Theme 1: Why do people migrate? ACTIVITIES 1. Why do people migrate? 2. Would you leave home? 3. What is poverty and development? 4. What are the Millennium Development Goals? Theme 1: Worksheets Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? 7 Activity 1. Why do people migrate? Aims (PowerPoint slide 1) To introduce definitions of migration, persecution and asylum. To examine the reasons which cause people to migrate. To introduce push and pull factors. Total Timing 45 minutes or one hour, with extension activity Timing Activity Starter 10 minutes Present the question: Why might someone leave home? (PowerPoint slide 2) Materials PowerPoint slide 2: Starter question Ask students to call out some reasons and write these on the board. Educator tip Encourage students to think of family and friends who may have moved away to another country and their reasons. Ask students if they know the term that is used to describe when someone leaves their home to go to a new place. Explain that the term is migration and the people that move are migrants (PowerPoint slide 3). As people have different reasons for migrating, there are different types of migration. PowerPoint slide 3: Definitions of migration and migrants Explain that through this activity students will learn about why people migrate. Educator tip When explaining the term migration there may be some confusion about tourism. Clarify that migration is generally used when people go to a new place to settle or live in the longer term and where they create significant ties to the new place. Film 1: Why do people migrate? Before watching the film: 30 minutes Introduce film 1 explaining that it includes the real stories of five migrants who describe why they had to leave home. Hand out worksheet 1. Ask students while watching the film to note down what reasons each of the people in the film give for migrating. Ask students to also note any terms they are unfamiliar with (PowerPoint slide 4). Watch film 1: Why do people migrate (PowerPoint slide 4). Alternatively you can use worksheet 2 and select a student to read the transcript. After watching the film, discuss the following questions (PowerPoint slide 5): How did you feel while watching the film? Was there anything you found surprising? What reasons do the people in the film give about why they migrated? Were there any terms mentioned that you are unfamiliar with? For example Sajwaa mentioned she left Iraq because of persecution. Priyanga mentions the asylum process. What do you think these terms mean? Refer to PowerPoint slide 6 for the definitions. Please also note the definition of a refugee. At the end of the film Priyanga asks: What would make you leave your home and go to a different country? How would you respond Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? Worksheet 1: Film 1 exercise PowerPoint slide 4: Points to consider while watching the film Film 1: Why do people migrate or worksheet 2 (film 1 transcript) PowerPoint slide 5: Discussion points after watching film 1 PowerPoint slide 6: Definitions of persecution and seeking asylum 8 Activity 1. Why do people migrate? Timing Activity Review questions (PowerPoint slide 7) 5 minutes 15 minutes What is migration? What reasons may people have for migrating? What is persecution? Materials PowerPoint slide 7: Review questions Optional extension activity: Push and pull factors Hand out the ‘Reasons to migrate cards’ (worksheet 3) Worksheet 3: Ask students in pairs to: Reasons to migrate cards Add additional reasons for migration to the blank cards. Write down what the missing words are that match the images. Feedback to the rest of the group. The missing words include: 2. War/Conflict and 5. earthquake. Additional reasons may include persecution and unemployment. Remind students of the migrant stories in film 1: Sajwaa left Iraq because of persecution and Ines left Portugal because of unemployment. Explain that reasons which make people move away from somewhere are called push factors and reasons which may attract people to a new place are called pull factors (PowerPoint slide 8). Ask students which images on worksheet 3 may represent push factors and which pull factors. Push factors include conflict, lack of access to food, political climate, earthquake, flood, cyclone, poverty, unemployment, persecution. Pull factors include to seek safety, to seek a better life and to find a better job. Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? PowerPoint slide 8: Definition of push and pull factors 9 Activity 2. Would you leave home? Aims (PowerPoint slide 1) To consider the decision to leave home from a migrant’s perspective. To learn more about the reasons that cause people to migrate. To consider the affects of migration on people and communities. Total Timing 40 minutes Timing Activity Starter 5 minutes Present the question: What do you like about the place where you live? (PowerPoint slide 2) Materials PowerPoint slide 2: Starter question Ask students to call out things they like and write these on the board. Ask students what they think it would be like if these things were taken away. What would they do? Where might they go? Explain that this activity is about what might make them leave home. Would you leave home role play 30 minutes Explain that students will take part in a role playing activity. They will all be given a role and asked to make decisions about whether they would leave home based