Confined Space / Trench Awareness
Study Guide Answer Key
Prepared by Robert Bush 10/02/96
TRENCH
1. What is the % of deaths for would be rescuers in trench cave-ins?
65%
2. What is the average weight of Dirt?
AVERAGE 100 LB.. UP TO 145 LB.
3. What is the Speed of dirt?
1/10 SECOND
4. ___________ _____ are used to protect the edge of the trench and distribute weight.
GROUND PADS
5. When should AIR QUALITY be checked in a trench?
ALWAYS, BAD AIR=CONFINED SPACE
6. If a victim is located, why sould you throw him a rope?
TO HELP LOCATE VICTIM IN THE EVENT OF ANOTHER COLLAPSE
7. In order to limit access around a trench rescue, what must be set up?
HOT,WARM,COLD ZONES, CONTROL ZONES
8. Vibrations should be eliminated for how many feet?
300 FT.
9. What is the difference between Rescue Shoring and Construction shoring?
RESCUE 4X4 GRIDS, CONSTRUCTION. PER OSHA CHARTS
10. Shoring must be constructed from the _____ _____?
TOP DOWN, REMOVED FROM THE BOTTOM UP
11. What type for shoring can be put in place without having anyone enter the trench?
HYDRAULIC
12. Screw jacks can be used if they are _______ _______ for the trench to be shored.
SPECIFICALLY ENGINEERED
13. OSHA has charts for what types of lumber?
DOUGLAS FUR & MIXED OAK
14. The timber required for shoring can be bought at a local lumber supplier?
NO, REQUIRES LARGE AND HARD TO FIND TIMBERS
15. Plywood sheeting must be ______ thick or _______ “thin/finland form.
1 1/8TH” THICK OR 14 PLY
These are NOT STATE TEST Questions. These are questions from the STATE OUTLINE!!
Confined Space / Trench Awareness
Study Guide Answer Key
Prepared by Robert Bush 10/02/96
16. What is tight sheeting?
TONGUE AND GROOVED MATERIAL
17. What is close sheeting?
UPRIGHTS PLACED SIDE BY SIDE
18. Will shoring stop moving dirt?
NO, IT WILL ONLY STOP IT FROM MOVING
19. The simplest timber shoring system consists of ________ and _________.
CROSSBRACES AND UPRIGHTS
20. What are “WALERS”?.
LARGE TIMBERS THAT ALLOW CERTAIN CROSS BRACES TO BE REMOVED
21. OSHA Timber charts are for trenches up to ____ wide and ___ deep.
15FT 20FT DEEP
22. How far from the bottom of a trench can a trench box be?
2 FEET
23. Are trench boxes/shields strong enough to stop moving dirt?
YES, IF DESIGNED FOR THE SOIL RATING
24. Trench boxes must be designed for the soil type. T / F
T
25. What is the angle of repose?
ANGLE WHICH DIRT WILL NO LONGER MOVE/SLIDE
26. What are the 3 types protective systems?
SLOPING, SHIELDING, SHORING
27. How far into a trench can you go before a protection system is needed?
5 FT MAX
28. What protection method is best for a RECOVERY?
SLOPING
29. What pressurizes the cross braces to the uprights?
WEDGES, FOR TIMBER SHORING
30. What are the FOUR (4) types of shoring?
TIMBER, HYDRAULIC, SCREWJACKS, PNEUMATIC
These are NOT STATE TEST Questions. These are questions from the STATE OUTLINE!!
Confined Space / Trench Awareness
Study Guide Answer Key
Prepared by Robert Bush 10/02/96
31. What should be done to any gaps behind the uprights?
BACK FILLED
32. What is the Slope needed for class A, Class B & class C soils.
A= 1/2-1 B= 1-1 C= 1 1/2-1
33. If the AIR is not monitored or vented what must rescuers use?
S.C.B.A., SAR
34. Spoil piles must be how far from the trench lip?
2 FT
35. Escape routes must not exceed _____travel distance.
25 FT
36. If a ladder is used, it must ______________________________.
EXTEND ABOVE THE TRENCH AND BE SECURED
37. What are surface encumbrances?
UTILITY POLE, ROADWAY, THINGS IN OR EXPOSED BY A TRENCH.
38. OSHA requires trenches be analyzed for safety at least______.
DAILY OR AFTER ANY EVENT THAT MAY EFFECT STABILITY
39. What is the most common super imposed load?
SPOIL PILES
40. Wet soil is class ___.
C
41. Adjust the soil class DOWN ONE if________. (List 4)
VIBRATIONS, FISSURED, PREVIOUSLY DISTURBED, SLOPED/LAYERED
42. What is the most stable type of soil ( the best Class A)_______.
CLAY
43. What type of soil is responsible for most fatal collapses _ _ _ _?
CLAY
44. To determine the soil class OSHA requires a ______ and ______test.
VISUAL AND MANUAL
45. What is the THUMB PENETRATION TEST?
PRESSING INTO A CLUMP OF SOIL TO DETERMINE HARDNESS
46. What is the OSHA regulation covering trenches ___CFR______.
29 CFR 1926
These are NOT STATE TEST Questions. These are questions from the STATE OUTLINE!!
