UNIT 10
GRAMMAR
I. Causative have and get.
We use the pattern have/get + object + past participle to describe something
which is done for the subject by someone else. We can use it in all tenses. Get is
usually more informal than have.
e.g. I had the washing machine repaired yesterday. (=The washing machine was
repaired by an engineer.)
Do you get your hair done at Ebony’s? (=Is your hair done at Ebony’s?)
TENSE
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Past Simple
Past Continuous
Future Simple
Future Continuous
Present Perfect
Present Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Continuous
Infinitive
-ing form
EXAMPLE
I have my car serviced once a year.
I am having my car serviced.
I had my car serviced yesterday.
I was having my car serviced when he called.
I will have my car serviced.
I will be having my car serviced all day tomorrow.
I have just had my car serviced.
I have been having my care serviced for three hours
now.
I had already had my car serviced when he called.
I had been having my car serviced for three hours
when he called.
It’s important to have your car serviced regularly.
He objects to having his car serviced in this garage.
We can use the causative in imperatives. Here it can be the person spoken to or
someone else who will do the action.
e.g. Have/Get that mess cleaned up at once!
We can use the causative in future statements as commands or promises. Here it
can be the subject of the sentence or someone else who will do the action.
e.g. Don’t worry, I’ll have the report finished before the board meeting. (=I will
do it or I will get it done.)
1. Tanya wants to rent a flat, but it needs some work before she can move in.
She talks to the landlord and he agrees to her suggestions. Complete the
conversation using have + the verbs in brackets.
TANYA: This flat is in a good place, but there are a few problems.
LANDLORD: Oh, really? What do you mean?
TANYA: The mirror is broken.
LANDLORD: (l) (replace)
TANYA: There are marks on the carpet.
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LANDLORD: (2) (clean)
TANYA: I don't like the colour of the walls.
LANDLORD: (3) (paint)
TANYA: All the furniture is in the wrong rooms.
LANDLORD:(4) (rearrange)
TANYA: One of the chairs is broken.
LANDLORD: (5) (mend)
TANYA: Several of the cupboards are full of old clothes.
LANDLORD: (6) (empty)
TANYA: The curtains are dirty.
LANDLORD: (7) (wash)
TANYA: Then I might rent the flat.
2. Rewrite the underlined words using have something done.
1 I didn't recognise Sheila because the hairdresser's dyed her hair.
2 I've been getting a lot of annoying phone calls, so the telephone company is
going to change my number.
3 Gabrielle broke her leg six weeks ago, but she's much better now. In fact the
doctors should be taking the plaster off tomorrow.
4 Rowland has made a lot of money, so an architect's designed him a fine new
house.
5 This room gets hot when the sun shines, so I'm employing someone to fit blinds
on the windows.
6 I heard that Mrs Green didn't trust her husband, so she hired a detective to follow
him!
7 My sister had always been self-conscious about her nose, so she decided to go to
a clinic for an operation which will straighten it.
3. Rewrite the sentences using passive constructions with have or get and
omitting the words in bold type. Make the sentences negative and
interrogative.
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Some painters have painted the outside of our house.
2
A hairdresser cut Martin's hair yesterday.
3
Some plumbers are installing a new central heating system at our house
tomorrow.
4
An optician is going to examine my eyes this afternoon.
5
A surgeon altered Tom's nose last year.
6
The dry-cleaners cleaned my leather coat specially.
7
An art specialist has valued our paintings.
8
A mechanic looked at the car before Maria bought it.
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A carpenter replaced the windows in our house last year.
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A dentist is going to take out two of Julia's teeth.
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I pay a garage to service my car.
The tap keeps dripping so I must send for a plumber to see to it.
I paid a watchmaker to clean my watch.
An artist is painting her portrait.
They arranged for the police to arrest the man.
He paid a lorry driver to tow the car to a garage.
They are employing builders to build a garage.
I pay a window cleaner to clean my windows every month.
I went to an oculist and he tested my eyes for me.
The old gypsy is telling Tom’s fortune.
I asked the fishmonger to open the oysters for me.
I went to a jeweler and he pierced my ears for me.
4. Fill in the spaces by inserting the correct form of have or get:
1. I … my house painted. That’s why there’s all this mess.
2. My hair looks dreadful; I think I … it set tomorrow.
3. The attic was dark so last year we … skylight put in.
4. That dead tree is dangerous. I … it cut down tomorrow.
5. We just … central heating installed. The house is warm!
6. I don’t read Greek, so I … the documents translated. My nephew is helping
with the translation.
7. … you … the film developed or did you develop it yourself?
8. Why … he … all his shoes specially made? – He says he has to because his
feet are different sizes.
9. … you … your milk delivered or do you go to the shop for it?
10. If you hate cleaning fish why … you … them cleaned at the fishmonger’s
(negative).
11. How often … you … your brakes tested?
12. I’m afraid it’s rather draughty here but I … that broken pane replaced
tomorrow.
5. Complete the sentences with a passive construction with have or get:
1. Your ankle is very swollen. You’d better … (x-ray).
2. Your roof is leaking. You should … (repair).
3. The trousers are too long; I must … (shorten).
4. No one will be able to read your notes. – I know. I … (type).
5. That’s a good piano but you should … (tune).
6. Why don’t you … (photocopy) the document?
7. He didn’t like the colour of the curtains so he … (dye).
8. He went to a garage to … (mend) the puncture.
9. His arm was broken so he had to go to hospital to … (set).
10. The battery is all right now. I just … (recharge).
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It’s a beautiful photo. I’m going to … (enlarge).
Be careful of those knives. I just … (sharpen).
11.
12.
6. Rewrite each sentence with a causative have construction, beginning as
shown. Include the agent (the person who performed the action) if this is
important.
NB. We can also use 'have/got something done' in situations where something
bad has happened to people or their possessions. This is not something they wanted
to happen.
1 Katie's car was stolen by one of her friends.
Katie ……………………………………………………………………….
2 A photographer is going to take a photo of us.
We...................................................................................................................
3 Can you come quickly? Someone has broken into my house.
Can you come quickly? I ................................................... ………………..
4 Tracey Emin, the well-known British artist, is going to paint Laura's portrait.
Laura ................................................................................................................
