11-12-06, Microprocessors Lab Manual, LAB 9, More Applications on 586 Engine
9: More Applications on 586 Engines
1. Introduction
The objectives of this lab are:A- To learn how to interface the 586 engine with an AD_557 8 bits Digital to analog
converter.
B- To enable the student to conduct a code converters using a 7483 and 7485 chips with the
586 engine board.
2. Theory
The AD557 DACPORT® is a complete voltage-output 8-bit digital-to-analog converter,
including output amplifier, full microprocessor interface and precision voltage reference on a
Single monolithic chip. No external components or trims are required to interface, with full
accuracy, an 8-bit data bus to an analog system.
The low cost and versatility of the AD557 DACPORT are the result of continued development in
monolithic bipolar technologies. The complete microprocessor interface and control logic is
Implemented with integrated injection logic (I2L), the internal precision voltage
reference is the patented low-voltage band-gap circuit which permits full-accuracy performance on
a single 5 V power supply and it gives from 0-2.55 Volt. Thin-film silicon-chromium resistors
provide the stability required for guaranteed monotonic operation over the entire operating
temperature range, while laser-wafer trimming of these thin-film resistors permits absolute
calibration at the factory to within 2.5 LSB; thus, no user-trims for gain or offset are required. A
new circuit design provides voltage settling to 1/2 LSB for a full-scale step in 800 ns. The AD557
is available in two package configurations. The AD557JN is packaged in a 16-lead plastic, 0.3"wide DIP. For surface mount applications, the AD557JP is packaged in a 20-lead JEDEC-standard
PLCC. Both versions are specified over the operating temperature range of 0C to 70C.
The AD557 consists of four major functional blocks fabricated on a single monolithic chip (see the
appendix). The main D/A converter section uses eight equally weighted laser-trimmed current
sources switched into a silicon-chromium thin-film R/2R resistor ladder network to give a direct but
un buffered 0 mV to 400 mV output range. The transistors that form the DAC switches are
PNPs; this allows direct positive-voltage logic interface and a zero-based output range.
Also in this experiment, two important MSI circuits will be used to implement some useful
operations: 4-bit adder (7483A) and 4-bit comparator (7485). TTL 4-bit active high comparator,
used to compare two inputs (A, and B) and indicate whatever A>B, A<B, A=B in the output part, if
A (a3a2a1a0) is greater than B (b3b2b1b0) then the pin A>B gives High, and so on.
The two chips are used in the Lab. to construct a Binary (Hex) to BCD code converter. A 4-bit
binary number between 0000 and 1001 (decimal 9) is the same as the BCD number. If a zero is
added to these numbers, no change would occur in the result. Binary numbers from 1010 (ten) to
1111 (fifteen) can be converted to BCD by adding 0110 (six) to them. Here is a simple table
illustrating the idea:
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Table9.1: Code Conversion from Binary to BCD
Comparator A>B
Output
0
1
Adder Input
Comment
B4
0
0
B3
0
1
B2
0
1
B1
0
0
Input <10, add 0000
Input >9, add 0110
In the same manner, it could be detected hoe to convert from Binary to Excess 3. The rule is
demonstrated in the following table:
Table9.2: Conversion from Binary to Excess 3
Comparator A>B
Output
0
1
Adder Input
Comment
B4
0
1
B3
0
0
B2
1
0
B1
1
1
Input <10, add 0011
Input >9, add 1001
3. Equipment Used





EZ-586 Tutor from AMS that contains a 586 (5E) controller from Tern. (Note that
PIO 6, 7, 8, and 9 are not working).
Paradigm C/C++ Software
Oscilloscope
ETS-7000 Analogue and Digital trainer board. As shown below.
The required IC chips are AD557, 7483, 7485, 7404, 7411, 7432 and others.
4. Procedures
Part I
4.1 Conduct a free running (with out the 586 engine), DAC using the AD557, and create a table
showing a 15 readings (check the appendix before your starting the connection).