on various news bulletins. Hand out one role card per student from worksheet 4, and allow students time to read and understood their role. Select one student as the journalist and provide them with worksheet 5, which includes instructions about their role. This activity requires a spacious room that students can easily move around in. Worksheet 4: role play cards (cut out roles, one per student) Select one of the news bulletins from worksheet 5 to focus the activity on. Select one area in the room that represents home, another area that represents the rest of the country and a third area that represents the rest of the world. Worksheet 5: News bulletin After students have understood their roles, read through the following instructions before the start of the activity (PowerPoint slide 3): Everyone should start in the area of the room that represents home. The journalist will read out news about the changing situation in your country. As the situation changes, decide whether you want to stay at home, move to another part of the same country or move to another country. Be prepared to justify your choice. Remember to make decisions based on the character from your role card. PowerPoint slide 3: Instructions Ask the journalist to read the first part of the news bulletin and allow students time to move around before reading the next part. During the activity ask students: Why did you make this choice? Was it easy to decide? What do you think you will need to consider about your journey and new home? How might your decision affect your community? Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? 10 Activity 2. Would you leave home? Timing Activity Review points (PowerPoint slide 4) 5 minutes Deciding to leave home is a difficult decision. People who decide to migrate have to consider many different factors based on their situation. Migration can have positive as well as negative affects on people individually and their communities. Materials PowerPoint slide 4: Review points Take action on migration! Place students into groups and handout worksheet 9. Encourage students to work in groups to build on their learning by taking action on migration. Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? 11 Activity 3. What is poverty and development? Aims (PowerPoint slide 1) To define poverty To define development To consider the links between poverty and development Total Timing 35 minutes Educator tip This activity is most suitable for young people aged 16 years old or over. Timing Activity Materials Defining poverty 15 minutes Write up on the board the word ‘poverty’ and ask students what they think this means. Write up ideas on the board. Ask students to work in groups to write a definition of poverty. Ask students to use the words on the board and the images on PowerPoint slide 2 to help create a definition. Ask the groups to feedback their definitions. Present two definitions of poverty (PowerPoint slide 3) and compare these to students’ definitions. Income poverty can be defined living on less than $1.25 a day. (Source: World Bank: www.worldbank.org/) PowerPoint slide 2: Images of poverty PowerPoint slide 3: Definitions of poverty Human poverty can be defined as a short life, a lack of basic education and a lack of access to resources such as transport, housing, electricity, water and so on. (Source: United Nations Development Programme http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/indices/hpi/) One definition is based on income whereas the other definition is based on other factors such as healthcare, education, shelter and so on. Defining development 15 minutes Write up on the board ‘development’ and repeat the same activity as with poverty, asking students to define development. Present the images of development to help in creating a definition (PowerPoint slide 4). PowerPoint slide 4: Images of development Ask students to think about the links between poverty and development as part of this activity. After groups have fed back their definitions of development, present a definition of development and compare this to students’ definitions (PowerPoint slide 5). Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? PowerPoint slide 5: Definition of development 12 Activity 3. What is poverty and development? Timing Activity Materials Development is a process through which countries change over time. It can be defined in different ways. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies defines development as the process by which communities, families and individuals grow stronger, can enjoy fuller and more productive lives and become less vulnerable. (Source: www.ifrc.org/docs/pubs/who/policies/developmentpolicyen.pdf) The United Nations have developed a way of measuring development by looking at three basic factors which include life expectancy, or the average age people live to, education and income. (Source: Human Development Index http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/hdi/) Review questions (PowerPoint slide 6) 5 minutes How can we define poverty? How can we define development? What are the links between poverty and development? Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? PowerPoint slide 6: Review questions 13 Activity 4. What are the Millennium Development Goals? Aims (PowerPoint slide 1) To learn about the Millennium Development Goals To consider the links between migration and development Total Timing 55 minutes, or one hour and ten minutes with extension activity Educator tip This activity is most suitable for young people aged 16 years old or over. Timing Activity Development factors group exercise 20 minutes Explain to students that through this activity they will work together to think of what the priorities are for global development. Split the group into teams of eight people. Hand out one set of development factors per group (worksheet 6) and a different country profile per group (worksheet 7). Inform the groups that they have 15 minutes to complete the following tasks (PowerPoint slide 2 and worksheet 6): Discuss what is happening in your country around each of the eight factors. Allocate one development factor to each person in your group. Each person will act as a leader from their country and represent their country’s interests at global development talks. Global development talks group exercise 20 minutes Now ask students to sit with other representatives of the same development factor from other countries. For example all education representatives should sit together, all health representatives should sit together and so on. Materials Worksheet 6: Development factors (one handout per group) Worksheet 7: Country profiles (cut out and provide a different country profile per group) PowerPoint slide 2: Development factors and group exercise PowerPoint slide 3: Global development talks group exercise Tell the students that they are representing their countries at global development talks. Inform groups that they have 15 minutes to agree one change they will make relating to their factor that will contribute towards development (PowerPoint slide 3). Encourage students to draw on the situation in their countries for the discussion. Defining the Millennium Development Goals 10 minutes Ask each group to feedback their one change and write these up on the board. There should be eight changes listed in total. Explain to the students that in September 2000, the United Nations Millennium Declaration was made. This brought together the largest gathering of world leaders in history (189 countries) and they agreed eight goals to tackle poverty. These were called the Millennium Development Goals and are known the MDGs. These are a set of targets to reduce extreme poverty by all the nations that were present committing to a global partnership. The target for the achievement of the goals is 2015 (PowerPoint slide 4). Hand out worksheet 8. Ask students how are the millennium development goals similar or different to the changes they proposed? Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? PowerPoint slide 4: The Millennium Development Goals Worksheet 8: The Millennium Development Goals 14 Activity 4. What are the Millennium Development Goals? Timing Activity Review questions (PowerPoint slide 5) 5 minutes What are the millennium development goals? Can you name the eight millennium development goals? Optional extension: How is migration linked to development? Ask students in groups to compare the reasons for migration (worksheet 3) with the millennium development goals (worksheet 8). 15 minutes Materials PowerPoint slide 5: Review questions Worksheet 3: Reasons to migrate cards Students can discuss the following questions (PowerPoint slide 6): How is migration linked with the MDGs? Which of the MDGs tackle problems faced by migrants? How might migration help countries achieve the MDGs? Feedback to the rest of the group. Ways in which migration can help achieve the MDGs include that some people may migrate to overcome poverty and improve their lives. Worksheet 8: The millennium development goals PowerPoint slide 6: How is migration linked to development? Take action on poverty and the MDGs! Place students into groups and handout worksheet 10. Encourage students to work in groups to build on their learning by taking action. Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? 15 Activity 1: Why do people migrate? Worksheet 1: Film 1 exercise Activity 5: Who are migrants? While watching the film, use this worksheet to: Note down the reason each person in the film gives for migrating Note any new words Name Reasons for migrating New words Sajwaa Shakeeb Alain Ines Priyanga Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? 16 Activity 1: Why do people migrate? Worksheet 2: Film 1 transcript Why do people migrate? “Would you leave your home if it would save your life?” “Would you leave if another country offered a better life for your family?” “Would you leave your home if you were being persecuted?” “Would you move to another country if you couldn’t find work?” “Would you leave everything behind, all your friends, all your family, all your belongings, everything you played with, everything that you grew up with?” Activity 5: Who are migrants? (Sajwaa) “I left Iraq in 2006 with my three children due to the escalated situation back there. There was a civil war in Iraq and due to my background and my husband’s, we were subject to persecution and threats by different parties”. (Shakeeb) “I left India in search of more experience and because I wanted to get more exposure in my job; I wanted to learn about different cuisine and I had always heard about Europe; that there’s more work and better working environments, more job security and that people are more accepting of people from other parts of the world”. (Alain) “I left Congo because of political problems. In our country especially things are not going well; people are starving every day, students are not going to school, there’s no freedom, you can’t even express yourself and I thought that if I went back to that country I would die, or maybe be persecuted”. Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? (Ines) “My name is Ines, I come from Portugal, and I came to the UK because of work. At the time it was not as bad as it is now, but I still couldn’t find any sort of work for two years. For some time I was doing temporary jobs and these started to become fewer and fewer until I had nothing”. (Priyanga) “I came here simply for a better life. My parents and I, we left Sri Lanka when I was twelve years old, and we had to flee the country because civil war had broken loose, and the lives of both my parents were in danger. When we came to the UK it was the year 2000 and several locations – asylum applications – were originally rejected and we had to keep putting in fresh claims”. “What is it that would make you leave your own home, what is it that would make you leave everything you have, all your friends, all your family, everything that you own and go to a different country?” 17 Activity 1: Why do people migrate? Worksheet 3: Reasons to migrate cards Add additional reasons for migration to the blank cards Activity 4: What are the Millennium Development Goals? Write down what the picture with the missing words represents 1. To seek safety 2. ………………………………… 3. Lack of access to food 4. Political climate 5. ………………………………… 6. To seek a better life 7. Flood 8. Cyclone 9. Poverty 10. To find a better job Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? ………………………………… Add a reason ………………………………… Add a reason 18 Worksheet 4: Would you leave home role play cards Activity 2: Would you leave home? An elderly man or woman A doctor A young man or woman You have a lot of difficulty with walking and receive a lot of help and support with every day activities from your neighbours. You are the only doctor in your community and run a very busy clinic. You have a brother who lives in a neighbouring country, who has been encouraging you to go and live with him. You are a student. You think that a good education is your key to a better future and have heard that there are good universities abroad. However your parents are in poor health and you are hesitant to leave them behind. A farmer A teacher A mother or father with two young children You have a small farm and sell your crops to your community to make a living. You don’t earn much money from this and struggle to get by. You are a teacher in the local primary school and have lived in the area for a number of years. You know the parents and children from the school very well and are a respected member of the community. Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? You are a single parent with two nursery age children. You do not have any relatives in the area and struggle to survive as you are unable to work. 19 Worksheet 5: News bulletin Activity 2: Would you leave home? You are a journalist for a newspaper. Your role is to read out one of the news bulletins below to the rest of the group. The rest of the group will take on different characters in the community. They will be asked to make decisions about whether or not to leave home, based on the news. Select one of the two news bulletins below Before the activity take time to read and understand the news During the activity read each part of the news bulletin separately. Allow time for students to decide whether or not they will leave home, based on what they have heard, before you move on to the next part. News bulletin 1: Conflict Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 There has been on-going fighting between two groups in the community. Although fighting remains localized, there have been increasing outbreaks of violence in recent weeks. People are afraid and are staying indoors as much as possible. Some people have temporarily moved to other parts of the country to stay with family or friends. Fighting is becoming increasingly widespread. The army has been sent on to the streets to keep order. The authorities have advised civilians against going to certain parts of the country. Some hospitals and schools have closed down due to staff shortages, as doctors and teachers are moving away to other parts of the country where it is safer. In recent weeks the unrest seems to be under control and gradually more people are venturing outside. The marketplace last weekend was busier than it’s been for months. Some people who moved away are gradually returning home. However others feel the situation remains unsafe. Last night there was a large explosion in the capital and the causes of this are still unclear. Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 People living in our small farming village are facing increasing poverty. Economic instability as well as crop failure year after year has hit the community hard. Other than farming, there are very few jobs. Many young people are moving away to find jobs elsewhere. Several of the people who have found work aboard are writing home that they are making more money than they would at home. The economy of the country is undergoing a prolonged downturn and many fear the situation will not improve in the short term. Basic goods are becoming increasingly expensive. The future looks bleak as many young people and skilled professionals move away in search of better fortunes elsewhere, often leaving behind young children and the elderly. Some people from the village who have found work abroad are sending money back and this is providing vital support to their families. After months of hardship, the first signs of economic recovery are on the horizon. Where shops a few months ago were all closed in the main square, new businesses are appearing. Some people who made money aboard and have now returned home. They have invested in a new college, the graduates of which it is hoped will bring new life to the village. News bulletin 2: Poverty Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? 20 Worksheet 6: Development factors Complete the following tasks in your group Discuss what is happening in your country around each of the eight factors. Activity 4: What are the Millennium Development Goals? Allocate one development factor to each person in your group. Each person will act as a leader from their country and represent their country’s interests at global development talks. Development factors Maternal and child health Education Food and water HIV and AIDS International relations Economy Environment Gender Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? 21 Worksheet 7: Country profiles Activity 4: What are the Millennium Development Goals? Country 1 Country 2 Education All children can access primary education. Education About 90 per cent of children can access primary education. Maternal and child health A very low number, four out of every 1000 children born, die before the age of five. Seven women die in childbirth of every 100,000 births. Maternal and child health About 20 out of every 1000 children born, die before the age of five. About 100 women die in childbirth of every 100,000 births. Economy There are very few people living on less than $1.25 per day. Economy About seven per cent of the population is living on less than $1.25 per day. Environment The country has rich biodiversity and low pollution. Gender Girls are as likely as boys to access primary education. Women are as likely as men to be in employment. International relations The country donates about $4 billion every year to support development in other countries. Food and water Most people have access to safe drinking water. Very few children under the age of five are underweight. HIV and AIDS 4000 people are living with HIV. Environment The country has rich biodiversity. There is high pollution and rapid deforestation. Gender Girls are less likely than boys to access primary education. Women are also less likely than men to be in employment. International relations The country receives about $400 million from other countries to support development. Food and water About 80 per cent of people have access to safe drinking water. Very few children under the age of five are underweight. HIV and AIDS 600,000 people are living with HIV. Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? Disclaimer: The country profiles are fictional and are not intended to be representative of any one specific country. Country 3 Education About 80 per cent of children can access primary education. Maternal and child health 200 out of every 1000 children born, die before the age of five. About 900 women die in childbirth of every 100,000 births. Economy About 40 per cent of the population is living on less than $1.25 per day. Environment The country has low biodiversity and high pollution. Gender Girls are much less likely than boys to access primary education. Women are much less likely than men to be in employment. International relations The country receives about $900 million from other countries to support development. Food and water About half the population of the country have access to safe drinking water. One in three children under the age of five are underweight. HIV and AIDS 80,000 people are living with HIV. 22 Worksheet 7: Country profiles Activity 4: What are the Millennium Development Goals? Country 4 Country 5 Education All children can access primary education. Education Most children can access primary education. Maternal and child health A very low number, five out of every 1000 children born, die before the age of five. Two women die in childbirth of every 100,000 births. Maternal and child health 20 out of every 1000 children born, die before the age of five. Forty women die in childbirth of every 100,000 births. Economy There are very few people living on less than $1.25 per day. Economy One in ten people are living on less than $1.25 per day. Environment The country has rich biodiversity. Rapid development is damaging the environment. Environment The country has rich biodiversity. Rapid development however is damaging the environment. There is very high pollution. Gender Girls are slightly likely than boys to access primary education. Women are slightly less likely than men to be in employment. International relations The country donates about $500 thousand to support development in other countries. Food and water Most people have access to safe drinking water. Very few children under the age of five are underweight. HIV and AIDS 8000 people are living with HIV. Gender Girls are less likely than boys to access primary education. Women are also less likely than men to be in employment. International relations The country receives about $1 billion from other countries to support its development. The country also donates about $25 billion to support development in other countries. Food and water About 80 per cent of the population have access to safe drinking water. About one in ten children under the age of five are underweight. HIV and AIDS 740,000 people are living with HIV. Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? Disclaimer: The country profiles are fictional and are not intended to be representative of any one specific country. Country 6 Education All children can access primary education. Maternal and child health 15 out of every 1000 children born, die before the age of five. Forty women die in childbirth of every 100,000 births. Economy One in ten people are living on less than $1.25 per day. Environment The country has rich biodiversity and low pollution. There is high deforestation. Gender Girls are less likely than boys to access education. Women are also less likely than men to be in employment. International relations The country receives about $700 million from other countries to support its development. Food and water 70 per cent of the population have access to safe drinking water. One in five children under the age of five are underweight. HIV and AIDS 2000 people are living with HIV. 23 Worksheet 8: The millennium development goals Activity 4: What are the Millennium Development Goals? The UN Millennium Declaration was made in September 2000. This represented the largest gathering of world leaders in history. They adopted the Millennium Development Goals. These are a set of targets to reduce extreme poverty by 2015. The Millennium Development Goals 1. To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 2. To achieve universal primary education 3. To promote gender equality and empower women. 4. To reduce child mortality. Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? 5. To improve maternal health. 6. To combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases. 7. To ensure environmental sustainability. 8. To develop a global partnership for development 24 Worksheet 9: Take action on migration! Take action! Inspire me! Inspire me! Research the history of migration in your Home Sweet Home drama Lost and found What did they do? What did they do? A group of young people invited a refugee, Nicky, to speak about her experiences and feelings of leaving home and travelling to a new life in a new place. A group of young people, some with migrant backgrounds, used a photo booth in the middle of a busy street. They took photos of themselves holding up cards with words of things, people and places they would miss if they had to leave home. family, community or country. Create a display to raise awareness of how migration has shaped your history. Think about what you would be lost without if you had to leave home and what positive things you think you would find in your new home. This could be things, people, places or memories. Make a creative display to raise awareness of migration. Watch the Positive Images film 1: Used what they learnt to created a powerful drama with songs and imagery exploring how it feels as a refugee arriving in a different country. They performed the drama at a local festival in front of 500 people. What did they say? They then took photos of positive things they had found in their homes. They encouraged passers by to join in. The photos were displayed at a local festival to raise awareness about migration. “The group created a story of hope, strength and courage. It was beyond brilliant!” Nicky Why do people migrate? or research stories of other people who have migrated. Create an imaginary diary, story, song or play to raise awareness about their experiences. Julian Hamilton Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? 25 Worksheet 10: Take action on poverty and the MDGs! Take action! Research how your country or the Inspire me! Research poverty and development in Creative banner on development European Union is helping to achieve this your own country or the European Union. What did they do? Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). How is poverty and development defined Select one of the MDGs and find out what and measured? How does your country progress has been made in one or two compare to other countries? Select one different countries. Use what you have aspect of development and find out what learnt to raise awareness to other young different organisations are doing to support A group of young people from Glasgow University’s Student Action for Refugees (STAR) engaged young people from refugee backgrounds in creative activities to produce a wall display exploring development issues. The young people delivered a large textile print banner creative workshop with fourteen young people from refugee backgrounds. people about the MDGs and encourage development. Use what you have learnt to them to contribute towards achievement of raise awareness to other young people and the MDGs. encourage them to support development. Useful links: www.un.org/millenniumgoals/ http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/what/milleniumdevelopment-goals/index_en.htm Useful links: http://hdr.undp.org/en/countries/ http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp? catId=751&langId=en www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/health/water-andsanitation/un-millennium-development-goals/ Positive Images Toolkit. Educator’s guide – Theme 1: Why do people migrate? 26