5 A well-known architect designed their house.
They .................................................................................................................
6 A local tailor makes all my suits.
I .......................................................................................................................
7 Someone repaired Dave's bike at a shop in the High Street.
Dave................................................................................................................
8 A surgeon is replacing my hip next week.
I ........................................................................................................................
9 Someone broke one of Tony's fingers while he was playing cricket.
Tony.................................................................................................................
10 A local firm is going to redecorate Maria's flat.
Maria ...............................................................................................................
NB. The verbs make, have and get are causative verbs1. They are used to express
the idea that “X” causes “Y” to do something. Their meanings are similar but not
identical.
a) make gives the idea that “X” forces “Y” to do something:
e.g. Mrs. Lee made her son clean his room.
b) Have gives the idea that “X” requests “Y” to do something:
e.g. I had the plumber repair the leak.
c) Get gives the idea that “X” persuades “Y” to do something.
e.g. The students got the teacher to dismiss class early.
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Make and have as causative verbs are used with the bare infinitive.
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7. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets. Make the sentences
negative and interrogative.
1. The doctor made the patient (stay) in bed.
2. Mrs. Crane had her house (paint).
3. The teacher had the class (write) a 2000-word research paper.
4. I made my son (wash) the windows before he could go outside to play.
5. Kostas got some kids in the neighborhood (clean) out his garage.
6. I went to that bank to have a cheque (cash).
7. Tom had a bad headache yesterday, so he got his twin brother, Tim, (go) to class
for him. The teacher didn’t know the difference.
8. When Scott went shopping, he found a jacket that he really liked. After he had
the sleeves (shorten), it fit him perfectly.
9. My boss made me (redo) my report because he wasn’t satisfied with it.
10. Alice stopped at the service station to have the tank (fill).
11. I got Rosa (lend) me some money so I could go to a movie last night.
12. Mr. Fields went to a doctor to have a wart on his nose (remove).
13. I spilled some tomato sauce on my suit coat. Now I need to get my suit
(clean).
14. Peeling onions always make me (cry).
15. Tom Sawyer was supposed to paint the fence, but he didn’t want to do it. He
was a very clever boy. Somehow he got his friends (do) it for him.
16. We had a professional photographer (take) pictures of everyone who
participated in our wedding.
8. Complete the sentences with verb phrases.
1. I got my friend ….
2. Sometimes parents make their children …
3. When I was at the restaurant I had the waiter …
4. Many people take their cars to service stations to get the oil … and the tyres …
5. Teachers sometimes have their students …
6. Before I left on my trip, I had the travel agent …
7. My cousin’s jokes always make me …
8. We finally got our landlady …
9. Write a new sentence with the same meaning containing the word in
capitals. Leave out any unnecessary agents.
1 Someone broke the leg of one of the players.
2 Andy wants a doctor to alter his nose.
3 The police arrested Anna as she was leaving the shop.
4 Doctors amputated the patient's leg after the accident.
5 The shop on the corner usually repairs my shoes.
GOT
HAVE
GOT
HAD
HAVE
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6 I made sure that Tom checked all the windows before he left.
7 Jim says he'll be late because he is at the hairdresser's.
8 Have you managed to start your work yet?
9 Someone has stolen Sue's car.
GOT
GETTING
GOT
HAD
10.Complete the text with one word in each gap.
A few weeks ago, while we were out at the cinema, we (1) … our house broken
into. We'd been meaning to (2) … locks fitted on the windows, but we hadn't (3) …
the work (4) … , and so the burglars found it easy to get in. Luckily we (5) … have
many things taken. When the police arrived, they (6) … us to go through the house
and check what was missing. We were actually (7) … a new kitchen fitted at that
time, and some power tools had been stolen. One of the burglars was seen acting
suspiciously near another house a few days later, and (8) … himself arrested. When
he had (9) … his fingerprints taken at the police station, the police were able to
prove he was the one who had burgled us. Since then we (10) … had new locks
fitted and a new alarm installed. Next week we're к. bars put on the ground floor
windows, so we're hoping not to (11) … burgled again.
11.Imagine that you are getting married in a couple of weeks. Make a list of
things that have to be done. Use causative constructions (have/make
somebody do something; get somebody to do something; have something
done).
II. Determiners. (Study the Language Summary G10.2 on p. 137 in your
Student’s Book.)
1. Some vs. Any
NB. Some means 'a certain (not large) number or amount of.
Some is used mostly in affirmative sentences.
We also use some in questions when we expect people to say 'Yes'
(for example, in requests and offers).
She's got some interesting ideas.
There's some mud on the carpet. 'Could I
have some coffee?' 'Sure. And would you like some biscuits?'
We use any instead of some in negative sentences, in most questions, with if, and
with words like never, hardly, without, refuse, doubt (which have a negative kind
of meaning).
Do you know any good jokes?
If you find any mistakes, please tell me.
We got there without any difficulty.
The difference between somebody/anybody, someone/anyone, something/anything
etc is the same as the difference between some and any.
There's somebody outside.
Would you like something to drink?
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Does anybody understand this?
She didn't say anything.
1. Here are some sentences with any. Which word in each sentence gives the
'negative kind of meaning'?
Examples:
He never listens to anyone.
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We've hardly got any cat food.
The baby refuses to eat anything.
I doubt that you'll find any bread now.
There was hardly anybody in town.
You never get any sense out of her.
You seldom hear any birds here.
I left the house without any money.
2. Choose the right word. Sometimes both variants are possible.
1. I can't find (some/any) butter, but we've got (some/any) margarine.
2. Emma has got (some/any) old pictures of the house to show us.
3. I haven't got (something/anything) to wear to the party.
4. There aren't (some/any) buses on Sunday.
5. Helen brought me (some/any) beautiful roses from her garden.
6. There's (somebody/anybody) waiting for you at reception.
7. Have you got (some/ any) time free on Wednesday afternoon?
8. There's (something/anything) strange about the way Pete's acting today.
9. Nobody can find out (something/anything) about when the exams will be.
10. Is there (something/anything) we should bring to the meeting?
11. (Some/Any) of Laura's friends were at the party last night.
