UNIVERSIDAD INTERAMERICANA DE PUERTO RICO
RECINTO DE FAJARDO
DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES Y TECNOLOGÍA
I.
TÍTULO DEL CURSO
:
ECOLOGÍA
CÓDIGO
:
BIOL 3503
CRÉDITOS
:
Tres (3) Créditos
REQUISITOS
:
BIOL 2103, BIOL 2104, QUIM 2112
TÉRMINO ACADÉMICO
: 201210
PROFESOR
: Dr. Juan Mackenzie Marín
HORAS DE OFICINA
: M -W 8:00 -10:30 AM, T-TH 10:30AM a 12:00M
TELÉFONO DE LA OFICINA
: 787-863-2390 Ext.2281 ___________
CORREO ELECTRÓNICO : juan.mackenzie@fajardo.inter.edu
II.
DESCRIPCIÓN
Estudio de los factores bióticos y abióticos que limitan la distribución y abundancia de los
organismos y su relación con los procesos evolutivos. Se estudiarán las adaptaciones de los
organismos con su ambiente y la estructura de los diferentes niveles organizacionales que
componen la biosfera desde la población hasta el bioma. Requiere 30 horas de conferencia y 45
horas de laboratorio. REQUISITOS: BIOL 2103, BIOL 2104, QUIM 2112.
I.
OBJETIVOS TERMINALES Y CAPACITANTES
A.
Discutir diferentes conceptos sobre la evolución y el rol de la ecología como
ciencia moderna.
1.
2.
B.
Explicar las transformaciones de la ecología desde una rama
descriptiva de la biología.
Señalar las diferentes teorías dela biogénesis.
Interpretar la estructura, estabilidad y función delos ecosistemas.
1.
Reconocer los factores abióticos y bióticos que limitan la distribución y
abundancia de los organismos, tales como el agua, el suelo, la
temperatura y las interrelaciones bióticas.
2.
C.
Describir las interacciones delos organismos.
1.
2.
D.
2.
2.
Utilizar diferentes técnicas estadísticas para hacer descripciones e
inferencias sobre aspectos ecológicos.
Discutir modelos ecológicos discretos y determinísticos.
Integrar la fase teórica de la ecología en la interpretación de los ecosistemas
presentes en Puerto Rico.
1.
2.
II.
Reconocer el impacto de la de zonación, efecto invernadero, y
deforestación en la estabilidad de la ecosfera.
Describir el impacto de la actividad humana como la agricultura, la
minería, la industrialización, etc. en el ecosistema.
Desarrollar modelos ecológicos.
1.
G.
Reconocer los diferentes factores responsables de la biodistribución.
Interpretar la importancia del agua como factor crucial en la biosfera.
Discutir el impacto del ser humano en la ecología.
1.
F.
Clasificar los organismos de acuerdo a su nivel trófico.
Reconocer las diversas relaciones ecológicas que presentan los
organismos.
Reconocer los procesos naturales que regulan el entorno.
1.
2.
E.
Describir los mecanismos en que fluye la energía en los distintos niveles
de la exosfera.
Identificar las zonas de vida ecológica de Puerto Rico.
Describir los principales ecosistemas existentes en Puerto Rico.
CONTENIDO
A.
Visión de la ecología como una rama multidisciplinaria.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Definición de ecología y su evolución dentro de las ciencias.
Teorías de la biogénesis y la relación de la evolución con la ecología.
Niveles de organización de la ecosfera: hidrosfera, atmósfera, litosfera,
biosfera.
Fundamentos eco-estadísticos.
Modelos discretos y determinísticos para estudios ecológicos.
B.
Factores Abióticos
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
C.
Ecología Poblacional
1.
III.
IV.
El agua como componente esencial de la biosfera.
Ciclo hidrológico.
Sistemas lenticos, loticos, estuarinos y marinos tropicales.
Contaminación hidrosférica y su mitigación.
Respuestas de los organismos a la humedad, aridez y halogenia.
Principales nutrientes edáficos.
Luminosidad y fotoperiodos.
Adaptación de los organismos a los cambios de temperatura.
Propiedades de las poblaciones
a.
Natalidad, mortalidad, migración, dispersión, densidad.
b.
