CHAPTER 4 NOTES
1. The ____________________ is the case that contains electronic components of the computer used
to process data. It is also called a _____________________.
2. What are common components inside the system unit?
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________________
3. The ___________________ is the main circuit board of the system unit. It contains expansion
slots, processor chips, and memory slots.
4. Small piece of semi-conducting material on which integrated circuits are etched are
______________________________.
5. Integrated _____________ on the chip contain many microscopic pathways capable of carrying
electrical current.
6. __________________________ interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a
computer
7. __________________ unit directs and coordinates operations in computer.
8. ______________________________ (ALU) performs arithmetic, comparison, and logical
operations.
9. A _______________ processor is a chip with two or more separate processors.
10. Each processor on a multi-core chip generally ___________________overall performance.
11. Four operations of the CPU comprise a machine cycle. They are ____________________,
_________________, _________________, _______________________
12. _________________ is when the processor begins fetching second instructions before
completing the machine cycle for first instruction improves processing time.
13. A ____________________ is a temporary high-speed storage area that holds data and
instructions.
14. The ______________________________ controls the timing of all computer operations and
generates regular electronic pulses, or ticks, that set operating pace of components of system
unit.
15. _________________________ uses multiple processors simultaneously to execute a program
faster and requires special software to divide problem and bring results together.
DATA REPRESENTATION
16. Computers recognize only two discrete states: ____________ or ___________. They use a
binary system to recognize two states. Binary is a number system with two unique digits: 0 and
1, called bits (short for ____________ ___________.)
17. A ____________ is eight bits grouped together as a unit and provides enough different
combinations of 0s and 1s to represent 256 individual characters
18. Three popular coding systems to represent data:
i. ASCII—American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ii. EBCDIC—Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
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iii. Unicode—coding scheme capable of representing all world’s languages
_____________ is the electronic components that store instructions, data, and results. It
consists of one or more chips on motherboard or other circuit boards.
Memory is measured by ________________ of bytes available for storage.
Term
Abbreviation
Approximate Size
Kilobyte
KB or K
1 _________ bytes
Megabyte
MB
1_________ bytes
Gigabyte
GB
1 _________ bytes
Terabyte
TB
1 _________ bytes
RAM is _____________ __________________________.Also called main memory or primary
storage. Most RAM is _____________, it is lost when computer’s power is turned off. The more
RAM a computer has, the ______________________ it responds
___________________resides on small circuit board called memory module. ______________
slots on motherboard hold memory modules.
The amount of _____________ depends on the types of software you plan to use. For optimal
performance, you need ______________ minimum specifications
__________________helps speed computer processes by storing frequently used instructions
and data . Also called ______________ cache.
L1 cache built into processor
L2 cache slower but has larger capacity
L2 advanced transfer cache is faster, built directly on processor chip
L3 cache is separate from processor chip on motherboard (L3 is only on computers that use L2
advanced transfer cache).
25. _____________________ (ROM) is Memory chips that store permanent data and instructions.
___________________ memory, it is not lost when computer’s power is turned off.
26. __________________ is nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten
and used with many mobile devices.
27. _________________ uses battery power to retain information when other power is turned off
and stores date, time, and computer’s startup information.
28. Amount of time it takes processor to read data from memory is called __________________. It
is measured in ___________________.or ____________________ of a second.
29. An _____________ card enhances system unit or provides connections to external devices
called peripherals . It is also called an expansion card.
30. An opening, or socket, on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card is an
______________________.With ___________ and _____________, the computer automatically
configures cards and other devices as you install them
31. An ______________________- module adds memory, storage, sound, fax/modem,
communications, and other capabilities to notebook computers.
32. A flash ___________ or _________________ allows users to transfer data from mobile devices
to desktop computers. An PC card adds various capabilities to computers.
33. __________________________ connects external devices to system unit.
34. _________________________ joins cable to peripheral.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
35. A ______________________ transmits one bit of data at a time and connects slow-speed
devices, such as mouse, keyboard, modem.
36. _______________________ connects devices that can transfer more than one bit at a time,
such as a printer.
37. USB (___________________________________________) port can connect up to 127 different
peripherals together with a single connector type.
38. Single USB port can be used to attach multiple peripherals in a _____________ chain.
39. ___________________ port connects multiple types of devices that require faster data
transmission speeds. It allows you to connect up to _____devices together. FireWire 800 is the
latest FireWire version.
40. A FireWire _______ is a device that plugs in a FireWire port on the system unit and contains
multiple FireWire ports in which you plug cables from FireWire devices
41. _____________________ allow users to attach specialized peripherals or transmit data to
wireless devices. Newer machines are using _________________ ports.
42. A ____________ is a channel that allows devices inside computer to communicate with each
other. The _________ width determines number of bits transmitted at one time.
43. _________________ allows the processor to communicate with peripherals.
44. _____________ are openings inside system unit used to install additional equipment. Drive
bays typically hold disk drives.
45. _______________ computer usually weighs between 2.5 and 10 pounds, or mobile device
46. What are suggested processor and RAM configurations based on the needs of various types of
users?
Home ____________________________________________________________________________
Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) _____________________________________________________
Mobile ___________________________________________________________________________
Power ____________________________________________________________________________
Large Business_____________________________________________________________________
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