12. Shall I bring you (something/anything) to read while you wait?
13. I had three sets of house keys, and I can't find (some/'any) of them now.
14. Hardly (some/any) of the smaller cars have enough leg room for Jill.
15. Do you know if (some/any) of the Morrises are coming on Sunday?
16. Can I get you (some/any) coffee? I've just made (some/any).
17. She refuses to have (something/anything) to do with her family now.
18. I haven't done (some/any) revision for the exam – I know I'll fail.
19. If there's (some/any) soup left, could you put it in the fridge, please?
20. I doubt that there's (something/anything) we can do now.
21. Never trust (someone/anyone) who has a perfectly tidy desk.
22. Helen can ride a bike without (some/any) help now.
23. Has Eve got (some/any) brothers or sisters, do you know?
24. Harriet has got (some/any) beautiful jewellery, but she never wears it.
NB. Any can mean 'it doesn't matter which'.
With this meaning, any is common in affirmative sentences.
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In negative sentences, we can use just any to make this meaning clear.
Any doctor will tell you that smoking is bad for you. He gets angry with any man
who looks at his wife. Come any time you like. I don't do just any work: I choose
jobs that interest me.
Anybody, anything etc can be used in the same way. Anybody can sing if they
really want to. 'Can I have something to eat?' 'Of course, take anything you like.'
Any is not negative - it is the opposite of no or not any. Compare:
That's easy: anybody can do it. That's too hard: nobody can do it.
I'm really hungry - I'll eat anything. I'm not hungry -1 don't want anything.
3. Choose the best word or expression for each sentence.
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(Any/No) doctor can tell you if you've got flu.
(Any/No) doctor can tell you exactly how long you're going to live.
Just say (anything/nothing), so we can see if the microphone works.
If the police arrest you, say (anything/nothing) until your lawyer gets there.
What do you mean, music? I (can't hear / can hear) any music.
You can hear (any/no) kind of music you like at the Reading Festival.
Anna's very secretive: she talks to (anybody/nobody) about her problems.
Jim tells his problems to (anybody/nobody) who will listen.
4. Answer the questions using any.
1 Where can you get: a plane ticket? (e.g. any travel agent's) lead-free petrol? dog
food? stamps? running shoes? a dictionary?
2 Who can give you advice on: English pronunciation? getting a divorce? paying
your taxes? problems with your camera? milking cows?
3 Write advertisements for toothpaste, shampoo, a computer, an airline etc, using
'Don't buy/use/etc just any ..., buy/etc ...'
Example: Don't buy just any car, buy a Jaguar.
5. Complete the following sentences with some or any.
1. … people say that it is difficult to learn a foreign language. But I’ve never had
… problems.
2. Good morning. I’d like … new potatoes, please. Are there … peas yet, or is it
too early?
3. Why don’t you ask the bank to lend you … money?
4. Would you like … more wine? - I don’t want … more.
5. He never gives me … encouragement. I wish he would.
6. I made this dress myself without … help at all.
7. Were you having … trouble with your car today? I saw you trying to fix it.
8. Don’t worry. If I find … of your books, I’ll send them to you.
9. These aren’t my books. Did I take … of yours by mistake?
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10.Buying shoes is so difficult. I can’t find …that I like.
11.Could you give me … information about trains and times?
12.If you have … trouble, just give me a ring.
13.Do you mind if I put … music on?
14.Did you meet … interesting people on holiday?
15.I’ve got too many strawberries. Would you like …?
16.Have you got tickets for … concert next month?
17.I bought this video here yesterday. Shouldn’t there be … instructions with it?
18.There is little point in doing … more work now.
19.Sorry, we haven’t got … razor blades.
20.… cars parked on this road will be towed away.
2. Other(s) vs. Another.
NB Another is used with singular nouns to talk about an additional person or
thing.
Could I have another cup of coffee?
He opened another shop last month.
Other is used with plural nouns and the other with singular or plural nouns when
we speak about a limited number of objects.
I've got other things to think about.
The other man has gone.
The other European countries have beaten us.
When other is used before a plural noun, it does not have -s. When other is used
without a noun, it has -s in the plural. Compare:
Tell the other people. (NOT ... the others people.)
Tell the others.
Can you show me some other shoes?
Can you show me some others?
6. Write other or others.
1 I could see Karima and Nedjma at their desks - but where were the …?`
2 Long after all the … cars had left, Dawson's BMW was still there.
3 I'll phone all the … if you'll phone Ted and Lucy, OK?
4 I can play the Sonata in C, but not any of the…
5 Do you know any … people who might have a reason to do this?
6 This doesn't suit me. Have you got any … colours?
7 Some metals are magnetic and … aren't.
8 The police arrested Jane, Fred and two …
9 I wish that girl would play more with … children.
10 Gerald Durrell wrote a book called 'My Family and … Animals'.
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We can use another (one word) to mean 'one more'. But with uncountables and
plurals, we do not generally use other to mean 'more'. Compare:
Have another potato, (NOT ... an other potato.) Have some more meat, (NOT ...
other meat.)
We need more cups.
We can use another +few or another + a number with a plural noun.
Let's wait another few minutes. ( = ... a few more minutes.) The job will take
another ten days. ( = ... ten more days.)
7. Write expressions with another or with more.
Examples:
English - more English
book - another book
eggs - more eggs
clothes
friends
child
three pages
hour
mile
sleep
job possibilities
few days
hundred pounds
money
time
freedom
holidays
problem
twenty miles
8. Supply (the) other, another, (the) others.
1. I met two strangers on my way to work. One of them greeted me, … didn’t.
2. Some people like to have the windows open all the time. … don’t.
3. There must be … road that leads to the city center.
4. There must be … roads that lead to the city center.
5. I can’t let you have any of these plants, but you can have all … .
6. Look at the difficulty … way.
7. … 20 years will pass and your point of view will be completely different.
8. Holding the wheel with one hand, she waved with … .
9. She is cleverer than … in her class.
10.Why are you here? Where are … girls?
11.You can’t get there by car, but there are a lot of …ways of getting there.
12.John and some … boys went swimming.
13. … may laugh at her but I think she is sweet.
14.They went from one shop to … .
3. No, None, Nobody, Nothing.
NB No is a more emphatic way of saying 'not a' or 'not any'.
At the beginning of a sentence, no is almost always used.