Crecimiento y regulación
ACTIVIDADES
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Conferencia
Laboratorio
Trabajos Individuales
Búsqueda de Información
Recursos Audiovisuales
Experiencias de Campo
G.
Proyecto Comunal
H.
Experiencia interactiva de simuladores de ambientes ecologicos
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN
A.
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN COMPONENTE PRECENCIAL
Se ofrecerán tres exámenes parciales y un examen final comprensivo. Se suministrarán
pruebas cortas los primeros seis minutos de cada sesión hasta completar cien puntos. Los
exámenes y las pruebas cortas constituyen el 50% de su nota final. Las calificaciones son
porcentuales y la curva para la distribución de las mismas es la estándar:
90-100 = A, 80-89 = Ba, 70-79 = C, 55-69 = D, menos de 55 = F
La asistencia a clases y laboratorio es compulsoria y será registrada en cada
sesión y equivale a 5% de la nota final. En caso de ausencia a un examen o laboratorio,
cada estudiante se asegurará de notificar a la profesora previo a su ausencia, ya que no se
reponen exámenes o pruebas cortas, excepto en casos extraordinarios.
Los laboratorios serán evaluados a través de ejercicios teóricos y prácticos,
discusiones, demostraciones e informes escritos individualmente. Los viajes de campo
son compulsorios y la puntuación promedio de los laboratorios constituirá un 35% de la
nota final.
El grupo será subdividido para realizar un trabajo de investigación en equipos de
tres estudiantes. Los temas a investigarse serán asignados y deberán realizar una
presentación oral además de entregar un escrito. Este informe equivale a 10% de la nota
final y no es sustituible por trabajos especiales o escritos.
B.
CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN COMPONENTE EN LINEA
1.
Dos exámenes parciales 20% C/U = 40%
2.
Examen final o portafolio equivalente que incluya proyecto de servicios
comunal = 20%
V.
3.
Laboratorio Virtual interactivo [The Eco Lab] Mastering Biology 25%
4.
Discusiones, Asignaciones 15%
RECURSOS Y MATERIALES
A.
Libro de Texto
1.
Biological Science with MasteringBiology®, 4/E Scott Freeman,
University of Washington
2.
Libro de texto requerido. Disponible en la librería local.Libro de texto
modalidad en línea
a.
http://www.masteringbiology.com/site?login=1 ,
b.
http://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/courseHome?start=1
3.
Recursos audiovisuales
Videos del CAI:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
B.
Diapositivas
1.
C.
SL 34 APA Ecología
Revistas Divulgativas (D), Revistas Técnicas (T)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
VI.
AV/VC223: Recycling Our Natural Resources
AV/VC230: Energy: A National Issue
AV/VC293: The Energy Problem
AV/VC375: ¿Qué es Ecología?
AV/VC448: The Green house effect
AC 79 ECO Ecology of terrestrial Microcommunities
Biotrópica (T)
Boletín de la Academia de Artes y Ciencias de Puerto Rico (T)
Ciencia y Desarrollo (D)
Geomundo (D)
Human Ecology (T)
Investigación y Ciencia (D)
Nature (D)
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
Bernard J. Nebel and Richard T. Wright. (2000) Environmental Science. (Seven Edition).
664pp. New Jersey. Prentice—Hall Upper Sanddle River.
Brown, Lester R. (2004) Salvar el planeta: plan B: ecología para un mundo en peligro.
Barcelona: Paidos.
Prieto Bolivar, Carlos Jaime. (2004). El agua: sus formas, efectos, abastecimientos,
usos, daños, control y conservación. (2da. Ed.) Bogotá: Ecoediciones.
Postletwait, J.H. & Hopson, J.L. (2003). Explore Life. Pacific Grove, C.A. Thomson
Learning.
Smith, B.F.y Bockarie, A.T. (2006). Ciencia Ambiental: un estudio de interrelaciones
(10 ed.). Australia: Thomson.
Wright, Richard M. (2005). Enviromental science toward a sustainable future (9th ed.).
New Jersey: Pearson.
