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2
A Tour of C++: The Basics
The first thing we do, let's
kill all the language lawyers.
- Henry VI, Part II
•
•
•
•
•
•
2.1
Introduction
The Basics
Hello, World!; Types, Variables, and Arithmetic; Constants; Tests and Loops; Pointers,
Arrays, and Loops
User-Defined Types
Structures; Classes; Enumerations
Modularity
Separate Compilation; Namespaces; Error Handling
Postscript
Advice
Introduction
The aim of this chapter and the next three is to give you an idea of what C++ is, without going into
a lot of details. This chapter informally presents the notation of C++, C++'s model of memory and
computation, and the basic mechanisms for organizing code into a program. These are the language facilities supporting the styles most often seen in C and sometimes called procedural programming. Chapter 3 follows up by presenting C++'s abstraction mechanisms. Chapter 4 and
Chapter 5 give examples of standard-library facilities.
The assumption is that you have programmed before. If not, please consider reading a textbook, such as Programming: Principles and Practice Using C++ [Stroustrup,2009], before continuing here. Even if you have programmed before, the language you used or the applications you
wrote may be very different from the style of C++ presented here. If you find this ''lightning tour''
confusing, skip to the more systematic presentation starting in Chapter 6.