Molecular Genetics Revision
_____1. Which is Not a major function of the genetic material? a) store information c) catalyze chemical reactions b) replicate itself d) undergo mutations
_____2. The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of ____ in DNA. a) cytosine b) uracil c) guanine d) thymine e) ATP
_____3. In the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the "steps" of the ladder are composed of a) sugars b) 2 complementary bases c) a sugar and a phosphate molecule
_____4. Which statement is Not true about DNA replication? a) It proceeds in a 5' to 3' direction only. b) One strand of new DNA is replicated faster than the other strand at the replication fork. c) DNA can only replicate at one point on a chromosome at one time. d) It occurs more rapidly in bacteria than in eukaryotes. e) Replication can only begin at a special origin of replication.
Questions 5: refer to the chart below. mRNA Codons
AGA
GGA
AGC
GCA
CAG
_____5. glycine-serine-glycine
Which of the following DNA strands will code for the amino acid sequence shown above? a) ACTCCTTCT b) TCTCCGTCG c) CCGTCGACT d) CCTCCGTCG e) CCTTCGCCT
Amino Acids arginine glycine serine alanine glutamine
_____6. The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by a) ionic bonds b) covalent bonds c) peptide bonds d) hydrogen bonds
_____7. During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase a) separates the two nucleotide chains of a DNA molecule. b) constructs new nucleotide chains that are complementary to the chains in the original DNA molecule. c) breaks down the original DNA molecule into individual nucleotides. d) joins two DNA molecules into a single molecule.
_____8. During replication, the two strands of DNA separate at a point called a(n) a) helicase b) purines c) replication fork d) phosphate group

_____9. Each nucleotide in a DNA molecule is constructed of a) a sulfur group, a five carbon sugar molecule, and a nitrogen base. b) a phosphate group, a six carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base. c) a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a oxygen base. d) a phosphate group, a five carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base.
_____10. Process in which a protein is assembled at a ribosome a) Transcription b) Translation c) Transformation d) Replication e) Reverse transcription
_____11. Process in which RNA is produced by using a DNA template a) Transcription b) Translation c) Transformation d) Replication e) Reverse transcription
_____12. Process that is semiconservative and involves DNA and several enzymes a) Transcription b) Translation c) Transformation d) Replication e) Reverse transcription
Questions 13-17 refer to the following diagram.
_____ 13. Chemical group that, together with a sugar and a nitrogen base, makes up a nucleotide
_____ 14. A hydrogen bond
_____ 15. A 3' carbon of deoxyribose
_____ 16. A 5' carbon of deoxyribose
_____ 17. Most likely to be broken during replication
_____18. The term replication refers to DNA's ability to a) respond to X-ray photography c) attack bacteriaphages b) make copies of itself d) twist into a helix
_____19. If a change is made when DNA copies itself, a ________ results. a) clone b) death c) mutation d) base pair

_____20. A section of DNA with bases A-T-T-C-G-C will line up with bases a) T-A-A-G-G-C c) A-T-T-C-G-C b) T-A-A-G-C-G d) T-A-A-G-C-C
_____ 21. In DNA replication, a) each new single helix is composed of 50 percent protein and 50 percent DNA protein. b) each new triple helix is composed of one old DNA strand and two new DNA strands. c) each new double helix is composed of one old protein strand and one new protein strand. d) each new double helix is composed of one old DNA strand and one new DNA strand.
_____ 22. Enzyme used in the synthesis of mRNA a) DNA ligase b) DNA polymerase c) RNA polymerase d) Restriction enzyme e) Reverse transcriptase
_____ 23. Enzyme used to position nucleotides during DNA Replication a) DNA ligase b) DNA polymerase c) RNA polymerase d) Restriction enzyme e) Reverse transcriptase
_____24. Which of the following is Not one of the four bases that makes up DNA? a) adenine b) uracil c) guanine d) cytosine e) thymine
_____25. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is Not correct? a) Unwinding of the DNA molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break. b) Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it. c) The process is known as semiconservative replication because one old strand is conserved in the new molecule. d) The enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication is DNA polymerase. e) Complementary base pairs are held together with hydrogen bonds.
_____26. Because one original strand of the double stranded helix is found in each daughter cell,
the replication process is called a) proofreading b) semiconservative c) redundant d) freeing DNA e) mutation positive
_____27. Which of the following classes of RNA molecules carries the genetic information as it is needed for the construction of a protein? a) ribosomal RNA b) transfer RNA c) messenger RNA d) primary mRNA transcript
_____28. Which of the following classes of RNA molecules carries the amino acids that are added to the growing polypeptide chain? a) ribosomal RNA b) transfer RNA c) messenger RNA d) primary mRNA transcript
_____29. Prior to protein synthesis, the DNA a) attracts tRNAs with appropriate amino acids. b) must first undergo replication. c) contains anticodons that must become codons. d) serves as a template for the production of mRNA. e) adheres to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

_____30. Transcription of a part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of A-A-A-C-A-A-C-T-T results in a mRNA molecule with the complementary sequence of a) G-G-G-A-G-A-A-C-C b) U-U-U-G-U-U-G-A-A c) T-T-T-G-A-A-G-C-C d) C-C-C-A-C-C-T-C-C e) None of the above.
_____31. Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in RNA, not in DNA? a) guanine b) adenine c) thymine d) uracil e) cytosine
_____32. Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in DNA, not in RNA? a) guanine b) adenine c) thymine d) uracil e) cytosine
_____33. Which is most directly responsible for the sequence of amino acids in a protein? a) the sequence of the anticodons b) the number of codons in mRNA c) the enzyme that attaches the amino acid to tRNA d) the proteins associated with rRNA e) the sequence of codons in mRNA
_____34. During transcription, the genetic information is rewritten as a molecule of a) messenger RNA b) ribosomal RNA c) transfer RNA d) translation RNA
_____35. In a cell, the equipment for translation is located in the a) cytosol b) nucleus c) plasma membrane d) centrioles
_____36. The number of nucleotides required to specify one amino acid is called a a) genome b) codon c) radon d) intron e) exon
_____37. Codon that signal the end of a polypeptide chain are called a) silent codons b) secret codons c) stop codons d) stop introns
_____38. How many amino acids are there? a) 8 b) 9 c) 10 d) 20 e) 64
_____39. During transcription, the information in the DNA is rewritten, or transcribed, in the form of a) RNA b) proteins c) codons d) polypeptides
_____40. The RNA copy of the information from DNA is composed of a) tRNA b) mRNA c) pRNA d) rRNA