Bilbiografia en línea actualizada al 17 de marzo de 2011, directamente asociada a lo
modalidad a Distancia
1. Cell Theory [Módulo de repaso introductorio]
a. Robert Hooke
Microscopy-UK
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artmar00/hooke1
Until the invention of the microscope, there was no way to see that living
matter is made up of small compartments, or cells. This site offers an
interesting and in-depth look at Robert Hooke's many accomplishments,
both within and beyond the field of biology.
Keywords: cells, Hooke, research, history, microscope
b. The History of the Development of the Cell Theory
http://www.nature.com/ncb/journal/v1/n1/full/ncb0599_E13.html
While we today know that all living things are made of cells, it was not
always accepted. This journal article provides a brief history of the
development of the Cell Theory, one of the foundations of Biology, including
references and links to the people involved throughout history.
Keywords: cell theory, history, Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, life, microscope
c. The Micropolitan Museum of Microscopic Art Forms
Microscopy-UK Image Gallery
http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/micropolitan/index.html
Images of freshwater and marine organisms, insects, and plants. All the
images were made with the light microscope.
Keywords: cells, microscope, organisms
d. Light Microscopy Explained
HowStuffWorks
http://science.howstuffworks.com/light-microscope.htm
Everything you ever wanted to know about how a light microscope works
and why.
Keywords: light microscopy, light, lens, focus
e. History of the Microscope
HowStuffWorks
http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscope.htm
Article provides a brief overview of the history of light microscopy, including
the contributions by Janssen, Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, and Spencer. The article
ends with a link to electron microscopes.
Keywords: focus, magnifiers, lens, light microscope
f. The Life and Times of Louis Pasteur
LabExplorer
http://www.labexplorer.com/louis_pasteur.htm
A short biography and description of Pasteur's science, with several other
related links embedded, such as to the Pasteur Institute
Keywords: cell theory, Pasteur, research, history, spontaneous generation
g. The Slow Death of Spontaneous Generation (1668–1859)
AccessExcellence, National Health Museum
http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/Spontaneous_Generation.html
Learn how the idea of spontaneous generation was challenged, even before
Pasteur's time.
Keywords: cell theory, Pasteur, history, research, spontaneous generation
h. The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Alfred Russel Wallace American Museum of Natural History
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/collections-at-the-museum/wallacecollection/index.jsp
Although Charles Darwin is most often credited with describing the theory of
evolution by natural selection, Wallace's work, published alongside Darwin's,
led him to much the same conclusions.
Keywords: Wallace, evolution, history
How Evolution Works: An Interview with Douglas Futuyma
ActionBioscience.org
http://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/futuyma.html
Douglas Futuyma is a world renowned scientist and author in the area of
evolution. In this interview he discusses evolution and natural selection.
Keywords: evolution, mechanisms, natural selection
Charles Darwin Complete Works
Darwin Online
http://darwin-online.org.uk
Find the complete text of Origin of Species online, as well as an extensive
compilation of everything Darwin wrote during his lifetime. Over 40,000
pages of searchable text and 63,000 images can be found within the site. New
content is continually being added as it becomes available.
Keywords: Darwin, evolution, Origin of Species, history
A History of Evolutionary Thought
UC-Berkeley Museum of Paleontology
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/evothought.html
Scientific thinking about evolution and change in the natural world evolved
philosophically from its early history to the present. Read about some of the
major contributions of scientists involved in evolution's early days.
Keywords: evolution, history
Domesticated Plants and Animals Illustrate Artificial Selection
Natural History Museum
http://www.nhm.org/exhibitions/dogs/evolution/selection/artificial.html
Dogs, like the mustard plant in your text, are an example of artificial
selection as a mechanism of evolution. You can even develop your own breed
of dog in the activity part of the page.
Keywords: artificial selection, cross-breeding, dogs, evolution
The Tree of Life
Carl Linnaeus , The Linnean Society
http://www.linnean.org/
Discover the history behind the Linnean society, formed in honor of Carl
Linnaeus—the father of modern taxonomy.
Keywords: Linnaeus, phylogeny, taxonomy, history
Phylogeny
UC-Berkeley Museum of Paleontology
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/historyoflife.php
Find and explore an extensive exhibit of organisms, with information on each
about its fossil record, life history and ecology, morphology, and
systematics—the field of biology that deals with the diversity of life, including
phylogenetics and taxonomy
Keywords: fossils, phylogeny, taxonomy, morphology
o. The Tree of Life
Tree of Life Web Project
http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html
Scientists all over the world work together to create a central database of
scientific information on the tree of life.