Sorry, I've got no time.
There were no letters for you this morning.
No cigarette is completely harmless. (NOT Not any cigarette ...)
No tourists ever come to our village.
Nobody, nothing etc are used in the same way.
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Nobody loves me.
I've got absolutely nothing to say.
Before of, we use none, not no (often with a singular verb). None of his friends
likes his wife.
9. Put in no/none/nobody.
1 'Why can't I have toast for breakfast?' 'Because there's … bread.'
2 'My students expect me to know everything.''… knows everything.'
3 … newspaper tells the whole truth.
4 'What were your photos like?' 'I'm afraid … of them came out.'
5 'Do you think he's honest?''…politician is completely honest.'
6 …of the people there remembered seeing anything unusual.
7 I've got … patience with people like her.
8 There's … I can talk to in this place.
9 … of you care what I think.
10 He had money,…job and … place to live.
10.Write answers. Use no, none, nothing, and nobody.
1 'Why can't you take me to school in the car today?' Because I've got no time.
2 'Can you ask someone in your family to help you with your French?'
3 'Jeremy says his father speaks seventy-six languages.'
4 'Do we have to go out tonight? Can't we eat at home?'
5 'Do you think I could ask you for a cup of coffee?'
6 'Why don't you phone home to find out if your letter's arrived?'
7 'If you're bored, why don't you go to the cinema?'
8 'Why didn't you buy any flowers?'
9 'Why didn't you join in the conversation last night?'
10 'How many of your brothers are married?'
4. All, Every and Each.
11.Choose between all, every and each.
1. I have … book he has ever written.
2. He shouted her name twice, … time banging his fist on the table.
3. He had been taught by a mother who had taught him that … pleasure must be
paid for.
4. … trunks must be labeled before being deposited in the left-luggage office.
5. He has … right to know who you are going to marry.
6. That’s the sort of job … boys like doing.
7. … the people were cheering loudly.
8. Before he left the classroom he gave … boy a task.
9. She had something to say on … subject.
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10. … the money was spent.
11. … the family were present.
12. And I had to sit there … eye on me.
13. He has … chance to win.
14. He looked at … of us in turn.
15. Hugh had … advantage of education.
16. I’d like you to make … effort to obtain … the data we spoke about.
17. Frank’s wasn’t a bad place. The tables had yellow tops which Frank wiped
after … customer.
18. Almost … boys like sport.
19. The doctor took his gloves out and pulled one on his left hand, concentrating
on … fold in the leather.
20. The actor could make you hear … word in the last row of the gallery.
5. Both, Either (of), Neither (of).
12.Use both, either (of) or neither (of).
1. We drove along a wide road with ditches and trees on … side.
2. Ed and I were … big men.
3. He invited us …, but I knew he felt it irregular; he didn’t want … us at a family
party.
4. The first apple pie of the season was on the table and a large dish of purple
grapes. Muriel was too angry to touch …
5. I could hear them …, but saw …
6. Cords were drawn on … side of the picture gallery on days when the public
were admitted.
7. These are … very gloomy rooms. I’m afraid … will suit me.
8. … his legs were broken in the accident.
9. Which of the two newspapers would you like? – Oh, … will do, thank you.
10. What are you going to have, orange juice or Coke? - …. I’m not hungry.
11. Tell … your mother and father that I’m expecting them tonight. – I’m afraid, I
won’t see … them today.
12. Which job are you going to take? – I’m afraid, …
13. She can play with the tennis racket in … hand.
14. By that time … his sisters had got married.
15. You can borrow … my two cameras.
16. Nick and Tom are … my friends. But … them is in the town now. They are
… in the Navy.
17. ... the jars, the big one and the small one, are empty. You can take … them. –
I’m afraid … will do.
18. She’s either very ill or has gone away. – What can one do about it in … case?
6. Consolidation.
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13.While you were on holiday, some thieves stole your wallet. You saw them,
but they got away. Complete the description you gave to the police.
1 All ... ………………………………..
2 None………………………………..
3 Both .. ………………………………………….
4 One………………………………….
5 All .......................................................
6 None ...................................................
7 Both ....................................................
8 Both ....................................................
9 Both ....................................................
10 Neither...............................................
11 Neither...............................................
12 One ....................................................
14.Choose the right word.
1. Put the picture somewhere/anywhere. I don’t mind where.
2. Does someone/anyone want a game of tennis?
3. What’s that noise? Can you hear someone/anyone screaming?
4. I’m going to the shops. Do you want something/anything?
5. You look familiar. Haven’t I seen you somewhere/anywhere before?
6. He left the room without saying something/anything.
7. Is there somewhere/anywhere private we can go to talk in private?
8. This doesn’t look a very nice restaurant. Can’t we go somewhere /anywhere
else?
9. I must have asked fifteen people, but anybody/nobody knows the answer.
10.Is there something/anything in the clothes basket? – No, it’s empty.
11.I’ve never met someone/anyone as obstinate as you are.
12.Would you like something/anything to start with before you order the main
course?
13.He sat at the table but he didn’t have something/anything to eat.
14.Is there somebody/anybody who can speak Japanese?
15.Does someone/anyone want a second helping?
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16.Someone/anyone planning to travel abroad should take his driving license with
him.
17.If someone/anyone wants to leave early, he can ask for permission.
18.I suppose everyone/anyone believes he can be Prime Minister.
19.If someone/anyone wants help in an emergency, he can dial 999.
20.Anybody/nobody wants/doesn’t want to be told he is going to be sacked.
21.Anything/nothing matters/doesn’t matter now. – Everything is finished.
22.I know you were in but anybody/nobody opened/didn’t open the door. What
was wrong?
23.Ask somebody/anybody you know what he thinks of war and he’ll say it’s evil.
24.Anyone/everyone gets what he deserves, even if he doesn’t like what he gets.
25.When the famous actress appeared, all/everyone wanted to talk to her.
26.I’m not buying anything, all/everything is too expensive.
27.All/everyone who knew me could be sure I was telling the truth.
28.All/everyone of us felt it had been a wonderful experience.
29.All/everyone stood up when the President came into the room.
30.All/everyone talked about the elections, but I’m not sure they all/everyone
voted.