Confined Space / Trench Awareness
Study Guide Answer Key
Prepared by Robert Bush 10/02/96
47. A Trench’s 16 ft wide and 21ft deep must be designed by a ____ _____ ______.
REGISTER PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER
48. Back boards are suitable uprights?
NO, 1 1/8” PLYWOOD OR 14 PLY FINLAND
49. List 3 reasons why backhoes are not safe for victim rescues?
VIBRATIONS, CAN’T TELL IF THEY HIT A PERSON OR DIRT, EXCITEMENT OF THE
OPERATOR
50. What is the arch effect?
OUTWARD PRESSURE ON THE TRENCH WALL CREATED BY SHORING SYSTEMS
51. How quick can trench walls collapse?
1/10 SECOND
52. Secondary collapse usually occur when?
THE FD/RESCUERS ARRIVE
53. The most lethal hazard in trench rescues is the likelihood of ________ ________.
SECONDARY COLLAPSE
54. List 4 types of collapses.
SPOIL-IN, SHEAR IN, SIDEWALL-IN, SLOUGH-IN
Confined Space rescue
1. A Confined Space is defined as (See Handouts)
a.________________________________________________
b.________________________________________________
c.________________________________________________
2. List 4 thing that can make the space a Permit required.
a._____(See Handouts)______________________________
b.________________________________________________
c.________________________________________________
d.________________________________________________
3. What is a Hot Work Permit?
HEAT PRODUCING PROCEDURES ARE TAKING PLACE IN THE CS.
4. Where must the “permit” be posted?
These are NOT STATE TEST Questions. These are questions from the STATE OUTLINE!!
Confined Space / Trench Awareness
Study Guide Answer Key
Prepared by Robert Bush 10/02/96
AT THE CS ENTRANCE
5. How long must a “permit” be kept on file?
1 YEAR
6. If the space has Hazardous materials what must be a that the work site?
MSDS SHEET
7. OSHA __CFR_______ covers confined spaces.
29CFR1910.146
8. OSHA__CFR________ covers lockout/tag out.
29 CFR 1910.147
9. In question 7 who does this standard apply to.
GENERAL INDUSTRIES
10. What 3 industries does the standard NOT apply to?
AGRICULTURE, SHIP YARDS, CONSTRUCTION
11. Who must remain outside the space by the entrance?
AUTHORIZED ATTENDANT
12. 60% of all confined space deaths are rescuers? T /F
T
13. How long are permits issued for?
FOR THE JOB TO BE PERFORMED AND COMPLETED ONLY
14. How often is the employer required to train an entrant.
ANNUALLY
15. How should the C.S. opening be protected?
BARRICADES & SIGNS
16. What are Alternate Entry Procedures?
SEE HAND OUT. ONLY BAD AIR PRESENT,
17. In order to use alternate entry procedures what must be done and documented.
VENTILATION AND AIR MONITORING READINGS
18. If the employer has employees enter a permit required C.S. the employer must have a
written permit space program? T / F
T
These are NOT STATE TEST Questions. These are questions from the STATE OUTLINE!!
Confined Space / Trench Awareness
Study Guide Answer Key
Prepared by Robert Bush 10/02/96
19. Rescue services must make practice rescues every______.
ANNUALLY
20. Rescue services must be provided access to all permit spaces in order to make practice
rescues and preplans? T /F (TRUE)
21. Who and what are authorized entrants?
PEOPLE TRAINED TO WORK IN C.S.
22. Can a authorized attendant leave the CS entrance?
NOT UNLESS RELIEVED BY ANOTHER TRAINED PERSON
23. Who is required to summon emergency services?
AUTHORIZED ATTENDANT
24. What must be done if someone tries to enter the C.S.?
STOP THEM AND REPORT THEM TO THE ENTRY SUPERVISOR
25. What is a Entry Supervisor?
PERSON THAT OVERSEE’S THE ENTIRE C.S. OPERATION. AUTHORIZES THE ENTRY
26. What are the entry supervisors duties?
ENSURE AUTHORIZED ATTENDANT, AUTH. ENTRANTS ARE TRAINED AND ALL SAFETY
CONCERNS HAVE BEEN ADDRESSED
27. TLV is_________________.
THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE
28. TWA is ________________.
TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE
29. STEL is ___________________.
SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT
30. Define CEILING LIMIT.
EXPOSURE LEVELS WHICH CAN’T BE EXCEEDED DURING THE WORK DAY.