4.2 Connect your connected DAC circuit to the 586 engine; select any eight bits from I/O ports,
exclude 6, 7, 8, 9 pins. And load the following program
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#
#
#
#
include
include
include
include
<string.h>
<stdlib.h>
<dos.h>
"586.h"
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
d0
d1
d2
d3
d4
d5
d6
d7
10
11
12
14
15
16
17
18
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
d0_hi
d0_lo
d1_hi
d1_lo
d2_hi
d2_lo
d3_hi
d3_lo
d4_hi
d4_lo
d5_hi
d5_lo
d6_hi
d6_lo
d7_hi
d7_lo
pio_wr(d0,1)
pio_wr(d0,0)
pio_wr(d1,1)
pio_wr(d1,0)
pio_wr(d2,1)
pio_wr(d2,0)
pio_wr(d3,1)
pio_wr(d3,0)
pio_wr(d4,1)
pio_wr(d4,0)
pio_wr(d5,1)
pio_wr(d5,0)
pio_wr(d6,1)
pio_wr(d6,0)
pio_wr(d7,1)
pio_wr(d7,0)
void pio_setup(void);
void out_data(unsigned char);
void main(void)
{
unsigned char count=0;
sc_init();
pio_setup();
}
while (1)
{
out_data(count);
count ++;
delay_ms(1);
}
void pio_setup(void)
{
pio_init(d0,2);
pio_init(d1,2);
pio_init(d2,2);
pio_init(d3,2);
pio_init(d4,2);
pio_init(d5,2);
pio_init(d6,2);
pio_init(d7,2);
}
void out_data(unsigned char dat)
{
if(dat&0x08) d3_hi;
else d3_lo;
if(dat&0x04) d2_hi;
else d2_lo;
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}
if(dat&0x02) d1_hi;
else d1_lo;
if(dat&0x01) d0_hi;
else d0_lo;
if(dat&0x80) d4_hi;
else d4_lo;
if(dat&0x40) d5_hi;
else d5_lo;
if(dat&0x20) d6_hi;
else d6_lo;
if(dat&0x10) d7_hi;
else d7_lo;
4.3 Repeat what we did in lab 8, by developing programs to generate square, triangle, saw tooth,
and sine wave.
PART II
4.4 Free Running modes,
A- Using MultiSIM version 9.0, to conduct a free test for the 4-bit adder using 7483 with the
provided data sheet, assume that we have a counter input from 0-ff, then connect your circuit to
the 586 Engine and use the above program to perform the free test. [Practically Done: --------]
LAB6, EED, QU, AL-ANI
4-BITS FULL ADDER.
XWG1
16
0
U5
U1
O
O
O
X
X
X
12
14
3
5
A4
A3
A2
A1
11
15
2
6
B4
B3
B2
B1
7
C0
SUM_4
SUM_3
SUM_2
SUM_1
10
13
1
4
CO
2.5 V
DCD_HEX
C4 9
74HC283N_6V
31
15
T
R
Figure (9.1) a free running test for the 4-bits 7483 Full adder circuit (EWB9)
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B- Using Proteus 6, and run a free test for the 4-bit comparator using 7485 with A (1011) and B
(1111, then 0011, the 1011), then instead of using SW1 and SW2 use the 586 Engine and repeat
the comparison, after developing a simple program. [Practically Done: --------]
THUMBSWITCH-BCD
U1
SW1
10
12
13
15
9
11
14
1
2
3
4
C
5
SW2
C
4
THUMBSWITCH-BCD
A0
A1
A2
A3
B0
B1
B2
B3
A<B
A=B
A>B
QA<B
QA=B
QA>B
7
6
5
D2
D3
7485
D1
U1(A=B)
LED-RED
LED-RED
LED-RED
Figure (9.2) a free running test for the comparator 7485 circuit (Using Proteus 6)
4.5- Binary to BCD converter, Connect the Binary to BCD code converter as shown below; the
purpose of this circuit is to display the 4-bit binary number on a 7-segment or LEDs in decimal. The
idea behind this circuit is to add 6 (0110) to the number after it goes over 9 (1001 in binary) so that
the first 4-bits will start counting from zero again and a carry is to the LED. Check table 6.1 to
understand the concept, and the functionality. Don’t forget to connect sum1 till sum4 to LEDs then
to 7-segment, your I/O ports must connect to A1 till A3; a simple program must develop to perform
the task. [Practically done: --------], see fig (9.3)
4.6- Binary to Excess 3 converter, Construct the following circuit that converts from binary to
Excess 3 codes. I/O ports must connect to A1 till A3; the table shown in the theory explains the
concept of converting a 4-bit unsigned binary number to Excess 3 system. [Practically done: --------],
see fig (9.4)
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Figure 9.3: Binary to BCD converter using (OrCAD 9) [ if A>B (9), then Add 6 to A, Else add 0 to A]
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Figure (9.4) Binary to Excess 3 [ if A>B (9) the Add 9 to A, Else Add 3 to A]
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4.7- Range Comparison
In this part of the experiment you are asked to connect the following circuit, and the LED will
lit only if the inputs are between a specific range, determine the range, practically then
simulate the circuit by Multisim. [Practically Done: --------]
Figure (9.5) Range comparison [Led off if 12>A>9]
5- Discussion
Conclude your experiment and commend the obtained results.