31.All/everything in the building was destroyed in the fire. Some of the objects
were priceless.
32.I won’t help you for all/all of the tea in China!
33.How much do you want for all/everything in the shop?
34.The plane crashed and no/none of the passengers survived.
35.Most/most of the students knew the answer.
36.All/all the employees work too hard.
37.All/all the children like to play.
38.All/all the addresses in the list are out of date.
15.Use the words in the first box to make true statements about the people in
the second box.
(a) few (of) all (of) both (of) lots (of) most (of) neither of none of one
of some (of)
bands classmates cousins doctors friends grandfathers neighbours
parents politicians relatives students
16.Complete the sentences using words from the box.
a few (of) all (of) any (of) each (of) few (of) half (of) most (of) much
(of) none (of)
1 It is widely believed that … human beings are descended from one common
ancestor.
2 When Jill decided to sell her car, she phoned round her friends. But … them
14
wanted to buy it, so she put an ad in the paper.
3 Do … your colleagues give you birthday presents?
4 When my rich uncle died, he left … his fortune to his cat and the other half to a
distant cousin! We had never expected to receive … it, but we were disappointed
that he hadn't left … it to us.
5 I think … children enjoy going to funfairs, although I know … who are
frightened of the big rides.
6 We'll have to work quickly because I haven't got … time.
7 Before mixing the cake, weigh … ingredient precisely.
8 I'll have to buy a new tie … the ones I've got matches this jacket.
9 … people enjoy housework, and I'm not one of them.
10 Brett lost his wallet, so he phoned … the shops he'd visited. But he got the same
answer from … place. Unfortunately, … their staff had found it.
17.There are mistakes in nine of these sentences. Correct the sentences where
necessary.
1. He shouted at all of students, although most of us had done nothing wrong.
2. Can anyone use the tennis courts or only college students?
3. What happens if anybody get left behind?
4. What a boring town! There are not good restaurants, nothing.
5. I think he was lonely because he had a few friends and none of his neighbours ever
spoke to him.
6. We can’t use this room because there are no chairs in it.
7. I’ve wasted two hours because the whole information you gave me was wrong.
8. When I got on the plane, the stewardess told me I could have some seat because there
were so few passengers on the flight.
9. You can’t borrow money from me because I have no.
10. The problem is that I have much homework to do at weekends, so I have very little time
for sport.
11. I don’t know whether our scheme will make a profit, but any money we raise will be
given to charity.
12. I feel so embarrassed that all know my problem.
18. Choose the right word.
You can't turn the clock back
Last week I made the mistake of revisiting the village where I grew up. It used
to be a small, friendly community with two farms and a number of old
cottages round the village green. I realised very quickly that although in (1)
many/few ways it appears unchanged, in reality hardly (2) nothing / anything
is the same.
15
(3) All / Every the pretty cottages are there, of course, and (4) both / most the
traditional farmhouses. But (5) none of the / none of inhabitants are country
people. All of (6) they / them are commuters, who leave early (7) every morning /
all the mornings for the nearby town.
(8) Neither of / Neither the farmhouses is attached to a farm these days; the land
has been sold and is managed by (9) somebody / anyone in an office (io) anywhere
/ somewhere who has (11) little / a little interest in the village itself.
There are (12) few / a few new houses, but they have (13) no / none of local
character. You can see the same style (14) anywhere / somewhere in the country.
(15) The whole / Whole of the village, in fact, has been tidied up so much that it
looks (16) any / no more picturesque than any suburban street.
16
VOCABULARY, READING & SPEAKING
a) Study the following idioms and write a vocabulary story with as many of
them as you can.
Like father, like son This idiom is used when different generations of a family
behave in the same way or have the same talents of defects.
Old wives’ tale A proverb or piece of advice that is commonly accepted as truth
and is handed down the generations, but is normally false.
One man's meat is another man's poison. Something that you say which means
that something one person likes very much can be something that another person
does not like at all
Prince charming A prince charming is the perfect man in a woman's life.
Renaissance man A Renaissance man is a person who is talented in a number of
different areas, especially when their talents include both the sciences and the arts.
Man in the street The man in the street is an idiom to describe ordinary people,
especially when talking about their opinions and ideas.
Man of his word A man of his word is a person who does what he says and keeps
his promises.
Man of letters A man of letters is someone who is an expert in the arts and
literature, and often a writer too.
Man of means A man, or woman, of means is wealthy.
Man upstairs When people refer to the man upstairs, they are referring to God.
Man's man A man's man is a man who does things enjoyed by men and is
respected by other men.
New man A New man is a man who believes in complete equality of the sexes and
shares domestic work equally.
No use to man or beast If something or someone is no use to man or beast, they it
or they are utterly useless.
Straw man A straw man is a weak argument that is easily defeated. It can also be
a person who is used as to give an illegal or inappropriate activity an appearance of
respectability.
17
The world and his wife If the world and his wife were somewhere, then huge
numbers of people were present.
Tied to your mother's apron strings Describes a child (often a boy) who is so
used to his mother's care that he (or she) cannot do anything on his (or her) own.
A poor man's something Something or someone that can be compared to
something or someone else, but is not as good is a poor man's version; a writer
who uses lots of puns but isn't very funny would be a poor man's Oscar Wilde.
Every man for himself If it's every man for himself, then people are trying to save
themselves from a difficult situation without trying to help anyone else.
b) Fill the gaps with the suitable words and expressions from the list above.
1. Jill: I don't understand why Don doesn't like to read science fiction. It's the
most interesting thing to read. Jane:________________.
2. Isn't he a little too old to be______________?
3. 'So what did you think of the film?' 'It was just a _____________'Pulp
Fiction'.'
4. This poet came from the district of Chiang-ning to the capital, where he
obtained his doctor's degree and distinguished himself as a ___________.
5. It's a huge outdoor concert - I imagine _____________ will be there.
6. How much time have you wasted sitting around waiting for ____________to
appear?
7. At first we tried to help each other study for the exam, but soon it was
_____________.
8. This bike has got two flat tyres - it's________________.
9. Jill: George's father smoked all the time, and now George is smoking
excessively, too. Jane:__________________, eh?
10.He's a poet, astronomer, musician - an all-round_______________.