Keywords: phylogeny, taxonomy, cladistics, tree of life
p. Doing Biology
The Scientific Method
J. Stein Carter
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Courses/bio104/sci_meth.htm
The scientific method involves a sequential series of steps. This link not only
leads you through those steps, but uses both a hypothetical situation and real
examples to illustrate the points.
Keywords: hypothesis, observation, scientific method, testing.
2. Areas of Ecological Study [Módulo 1]
a. Ecology and Society
ecologyandsociety.org
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/
This journal is concerned with the relationship between society and the lifesupporting ecosystems on which human well-being ultimately depends. Search
the articles for information on all areas of ecology, including organismal,
population, community, and ecosystems ecology.
Keywords: ecology, society, sustainability
b. Environmental Issues
peopleandplanet.net
http://www.peopleandplanet.net/
This fascinating web site provides links to articles and reports on a wide variety of
environmental issues, from overpopulation and climate change to pollution and
biodiversity.
Keywords: environmental issues, ecology
c. Types of Aquatic Ecosystems
Aquatic Environments
WorldBiomes.com
http://www.worldbiomes.com/biomes_aquatic.htm
This site explores the underwater world of marine and freshwater regions. Click
on the images link to view spectacular photos of aquatic environments.
Keywords: aquatic, biome, marine, freshwater
d. Types of Terrestrial Ecosystems
Terrestrial Biomes
PhysicalGeography.net
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9k.html
This site provides an in-depth look at all of the terrestrial biomes on Earth. Scroll
to the bottom of the page for links to additional resources.
Keywords: biomes, terrestrial, ecosystems, biosphere
e. More on Biomes
University of California Museum of Paleontology
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/index.php
f.
g.
h.
i.
This excellent site provides additional resources on terrestrial biomes, as well as a
good review of freshwater and marine environments.
Keywords: biomes, ecosystems
The Role of Climate and the Consequences of Climate Change
Climate
Climate.org
http://www.climate.org
This site provides a variety of general information on the world's climate—
including topics such as air quality, ozone depletion, and climate change—as well
as specific articles on current topics related to climate. Follow the many links to
other related sites.
Keywords: climate, environment, ecosystems, nature
Climate Change
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/
This site, maintained by the EPA, offers a wealth of information on global
warming and other aspects of climate change. Check out the numerous links,
including those on U. S. climate policy and measures you can take to help reduce
greenhouse gas emissions.
Keywords: global warming, climate change
Biogeography: Why Are Organisms Found Where They Are?
Hot Topics in Biogeography
U. S. Geological Survey
http://www.usgs.gov/science/science.php?term=96
This site provides links to articles, maps, and other sources of information on a
wide variety of topics in biogeography
Keywords: biogeography, ecology
Biogeography Lab
University of California, Santa Barbara Biogeography Lab
http://www.biogeog.ucsb.edu/
Explore this site for information related to the latest research and published
articles on the topic of biogeography.
Keywords: biogeography, landscape ecology, conservation
3. Demography [Módulo 2]
a. Demography
Population Research Institute
http://athens.pop.psu.edu/allen/LinksByCat.cfm?SubjectID=6
This site provides a long list of links related to demography. Click on
"biodemography" for a list of links related to biology.
Keywords: demography, ecology, population
b. Population Growth
Nerc Centre for Population Biology
Imperial College London, Nerc Centre for Population Biology
http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/cpb
This center serves as a focal point for ecological studies aimed at tackling
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
questions in ecology, conservation, demographics, and population biology.
Keywords: population biology, research center, ecology
Population Growth and Balance
Arcytech
http://www.arcytech.org/java/population/index.html
This informative site describes current models of population growth rate and
issues of population balance important to conservation. Follow the "Mathematical
Models" link to learn more about the math involved in many of the growth
models currently used by researchers.
Keywords: population growth, ecology, mathematical models
Population Dynamics
Density-Dependent Growth and Biological Control
Midwest Institute for Biological Control
http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/cee/biocontrol/theoriesmodels/natcontrol.html
Biologists have looked to using natural biological methods to control pests and
other organisms potentially harmful to agriculture. This site describes how
concepts in population biology, such as growth models, relate to biological
control.