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6. Appendix
Functional Description
Measuring 3.6 x 2.3 x 0.3 inches, the 586-Engine (5E) is a C/C++ programmable microprocessor
module based on a 100/133 MHz, 32-bit CPU (ElanSC520, AMD). Features such as its low cost,
compact size, surface-mount flash, high performance floating point coprocessor, and reliability
make the 5E ideal for industrial process control and applications requiring intensive mathematical
computation. It is designed for embedded applications that require compactness and high reliability.
The 586-Engine (5E) integrates an Am586 CPU and high performance ANSI/IEEE 754 compliant
hardware floating point unit (FPU). It provides arithmetic instructions to handle various numeric
data types and formats and transcendental functions for sine, cosine, tangent, logarithms, etc, useful
for intensive computational applications.
Special Note: The core of the Am520 CPU operates at +2.5V and the I/O operation at +3.3V. Also,
the input for the I/O is +5V compatible. Stresses above these can cause permanent damage to the
SC520 CPU. Operation above these values is not recommended, and can effect device reliability.
Functional block diagram of the 586-Engine
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The 586-Engine boots up from on-board 512KB ACTF Flash, and supports up to 512KB batterybacked SRAM. No SDRAM, PCI, or DMA supported. The on-board Flash has a protected boot
loader and can be easily programmed in the field via serial link. Users can download a kernel into
the Flash for remote debugging. With the DV and ACTF Flash Kit support, user application codes
can be easily field programmed into and run out of the Flash.
A real-time clock* (RTC72423) provides information on the year, month, date, hour, minute, and
second, in addition to a 100-year calendar and 114 bytes of general purpose battery-backed RAM.
This RAM is used by the real-time clock, as well as the ACTF to store the jump address as the
pointer to the users application code.
Two industry-standard UARTs support high-speed, reliable serial communication at a rate of up to
1.152 M baud via RS-232 drivers. One synchronous serial interface (SSI) supports full-duplex bidirectional communication. An optional UART SCC2691 may be added in order to have a third
UART on-board. All three serial ports support 8-bit and 9-bit communication.
There is one programmable interval timer (PIT) providing 3 16-bit PIT timers and 3 16-bit GP
timers, and a software timer. The timers support timing or counting external events. The software
timer provides a very efficient hardware time base with microsecond resolution. In addition, there
are two supervisor chips that monitor for power failure, watchdog and system reset.
The 586-Engine provides 32 user-programmable, multifunctional I/O pins from the CPU. Most of
the PIO lines share pins with other functions. The 586E supports up to 15 external interrupts. No
repair support is available for the 388 pin BGA SC520.
A high-speed, up to 300K samples per second, 8-channel, 12-bit parallel ADC* (AD7852) can be
installed. This ADC includes sample-and-hold and precision internal reference, and has an input
range of 0-5 V. The 586-Engine also supports a 4-channel, high-speed parallel DAC* (DA7625, 02.5V).
An optional 12-bit serial ADC (P2543) has 11 channels of analog inputs with sample-and-hold and
a 5V reference that facilitate radiometric conversion, scaling, and isolation of analog circuitry from
logic and supply noise, supporting conversion up to a sample rate of approximately 10 KHz. Up to
two optional 2-channel, 12-bit serial DAC (LT1446) that provides 0-4.095V analog voltage outputs
capable of sinking or sourcing 5mA is also available. Overall the 5E can support up to 8 analog
outputs and 19 analog inputs.
1.2 Features
Dimensions: 3.6 x 2.3 x 0.3 inches
Temperature:-40°C to +80°C
133MHz, 32-bit CPU (ElanSC520, AMD), Intel 80x86 compatible
Easy to program in C/C++
Power consumption: 440 mA at 5V
Power input: +5V regulated DC, or + 9V to +12V unregulated DC with P100 expansion board
installed*
512 KB SRAM, 512 KB, 114 byte internal RAM
8-channel 300 KHz parallel 12-bit ADC (AD7852) with 0-5V analog input*
4-channel 200 KHz parallel 12-bit DAC (DA7625) with 0-2.5V analog output*
2 channels serial 12-bit DAC (LT1446), 10 KHz *
11 channels serial 12-bit ADC (P2543), 10 KHz *
high performance floating point coprocessor
Up to 1GB memory expansion via MemCard-A
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Up to 3 serial ports (2 from ElanSC520, plus one optional SCC2691 UART) support 8-bit or 9-bit
asynchronous communication *
15 external interrupts with programmable priority
32 multifunctional I/O lines from ElanSC520, 1 SSI, 7 16-bit timers
114 bytes internal battery-backed RAM. Supervisor (691) for power failure, reset and
watchdog
Real-time clock (RTC72423), lithium coin battery*
P100 I/O expansion board for regulated 5V power, RS-232/485 drivers, and TTL I/O lines
optional
Physical Description
The physical layout of the 586-Engine is shown below
Physical layout of the 586-Engine
SC520 PIOs
The SC520 supports 32 user-programmable I/O lines (PIO). Each of these pins can be used as a user
programmable input or output signal, if the interface function is not needed.