11.Terry's what you'd call a_______________. I don't expect you'd find him at
the ballet too many nights a week.
Article 1.
1. In the text find the words that correspond to the following definitions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
a recklessly bold person
to urge or persuade earnestly; advise strongly
equality of rank, pay, etc
struck with overwhelming shock or amazement
a pleasure trip, excursion, picnic, or the like
leaving no opportunity for denial or refusal; imperative
18
7. a border or a rule that shows the limits of something or how things are
divided
8. to wash, water, or sprinkle with a flexible pipe for conveying a liquid
9. the use of ambiguous expressions, especially in order to mislead or hedge
10.embarrass, or render completely at a loss
11.to walk without lifting the feet or with clumsy steps
12.to come together; assemble, especially in large numbers
2. Read the text and retell it using the active words (in italics + ex.1) and idioms.
Where men are men . . . and women don't know the recipe
for equality
Compared with the seductive advertisements for cigarettes, underwear and alcohol,
the recent billboard posters appear stark: "Dare to . . . if you're a man," they
proclaim. But far from being challenged to some daredevil macho stunt, the males
of Granada are merely being exhorted to tackle the washing-up. The adverts,
which depict a huge stack of dirty dishes, form part of the town council's
campaign for the greater sharing of responsibilities and domestic tasks between
men and women.
As in other Western countries, the struggle for gender equality continues. Parity in
terms of pay and opportunities has improved enormously in recent years. It is in
the home that traditional ideas are more difficult to change. Although most women
now have jobs outside the home, many Spanish men still consider domestic tasks
to be women's work: "Leave that to your sister," Yolanda's father commanded with
a frown on seeing his son pick up a tea towel, "It's not your job."
Often, though, it is the women themselves, especially those of the older generation,
who insist on serving the rest of the family. They see it as their duty, and are
fiercely proud of their culinary and housekeeping skills. Life for the housewife is
an endless faena, a round of tasks to ensure the comfort of every (other) member of
the family.
Maria is in her late 50s and works full-time, cleaning the large building where I
work, and running the cafeteria. Her husband works there too, although his job is
less physically demanding. When Maria arrives home, exhausted after a long and
tiring day, her work begins anew. While the rest of the family relaxes, she sets
about the household chores, prepares a meal and stares aghast at the vast pile of
ironing that awaits her. Most of it belongs to her five adult children, who see no
reason to leave home in the foreseeable future.
"It's not fair," Maria agrees, "but what can I do? When I ask them to help, they
always have something more important to do - an outing with friends, a series of
phone calls. Or they point out how much better their shirts look when I iron them."
19
She shrugs: "Young people . . ." Neither can Manolo, her husband, be expected to
change his ways: "It's what he's used to".
On the other hand, it is not true to say that all Spanish men are parasites in the
home. They too have their duties. My landlord, Pablo, is retired and, it seems,
entirely at the disposal of his wife. It is clear from the string of orders issued in
peremptory tones each day who is boss. However, she would never dream of
asking him to shop for food in the market.
Clear demarcation lines exist in the division of tasks. For example, it is Pablo who
carries the washing up to the terrace, but Emilia who must hang it out. Pablo takes
care of any outside jobs, such as hosing the terrace and watering the garden, but
indoors the house is the undisputed domain of his wife.
There are some signs of change amongst younger couples, but the pace of progress
is painfully slow. The men in my mixed class of adult students were completely
stumped when asked to relate a simple recipe. "But I've never cooked anything,"
protested 27-year-old Javier. "My mother always cooks." Part of the council's
programme aimed at relieving the burden on women and mothers involves
teaching boys to cook. Clearly its work is cut out.
Perhaps the difficulty in changing attitudes to domestic responsibility in a
Mediterranean culture merely reflects the wider picture of differentiation between
the sexes. Here there is no room for equivocation: men are men and women are
women. Unisex fashion is an unknown concept. Chicos and chicas do not wear the
same clothes, or shuffle along in the same uniform manner. They dress differently,
carry themselves differently, displaying with pride their masculinity or femininity.
In the squares of the town, the parents and grandparents of these young people
gather on warm summer evenings to chat and pass the time of day with their
neighbours. Men congregate on one side, women on the other. It has always been
that way, it seems.
And it is also that way on "The day of the book", which is celebrated every year on
April 23, the day of Cervantes's burial, when it is the custom to give friends a book
as a present. "Yes, but not to women," Javier explained earnestly, "To women you
give a rose."
Barbara Lamplugh
Guardian Weekly
3. Do you believe that men and women should be equal?
Do you think men must do their share of housework?
Article 2.
20
1. Fill the gaps in the sentences using these key words from the text.
sexist inexcusable ethos official suspend offside
banter broadcaster off-air build-up concur vice-chair
1. If you ______________________ someone from a job, you officially stop
them from doing that job for a limited amount of time.
2. A ______________________ comment is one that suggests that men and
women should be treated in a different way and are suited to different types
of jobs and positions in society.
3. If a comment is made ______________________, it is made at a moment
when a television or radio programme is not being broadcast.
4. A ______________________ is a television or radio company.
5. If behaviour is described as ______________________, it is so bad or rude
that you cannot forgive the person who behaved in that way.
6. In football, an ______________________ is either the referee or one of the
assistant referees.
7. The ______________________ is the second most senior person in charge
of a company.
8. If you ______________________, you agree with what someone says.
9. If you are ______________________ in football, you are in the wrong
position according to the rules of the game.
10.The ______________________ to a sporting event is the time before it
when people are talking about it and preparing for it.
11.The ______________________ of an organization is the set of attitudes and
beliefs that are typical of it.
12.______________________ is friendly conversation in which people tell
jokes and laugh at each other.
Presenters in trouble over sexism row
Richard Keys and Andy Gray suspended from Sky game over sexism row
Owen Gibson 24 January, 2011
The Sky Sports presenters Richard Keys and Andy Gray, heavily criticized after
being caught on tape making sexist comments off-air, have been suspended from
presenting the next live match and will be subject to further disciplinary action.
The broadcaster said that it had made clear to both that their comments were
“totally unacceptable”.