Keywords: density-dependent growth, biological control, ecology
How Can Population Ecology Help Endangered Species?
Stanford Center for Conservation Biology
Stanford Center for Conservation Biology
http://www.stanford.edu/group/CCB/
This site describes the research, politics, and education at Stanford University's
Center for Conservation Biology. Follow the links to learn more about the
different projects, questions asked by conservation biologists, and how such
research is applied to protecting and conserving the natural environment and
wildlife.
Keywords: conservation biology, ecology, research institute
Metapopulation Research Group
Metapopulation Research Group, University of Helsinki
http://www.helsinki.fi/science/metapop/index.htm
This Website highlights the research of scientists who are studying the biology
and conservation of the Glanville fritillary and many other species found in
fragmented or patchy habitats. Follow the links to learn about their many research
projects and diverse approaches to this field.
Keywords: metapopulation, population biology, conservation
The Endangered Species Program
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service
http://www.fws.gov/endangered/
This government Website provides a wealth of information on endangered species
and recovery programs, plus links to a variety of related sites.
Keywords: endangered species, conservation
4. Species Interactions [Módulo 3]
a. Mutualism and Commensalism
Nearctica
http://www.nearctica.com/ecology/pops/symbiote.htm
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
This site describes the differences between mutualistic and commensal
relationships. Follow the links for examples and illustrations.
Keywords: mutualism, commensalism, species interactions
Insect Mimicry
Iziko Museums of Cape Town
http://www.museums.org.za/bio/insects/insect_mimicry.htm
This site provides a good overview of mimicry in insects, with representative
examples.
Keywords: Batesian mimicry, Mullerian mimicry, insects
Community Structure
No entry for this section.
Community Dynamics
Ecological Succession
Offwell Woodland & Wildlife Trust
http://www.offwell.free-online.co.uk/successn/index.htm
This British Website gives an excellent overview of both primary and secondary
succession, along with detailed illustrations of each.
Keywords: succession, disturbance
Mount St. Helens
U.S. Department of Agriculture
http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/mtsthelens/MSH-brochure.pdf
This informative online brochure explores the successional changes occurring on
Mount St. Helens since this volcanic mountain in Washington erupted in 1980.
Keywords: Mount St. Helens, succession, disturbance
Species Richness in Ecological Communities
Species Survival Commission
World Conservation Union
http://www.iucn.org/themes/ssc/index.htm
The Species Survival Commission is a worldwide network of scientists interested
in preserving species diversity. Follow the "Red List" link to see what has been
touted as the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation
status of plants and animals.
Keywords: species diversity, conservation
5. Energy Flow and Trophic Structure [Módulo 4]
a. Lake Ecology
Water on the Web
http://waterontheweb.org/under/lakeecology/12_producers.html
This site explores a wide variety of ecological studies and theories in the field of
limnology. Follow the links to the homepage to learn about this NSF-supported
clearinghouse on the ecology of other waters on the Earth.
Keywords: limnology, energy flow, research
b. Food Webs
The Gould League
http://www.gould.edu.au/foodwebs/kids_web.htm
At this interactive site, you can construct food webs in four different types of
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
ecosystems.
Keywords: food web, carnivore, omnivore, herbivore, producer
World Resources Institute
World Resources Institute
http://www.wri.org/wrisites.cfm
This organization focuses on the state of the world's ecology and the exploitation
of nonrenewable resources. Follow links throughout the site to see how ecological
policy making and research is handled on an international level.
Keywords: ecosystem, World Institute, climate
Biogeochemical Cycles
Carbon Cycle Science
U. S. Carbon Cycle Science Program
http://www.carboncyclescience.gov/default.php
Understanding global carbon cycles is of the utmost importance to our ability to
predict future climate change. At this site you can learn about the current data on
carbon cycling and research being done to increase our understanding of the
impact of carbon cycling for our environment.
Keywords: research, carbon cycling, climate
Wetland Biogeochemical Laboratory
Wetland Biogeochemical Laboratory
http://wetlands.ifas.ufl.edu/
Sponsored in part by the Environmental Protection Association (EPA), the WBL
collects and compiles biogeochemical information on wetlands in the United
States. Follow the "Research Projects" link for an overview of biogeochemical
cycles.