31. IDLH is _________________________________________________________.
IMMEDIATE DANGEROUS TO LIFE OR HEALTH
32. What four (4) gases must be check and what are their ranges?
a._O2 19.5 TO 23.5
b._LEL 10 %
c._CO 35 PPM
d._H2S 10 PPM
These are NOT STATE TEST Questions. These are questions from the STATE OUTLINE!!
Confined Space / Trench Awareness
Study Guide Answer Key
Prepared by Robert Bush 10/02/96
33. What ORDER must gases be checked?
a._O2__________________
b._LEL_________________
c._ TOXICITY ____________
34. What is the number 1 killer in a confined space?
BAD AIR, ATMOSPHERE
35. list 6 of the 10 Hazards in respect to C.S.
FALLS, TEMP, AIR, ELECTRICAL, SOUND, BIOHAZARDS,
ENGULFMENT,LIGHTINGMECHANICAL, CONFIGURATION
36. What is inerting?
DISPLACING FLAMMABLE GASES WITH NONFLAMMABLE GASES
37. What are three (3) types of isolating/controlling hazards?
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT, BLANKING/BLEEDING, BLOCKING/BLINDING
38. If you can not see ___ft in front of you then you are possible in a ______ atmosphere.
5FT, LEL
39. The maximum line length for supplier air respirators is_______
300FT.
40. What type harness must be used for C.S. entry?
CLASS 3
41. When monitoring the air. Allow _____per foot of hose.
1 SECOND
42. When must you monitor the air?
AT ALL TIMES
43. Define ventilation:___________________________________________________.
PLANNED SYSTEMATIC REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS VAPORS & GASES, TO REPLACE
WITH CLEAN FRESH AIR.
44. Define purging?____________________________________________________.
THE PROCESS OF DISPLACING TOXIC & FLAMMABLE VAPORS FROM AN ENCLOSED
SPACE.
45. How far should the ventilator be from the C.S. Opening.
5 FT
46. Before ventilating the vent tube must be purges for how long?
1 MINUTE
These are NOT STATE TEST Questions. These are questions from the STATE OUTLINE!!
Confined Space / Trench Awareness
Study Guide Answer Key
Prepared by Robert Bush 10/02/96
47. How many bends are allowed in a blower tube?
NO MORE THEN 2
48. List four (4) reasons for ventilation?
POOR NATURAL VENT. REMOVE TOXIC GASES, REDUCE LEL, REDUCE TEMP
49. What is stratification?
AIR OF DIFFERENT VAPOR DENSITIES WILL SINK OR FLOAT
50. Electronic equipment must be __________ safe.
INTRINSICALLY
51. A air monitoring alarm sounds. What must be done?
ENTRANTS TOLD TO GET OUT OF THE SPACE
52. Where should the blower tube be placed inside the C.S.?
1FT FROM TOP OR 2 FT FROM BOTTOM, 2FT FROM END WALLS
53. Where shall the retrieval line be attached the rescuer?
BACK, BETWEEN THE SHOULDER BLADES OR OVER HIS HEAD
54. Fall arrest systems are need if work is to be done at depths greater the ____ ft.
5 FT
55. Exposure logs must be maintained for ______________ or __________ .
40 YEARS or 30 YEARS AFTER EMPLOYMENT TERMINATION.
56. What are the 14 items (minimum) required on the entry permit?
SEE HAND OUT
57. If a rescue is made and the victim transported to the hospital, what must be taken with? (If
there was an exposure)
MSDS SHEETS
58. Should a blower be up or down wind.
UP WIND IN THE GOOD AIR
59. Where should you monitor outside the C.S.?
DOWN WIND AND AT THE OPENING
60. How long should you ventilate a C.S.?
CONTINUOUSLY
61. How far from an end wall should the blower tube be placed.?
5 FT
These are NOT STATE TEST Questions. These are questions from the STATE OUTLINE!!
Confined Space / Trench Awareness
Study Guide Answer Key
Prepared by Robert Bush 10/02/96
62. What are 6 components of P.P.E.?(TOTAL OF 10)
GLOVES, HELMETS, SHOES, EYE PROTECTION, HEARING PROTECTION,CLOTHING,
PASS DEVICE, LIGHTING, FALL PROTECTION, SCBA/SAR
Extra information not included in the 1st version of study guide.
1. What is the required escape bottle time capacity?
10 min
2. UEL=UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT, UFL=UPPER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT
LEL= LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT, LFL= LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT
EEL=EMERGENCY EXPOSE LIMIT, SAME AS STEL
3. How long must permits be maintained on file.
1 YEAR
4.You may see 29CFR1910.146 written as 29CFR146
5. You may see 29CFR1910.147 written as 29CFR147
These are NOT STATE TEST Questions. These are questions from the STATE OUTLINE!!