CHAPTER 9 PAST PAPER EXAM QUESTIONS
1. The learning of movement skills passes through three phases of learning
according to Fitts and Posner.
(i)
Name the THREE phases of learning.
Phase 1 …………………………………………………………………………….
Phase 2 ……………………………………………………………………………
.
Phase 3 ……………………………………………………………………….[3]
(ii)
Give THREE characteristics of the first phase of learning.
[3]
(iii)
Explain why a demonstration of the skill is important at the first stage of
learning.
.[2]
2. Operant conditioning is a process whereby, ‘Behaviour is shaped and maintained
by its consequences’ B.F.Skinner (1938)
Referring to Skinner’s statement, explain how a named motor skill is learned.
Page 1 of 8
[5]
CHAPTER 9 PAST PAPER EXAM QUESTIONS
3. Fig. 1. shows the elements of closed loop control in the learning of a motor skill.
Input data
From
display
Perceptual
mechanism
Effector
mechanism
Response
Intrinsic feedback
Extrinsic feedback
FIG. 1
Using an example of a motor skill being performed, explain each element of closed loop
control shown above.
[6]
4. Some theorists have identified Cognitive, Associative and Autonomous as three
phases in the learning of motor skills.
What characterizes the Autonomous phase and how can a performer in Physical
Education remain in this phase?
[4]
Page 2 of 8
CHAPTER 9 PAST PAPER EXAM QUESTIONS
5. Motivation is crucial if skill learning is to be effective. Define what is meant by
extrinsic and intrinsic methods of motivation and, using practical examples from
Physical Education, explain how a teacher would apply these methods. [6]
6. Motivation and arousal both affect the performance of skills in Physical
Education and sport.
What is meant by motivation?
[1]
7. Drive reduction is one method that can be used to motivate a performer in
Physical Education or sport
Use a practical example to explain Drive Reduction Theory.
[4]
Page 3 of 8
CHAPTER 9 PAST PAPER EXAM QUESTIONS
8. Use a practical example and Fig. 2 below to explain the Inverted U theory of
arousal.
Quality of performance
high
moderate
low
low
moderate
high
Arousal level
FIG 2.
[3]
9. The learning of movement skills can often be improved through the use of
guidance.
(i)
Describe mechanical guidance and give a practical example.
[2]
Page 4 of 8
CHAPTER 9 PAST PAPER EXAM QUESTIONS
8. Cognitive theories of learning related to the work of the Gestalties explain how we
learn movement skills.
(i) Describe FOUR of the key terms of cognitive theories of learning from Fig. 3 below.
Insight learning
Whole learning
Cognitive
theories
Intervening variables
Past experience
Perception
Fig. 3
[4]
Page 5 of 8
CHAPTER 9 PAST PAPER EXAM QUESTIONS
10. Give a practical example of how cognitive theories of learning can be applied to
the teaching of a skill in Physical Education or sport
[1]
11. The transfer of learning can have a positive effect on the performance of skills in
Physical Education or sport.
(i)
What is the transfer of learning in Physical Education or sport?
[1]
(ii)
Use a practical example to explain bi-lateral transfer
[2]
(iii)
How can a teacher/coach ensure that the positive transfer occurs?
[3]
Page 6 of 8
CHAPTER 9 PAST PAPER EXAM QUESTIONS
12. Practice can be massed or distributed.
What is distributed practice, when might it be used and what are the advantages of this
type of practice?
.[5]
13. In a year 9 gymnastic activity group the majority of pupils seem to have a low
level of interest and commitment to achieving quality. How might you go about
increasing the motivation of the class and why might this work?
[4].
14. One way in which we learn movement skills is via the observation of others.
Using practical examples explain how role models can affect this process and lead
to an improvement in performance.
[5].
Page 7 of 8
CHAPTER 9 PAST PAPER EXAM QUESTIONS
15. What is meant by the cognitive theory of the learning skills? Give a practical
example from your practical activity experience where the application of this
theory led to improvement.
[3].
Page 8 of 8