Keywords: biogeochemical database, research, ecology
Human Impacts on Ecosystems
Global Warming
National Resources Defense Council
http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/default.asp
Navigate this site to learn about global warming and to view related sites. Also
explore other issues that are a result of human impact on the environment.
Keywords: global warming, ecosystem, humans, environment
Acid Rain
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/
This EPA website provides a wealth of resources on acid rain, with
comprehensive information on what it is, how it affects the environment, and
what measures are being taken to reduce it. Follow the many links to related
topics.
Keywords: acid rain, pollution, environment
6. What Is Biodiversity? [Módulo 5]
a. Biodiversity World Map
British Natural History Museum
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/worldmap/
This site discusses the current geography of biodiversity and the actions that
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
nonprofit and governmental groups are taking in order to address biodiversity
issues. Follow the link to "Biodiversity Value" to explore the types of research
needed to investigate our planet's wealth of biological life.
Keywords: biodiversity, species extinction, conservation
Meet the Scientist
Field Museum
http://www.fieldmuseum.org/biodiversity/scientist_profiles/scientist_newton3.ht
ml
Assistant Curator at the Field Museum, Alfred F. Newton, shares why and how he
studies biodiversity. Follow the links on the right to read more about biodiversity
and conservation.
Keywords: biodiversity, study, conservation
Where is Biodiversity Highest?
Biodiversity Hotspots
Center for Applied Biodiversity Science
http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/Pages/default.aspx
This Website provides a wealth of information on species richness and hotspots
around the world. Follow the many links to learn about particular areas in detail,
as well as current conservation measures and recent research.
Keywords: biodiversity, hotspots, conservation
Threats to Biodiversity
Threats to Biodiversity
Conservation International
http://investigate.conservation.org/xp/IB/basics/basics_threats.xml
This site provides basic information on biodiversity and the threats to it. Follow
the species focus link at the top to learn about threats specific to certain animals.
Keywords: biodiversity, conservation
Habitat Fragmentation
Australian Museum
http://www.austmus.gov.au/factSheets/habitat_fragmentation.htm
This fact sheet gives a good overview of habitat fragmentation and its effects on
biodiversity.
Keywords: habitat fragmentation, biodiversity
Preserving Biodiversity
Environmental Leadership in Business
The Center for Environmental Leadership in Business
http://www.celb.org/xp/CELB
Companies with both local and global presence have an opportunity to shift the
impact of their activities from environmental harm to ecological stewardship
through the programs and strategies employed by the CELB. Explore this site to
learn how business and conservation can become more compatible.
Keywords: economics, environment, conservation
Center for Biodiversity and Conservation
American Museum of natural History
http://cbc.amnh.org/#SlideFrame_2
The site describes the research, education, and outreach efforts of the Center for
Biodiversity and Conservation, dedicated to the study of species diversity in
threatened ecosystems and to the implementation of effective conservation
measures and public policy.
Keywords: biodiversity, conservation
NOTAS ESPECIALES
Servicios Auxiliares o Necesidades Especiales
Todo estudiante que requiera servicios auxiliares o asistencia especial deberá solicitar
los mismos al inicio del curso o tan pronto como adquiera conocimiento de que los
necesita, a través del registro correspondiente en el Decanato de Estudiantes.
Por ejemplo:
Todo estudiante que requiere servicios auxiliares o asistencia especial, deberá solicitar
los mismos al inicio del curso o tan pronto adquiera conocimiento de que los necesita,
a través del registro correspondiente en la Oficina del Coordinador de Servicios a los
Estudiantes con Impedimentos, ubicada en el Decano de Estudiantes.
Honradez, fraude y plagio (Reglamento General del Estudiante, Capítulo V)
La falta de honradez, fraude, plagio y cualquier otro comportamiento inadecuado con
relación a la labor académica constituyen infracciones mayores sancionadas por el
Reglamento General de Estudiantes. Las infracciones mayores, según dispone el
Reglamento General de Estudiantes, pueden tener como consecuencia la suspensión
de la Universidad por un tiempo definido mayor de un año o la expulsión permanente
de la Universidad, entre otras sanciones.