The 586-Engine PIO pins are 3.3V output and all inputs are 5V tolerant. Absolutely no voltage
greater than 5V should be applied to any pins. Over 5V voltage input can cause permanent damage.
After power-on/reset, PIO pins default to various configurations. The initialization routine,
sc_init();, provided by TERN libraries reconfigures some of these pins as needed as:
P27=/GPCS0=J2.37 for 16-bit I/O operation of on-board ADC/DAC
P31=J2.38 as input for STEP2 jumper reading
P0 as output for on-board LED control
P1=/GPBHE=J1.11 as /BHE for 16-bit data bus high byte enable signal
Other 28 PIO pins on the J2 header are free to use. PIO 2-26 and PIO 28, 29, 30 A PIO line can be
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configured to operate as a output or an input with a weak internal pull-up or pull-down resistor. A
PIO pin’s behavior, either pull-up or pull-down, is pre-determined and shown in the table below.
These configurations, as well as the processor-internal peripheral usage configurations, are listed
below in next Table.
I/O pin default configuration after power-on or reset
C function in the library 586.lib can be used to initialize and to operate PIO pins.
void pio_init(char bit, char mode);
Where bit = 0-31 and mode = 0 (for interface function), 1 (for input), or 2 (for output).
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Example: pio_init(31, 2); will set P31 as output
pio_init(1, 0); will set P1 as /GPBHE
void pio_wr(char bit, char dat);
pio_wr(31,1); set P31 pin high and the LED is off, if P31 is in output mode
pio_wr(31,0); set P31 pin low and the LED is on, if P31 is in output mode
unsigned int pio_rd(char port);
pio_rd (0); return 16-bit status of P0-P15, if corresponding pin is in input mode,
pio_rd (1); return 16-bit status of P16-P31, if corresponding pin is in input mode,
Some of the I/O lines are used by the 586-Engine system for on-board components (Table 3.2). We
suggest that you not use these lines unless you are sure that you are not interfering with the
operation of
such components (i.e., if the component is not installed).
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8. Appendix (IC Used)
This week we are having a hands-on experience hooking up chips. You will be given a
couple chips and will need to determine which logic function each chip performs.
On standard chip packages, there is a "notch" or a "cut-out" on one side of the chip; you can think
of this are being the "top" of the chip. To the left of the notch is pin 1, and counterclockwise, to
the right is pin 14. The rest of the pins are labeled as shown here. Notice they increase going down
the left side, and then continue coming up the right side (counterclockwise). Place the chip on your
breadboard straddling the middle divider.
In order to be able to use these chips, you will need to provide power, Vcc with a typical value of
5V; you should therefore set your power supply to 5V. Typical with most 74xxx series chips, you
will need to connect power to pin 14 on the chip, and connect pin 7 to ground. This is what provides
power to the chip. (For some chips that have 16 pins, connect power to pin 16 and ground to pin 8).
The chip is now ready for testing.
* Each chip we will be using contains 4 logic gates on each chip. They are all the same,
meaning for example that it has 4 OR gates on it, or 4 AND gates, or any of the other gates
you have encountered so far. Your job is to determine which logic gate that each "Mystery
Chip" has on-board.
REMEMBER: SAFETY FIRST! TURN OFF POWER BEFORE CHANGING ANYTHING
ON YOUR CIRCUIT!! CAREFULLY CHECK THE INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTIONS!!!
Here we have some chips 7486 (XOR), 7408 (AND), 7432 (OR), 7400 (NAND), and 7402 (NOR)
(see following chip symbol images). Therefore, on each chip, there are FOUR logic gates.
For example, for 7432, 1Y (pin 3) =1A (pin1)+1B (pin2), 2Y (pin6) = 2A (pin4)+2B(pin5),
3Y(pin8)= 3A (pin9)+ 3B (pin10), and 4Y(pin11) = 4A(pin12)+ 4B(pin13). "VCC" is connected to
the power supply (5V) and "GND" to the ground. Y is considered the output and A, B are the
inputs.
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*74-series IC data sheet can be found in many sites, check these for example,
http://rabbit.eng.miami.edu/info/datasheets/
http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/
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