITALIANO
There are a lot of possible answers to that question. Here are the most common ones…
Fa caldo.
It's warm.
Fa freddo.
It's cold.
È ventoso.
It's windy
È burrascoso.
It's stormy.
Fa caldo.
It's hot.
È soleggiato.
It's sunny.
È sereno.
It's clear.
È nuvoloso.
It's cloudy.
È piacevole.
It's nice.
È freddissimo.
It's icy.
E' umido.
It's humid.
You can use the word “molto” (very) for all of the above
phrases to emphasize that it's not just cold or warm, but very
cold or very warm.
For example:
Fa molto freddo.
It's very cold.
Fa molto caldo.
It's very warm.
Fa caldissimo.
It's very hot.
Fa freddissimo.
It's very icy.

Le Regione Climatiche in Italia
La zona alpina comprende la catena montuosa delle Alpi dove gli
inverni sono molto freddi e le estati brevi e fresche.
Vi sono abbondanti nevicate di inverno e piogge nel periodo estivo.
Questo clima è detto clima montano freddo.
Nella Pianura Padana e sugli Appenini il clima è freddo di inverno e
caldo in estate, perchè non si sente l'effetto benefico del mare; le
precipitazioni sono abbastanza frequenti.
Si tratta di un clima temperato - continentale.
La zona costiera comprende le coste dell'Italia centrale,
meridionale e delle isole.
Le estati sono calde ma ventilate e gli inverni sono miti per effetto
del mare.
Le precipitazioni sono scarse: questo è il clima meditteraneo.
Come abbiamo visto il clima può variare anche all' interno di una
stessa regione.
Ad esempio intorno a un grande lago il clima è mite perchè il lago
ha un effetto simile ha quello del mare.
In montagna invece il versante rivolto a sud è riscaldato dal sole
per molte ore al giorno, mentre quello rivolto a nord è più freddo
perchè quasi sempre in ombra.
Oltre alle tre grandi zone climatiche, esistono perciò in Italia tanti
micro climi cioè climi di piccole zone.
TABELLA RIASSUNTIVA DELLE REGIONI CLIMATICHE
See grammatica below
Il Futuro
First-Conjugation Verbs
The future tense (futuro semplice) of first-conjugation
regular (-are) verbs is formed first by changing the
infinitive ending -are into -er to obtain the root for the
future tense. The following future endings are then added
to the root: -ò, -ai, -à, -emo, -ete, -anno. (The following
table includes a sample conjugation of the verb cantare.)
FUTURE TENSE CONJUGATION OF CANTARE
PERSON
SINGULAR
PLURAL
I
(io) canterò
(noi) canteremo
II
tu canterai
(voi) canterete
III
(lui, lei, Lei) canterà
(loro, Loro) canteranno
Second- and Third-Conjugation Verbs
The future tense of regular second- and third-conjugation
(-ere and -ire) verbs is formed by simply dropping the
final -e of the infinitive to obtain the stem and adding to
the stem the following future endings: -ò, -ai, -à, -emo, ete, -anno (the same endings, in fact, as those added to
the first-conjugation group). For a sample conjugation,
see the table below, which conjugates the verbs credere
and partire.
FUTURE TENSE CONJUGATIONS OF CREDERE AND
PARTIRE
PERSON
SINGULAR
PLURAL
I
(io) crederò, partirò
(noi) crederemo,
partiremo
II
(tu) crederai, partirai (voi) crederete, partirete
III
(lui, lei, Lei) crederà, (loro, Loro) crederanno,
partirà
partiranno
Future Tense of Irregular Verbs
In the future tense, the verbs dare, stare, and fare
simply drop the final -e of their infinitives and form the
stems dar-, star- and far-, respectively; the stem of
essere is sar-. These stems are then combined with the
regular future-tense endings.
The verbs listed below also have an irregularly shortened
stem in the future tense (usually, because the vowel a or
e is dropped from the infinitive).
IRREGULAR FUTURE TENSE STEMS
INFINITIVE
FUTURE STEM
andare
andr-
avere
avr-
cadere
cadr-
dovere
dovr-
potere
potr-
sapere
sapr-
vedere
vedr-
vivere
vivr-
Also be aware of the spelling of verbs with infinitives
ending in -ciare and -giare. These verbs drop the i before
adding the future endings to the root: tu comincerai, noi
viaggeremo. Also, verbs with infinitives ending in -care
and -gare add an h to the root for the future to preserve
the hard sound of the c or g of the infinitive: io cercherò,
loro pagheranno.
Though we can use the present tense to express an action that will take
place in the future — I am going to Italy next summer — the future tense is
more precise.
The Future Tense of Irregular Verbs
In the future tense, the verbs dare, stare, and fare simply drop the final -e
of their infinitives and form the stems dar-, star-, and far-, respectively;
the stem of essere is sar-. These stems are then combined with the regular
future tense endings.
There are two other irregular constructions you should be aware of: verbs
with infinitives that end in -ciare and -giare and those that end in -care
and -gare. Verbs with infinitives ending in -ciare and -giare drop the i
before adding the future endings to the root: tu comincerai, noi
viaggeremo. Verbs with infinitives ending in -care and -gare add an h to
the root for the future to preserve the hard sound of the c or g of the
infinitive: io cercherò, loro pagheranno.
The following table shows some irregular verbs in the future tense.
Table 13-2
Future Tense of Irregular Verbs Dare, Stare, Fare, and Essere
Table 13-3
Future Tense of Irregular Verbs Ending in - care, -gare, and -ciare
When the verb ends in -ciare or -giare, the -iare is dropped and the future
ending is added. When the verb ends in -iare without the -c or -g
(svegliare, for example), the i is not dropped.
L'estate prossima io andrò in Italia e vedrò i miei cugini.
Next summer I will go to Italy and I will see my cousins.
Table 13-4
Other Irregular Verbs in the Future Tense