Keys and Gray, caught on tape by a national newspaper criticizing the Premier
League official Sian Massey and the West Ham vice-chair Karren Brady, were due
21
to front coverage of Bolton against Chelsea but have been replaced by the former
Sky Sports News presenter, Dave Jones. The programme will start 15 minutes later
than originally planned and be presented from Bolton rather than from the Sky
Sports studio.
The pair, who have fronted Sky Sports football coverage for almost two decades,
commented on Massey’s appointment for a recent game between Wolverhampton
Wanderers and Liverpool, when they thought their microphones were switched off.
They concurred that female officials “don’t know the offside rule”, with Keys
adding: “I can guarantee you there’ll be a big one today. [Liverpool manager]
Kenny [Dalglish] will go potty.” Instead, Massey crucially made a correct
borderline call in the build-up to Liverpool’s first goal in the match.
Keys also went on to remark on comments made by Brady in another newspaper
about the level of sexism in football by saying: “See charming Karren Brady this
morning complaining about sexism? Yeah. Do me a favour, love.”
The Sky Sports managing director, Barney Francis, said he had spoken to both
Keys and Gray personally. “It has been made clear to each of them that their
comments were totally unacceptable. Those views are entirely inconsistent with
our ethos as a business and employer, and will rightly offend many of our
customers, our people and the wider public,” he said. “They are inexcusable from
anyone at Sky, regardless of their role or seniority.”
Francis added: “We have dealt with this matter by taking immediate disciplinary
action. As with any employee, it would not be right to go into detail on those
proceedings. However, they have been clearly warned about their behaviour and
reminded of their responsibilities.” The UK sports minister, Hugh Robertson, also
joined the chorus of criticism. “It is very disappointing to hear these comments at a
time when we are trying to get more women participating and officiating in sport,
particularly football,” he said.
Brady said that the comments had made her “blood boil”. “Forget myself for a
second, because what was said about me is a personal opinion and everyone is
entitled to that. What really upsets me is the fact that only females in our industry
are judged by their gender. And that is categorically wrong,” she said.
“I’m genuinely disappointed. It never would have occurred to me that [Richard
Keys and Andy Gray] had those views, whether public or private,” added Brady on
BBC Radio. “It almost makes it worse that they’re speaking when the microphones
are not on, as opposed to when they are on, because [they have] never really had
the brass neck to say it publicly, they would only say it privately. I have heard it
and I don’t believe it is just banter.”
© Guardian News & Media 2011
First published in The Guardian, 24/01/11
Note: Since this article was written, Gray has been fired from his job and Keys has
resigned.
22
2. Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. The two men were suspended from their jobs because …
a … they made sexist comments on live television.
b … they made sexist comments off-air.
c … they made sexist comments in a newspaper interview.
2. The two men were unhappy that …
a … a female official had made a bad mistake in an important match.
b … a female official had been appointed to officiate in an important match.
c … a female official didn’t know the offside rule.
3. How did the Sky Sports managing director describe the comments?
a he said they were inconsistent
b he said they were offensive
c he said they were totally unacceptable
How did Karren Brady react to the comments?
a she was surprised and disappointed
b she was surprised and angry
c she was angry and disappointed
3. Find the following words and phrases in the text.
1. a two-word expression meaning measures taken to punish someone for
breaking the rules of their employment (para 1)
2. a verb meaning to be the main person appearing in a television
programme, telling people what is happening in each part of the
programme (para 2)
3. a two-word colloquial expression meaning to get very angry (para 3)
4. a four-word colloquial expression meaning I don’t agree with you at all
(para 4)
5. a two-word expression meaning not in accordance with (para 5)
6. a verb meaning to be in charge of a game or match and check that the
players obey the rules (para 6)
7. a four-word expression meaning to make you feel very angry (para 7)
8. a two-word expression meaning rude and confident behaviour that makes
someone capable of doing something that most people would be too
embarrassed to do (para 8)
4. Match the adverbs with the words from the text that they qualify.
heavily genuinely totally entirely clearly categorically
23
1. _______________________ wrong
2. _______________________ inconsistent
3. _______________________ warned
4. _______________________ criticized
5. _______________________ unacceptable
6. _______________________ disappointed
5. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets at the
end of each sentence.
1. The two men were subject to __________________________ action.
[DISCIPLINE]
2. The two men were unhappy about the __________________________ of
a female official. [APPOINT]
3. Karren Brady complained about the amount of
__________________________ in football. [SEX]
4. The comments have been described as __________________________.
[EXCUSE]
5. Brady said it was __________________________ wrong to judge people
by their gender. [CATEGORY]
6. The men made the comments __________________________ rather
than publicly. [PRIVATE]
5. Do you think it is right for people to lose their jobs for remarks they made in a
conversation they thought was private? Explain your answer.
Do you think women should be referees or assistant referees at men’s football
matches? Why? Why not?
Render the following article into English. Use at least 15 active words and phrases. Do you
agree with the author’s point of view?
Кому нужно равенство полов?
Феминистическое движение началось в XVIII столетии и до сих пор весьма активно.
Женщины усиленно требуют равенства. С феминистками прошлого все понятно. Их
требования были не просто оправданными, но необходимыми. К примеру, такой простой
на первый взгляд вопрос: право собственности. У женщин его не было. Как только
женщина выходила замуж, все ее имущество автоматически становилось собственностью
мужа. При разводе она не имела права ни на что, даже на детей. Существовали
ограничения на доступную профессию, отсутствовало право голоса и так далее.
24
Так что не удивительно, что появились феминистки, которые иногда даже ценой
собственной жизни (например, в 1793 году казнили Олимпию де Гуж, автора Декларации
прав женщины и гражданки) требовали предоставления женщине прав и свобод.
В наше время женщины имеют право голоса, нет ограничений на профессию. Более того,
во многих ранее исключительно мужских областях женщины добились несомненных
успехов, а кое-где даже выходят в лидеры. И все же требования равенства продолжаются.
В некоторых странах доходит до абсурда. Женщины подают в суд за комплименты,
заинтересованные взгляды (при этом продолжая носить мини-юбки), за предложение
оплатить счет в кафе, поданную на выходе из автобуса руку и так далее. Подобные
действия считаются нарушением принципа равенства. Муж, высказавший жене
недовольство по поводу невкусного обеда, становится виновным в жестоком обращении с
женщиной. И так далее. Курьезных случаев множество, но они рассматриваются не как
забавные анекдоты, а как часть борьбы женщин за равноправие.
Кажется, еще немного, и от мужчин потребуют, чтобы они научились рожать детей –
исходя из того же положения о всеобщем равенстве.
Но вот интересный вопрос – кому все-таки выгодно это гипертрофированное женское
равноправие, которое смешивает социальное и политическое равноправие и равенство
полов?
Если раньше женщина, выходя замуж, имела право требовать, чтобы муж обеспечил ей
каменную стену, защищающую и ее, и детей, то сейчас многие женщины рассчитывают
только на себя. Они вполне успешны на работе, у них неплохие доходы, они способны
сами обеспечить себе эту защиту.
Фактически равенство такого типа идет на пользу исключительно мужчинам. И то не
всем, а лишь тем, кто не желает принимать на себя никакой ответственности. Тот, кто
ответственности не желает, очень удобно прячется за лозунгами равноправия. Он не
обязан никого защищать. Зачем? Ведь равенство! Значит, женщина может защитить себя
сама. Алименты на детей в случае развода? Еще чего! Сама рожала, пусть сама и
содержит. Равенство! Можно преспокойно стать альфонсом и благополучно сидеть на шее
у жены. А что? Ведь равенство, а у нее хорошая зарплата. И так далее.
Так что женщинам, пропагандирующим всеобщее равенство, следует призадуматься: а
кому оно нужно? Действительно ли это то, чего они хотят? Или речь идет об уважении со
стороны мужчин, о том, чтобы к мнению женщин прислушивались, о том, чтобы
мужчины научились понимать женщин. Но к равенству это никакого отношения не имеет.
И вообще, если бы природой предусматривалось равенство полов, то люди были бы
однополыми и размножались почкованием.
София Варган 10.07.2011 www.shkolazhizni.ru
Comment on the following quotes:
25
“Between men and women there is no friendship possible. There is passion,
enmity, worship, love, but no friendship.”
Oscar Wilde
“A man is already halfway in love with any woman who listens to him.”
Brendan Francis
“It is the woman who chooses the man who will choose her.”
Paul Geraldy
“If you want to know about a man you can find out an awful lot by looking at who
he married.”
Kirk Douglas
“When a man steals your wife, there is no better revenge than to let him keep her.”
Edgar Watson Howe
“If you are afraid of loneliness, don't marry.”
G. K. Chesterton
“The only thing worse than a man you can't control is a man you can.”
Jean Kerr
“Women marry men hoping they will change. Men marry women hoping they will
not. So each is inevitably disappointed.”
Albert Einstein
26
TEST YOURSELF.
1. Grammar. Choose the correct answer.
1. I ________ my secretary re-type the memo.
a got b get c had d having
2. She _________ her husband to put up some shelves in the kitchen.
a got b had c made d is having
3. They are getting their uncle _________ them his cottage in the country.
a lend
b lending c to be lending d to lend
4. We’ll _________ the builders move the skip tomorrow morning.
a get b be getting c make d making
5. No problem. I’ll _________ the figures printed out and on your desk by
lunchtime.
a having b be having c have d to get
6. Daphne is having her new car _________ this afternoon.
a deliver b delivered c be delivered d being delivered
7. __________ the children in the school have to take up at least one sport.
a Every b All c Each d Either
8. You shouldn’t slouch like that. It puts _________ of pressure on one hip
and leg.
a much b a lot c all d every
9. Some people like to rest in their free time. __________ like to travel.
a Other b The others c Others d The other
10.There was a huge fireplace at _________ end of the hall.
a both b all c other d either
2. Vocab. Suggest active vocabulary units corresponding to the following
definitions:
1. the activity of decorating or repairing your home, or making things for
your home yourself, rather than paying someone else to do it for you
2. acting, or having qualities which are traditionally considered to be
suitable for a woman
3. the member of a family who earns the money that the family needs
4. a strong feeling among a group of people in reaction to a change or recent
events in society or politics
5. the process of making a company smaller by reducing the number of
people working for it
6. the work needed to keep a road, building, machine, etc. in good condition
7. something that is not worth what you pay for it
8. a way of organizing work, especially making things, so that it is done as a
set of separate processes by different (groups of) people
9. get upset and confused
27
10.(of people) to state the opposite of what someone else has said, or (of one
fact or statement) to be so different from another fact or statement that
one of them must be wrong
11.something that happens which delays or prevents a process from
advancing
12.an important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or
provide an answer to a problem
13.a disappointment
14.the act of leaving an official meeting as a group in order to show
disapproval, or of leaving a place of work to start a strike
15.a reduction in something, made in order to save money
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ACTIVE VOCAB.
p. 78 (Learn the words and phrases in V10.1 p. 135), get a car serviced, do things
round the house, a kitchen appliance, leak (e.g. the roof was leaking)
p. 79 duvet, dry-clean, dye (hair), DIY
p. 80 (Learn the words and phrases in V10.2 p. 135), self-respecting, do the
childcare, the division of labour, get in touch, feminine, apparently, feel guilty
about smth, compared to, a breadwinner, quote, on an average day, show smb in a
positive light, My blood boils!, run the home, a tyre
p. 81 put smb to bed, pick smb up, jealous
p. 82 determined, stay-at-home mothers, valuable, a backlash, liberation, turn away
from smth, a job in (law, medicine, banking, etc.), point out, downsizing, hold
down a job, exhausted
p. 83 (Learn the words and phrases in V10.3 pp. 135-136) be true for smb
R 10.1 be fed up with, be ripped off (a rip-off), a callout charge, on top of smth, car
maintenance
R 10.5 live on one salary, end up doing smth, It’s not rocket science., drive smb
crazy, sort out a problem, use up (all his words), exaggerated, deal in, go on about
smth, gorgeous, newlyweds
R 10.8 There you are., tidy up, count on smb/ smth, read a map, get flustered, How
on earth do you…?
R 10.10 a TV guide, contradict smb
Vocabulary plus: Nouns from phrasal verbs.
A setback, a walkout, a breakdown, a cutback, a letdown, a break-up, a
breakthrough, a turnaround, a fallout, an outbreak, an uptake, a check-up
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