Volume 4; Issue 5
May 27, 2004
Welcome to PuroNews™
We strive to make this newsletter of high interest to our readers and welcome any feedback or
suggested articles and topics for inclusion in future editions. Please email us at
gschreiber@puroliteusa.com
UPCOMING EVENTS
June 3-6, 2004 Water Asia 2004, Bangkok, Thailand PH: 1-662-642-6911
June 4-5, 2004 Missouri WQA Summer Meeting, Branson, MO PH: 1-636-629-5529
June 10&11, 2004 Great Lakes WQA Convention, East Lansing, MI PH: 1-517-487-6840.
June 13-17, 2004 AWWA Annual Conference & Exhibition, Orlando, FL PH: 1-800-9267337
June 24-26, 2004 Florida WQA Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL PH: 1-863-688-6286
July 4-7, 2004 IEX-2004, University of Cambridge, U.K. PH: 44-(0)20-7598-1563
THE LATEST IN ION EXCHANGE RESIN TECHNOLOGY:
PUROLITE developed and made commercially available the latest
innovation in ion exchange resin manufacturing technology. It is called
SHALLOW SHELL TECHNOLOGY (SST) resin. It was first made available
as a softening resin called SST-60 in 1998. This resin offers many
advantages over standard softening resins. These will be discussed
below. First, how it is different and how it works:
SST-60 physically, to the naked eye, looks the same as standard
softening resin. It has the same distribution of bead sizes as standard
resin. It softens water. That is where the similarity ends. Standard
softening resin beads are fully functionalized. That is there are ion
exchange sites throughout the entirety of each bead. SST beads have ion
exchange sites on the outer shell of the bead and the remaining inner core
of the bead is inert with no ion exchange sites. The concept is that the
regeneration brine does not have to penetrate fully into the bead nor does
ion exchange occur in the inner inert core of the bead. This means that the
kinetics of the SST resin bead is very fast. It also means that SST resin
offers greater capacity at lower salt doses and greater per pound of salt
efficiencies for softening. When you look at both SST resin beads and
standard resin beads under a microscope you can see the difference. The
inner inert core of the SST resin beads have a distinct inner circle that
distinguishes the inert core. You can go to our website at
http://www.puroliteusa.com/ and see the microscopic photos of both
beads. Just click on the SST-60 icon on the lower right hand side of the
home page. That will also bring you to the complete Technical Data Sheet
for SST-60.
Your first thought is likely that SST resin has less ion exchange sites
so it has less capacity. NOT SO! It does have fewer ion exchange sites,
but, those fewer ion exchange sites are more recoverable than those more
ion exchange sites on standard resin. SST-60 has ~6% fewer functional
sites than does standard resin. This because the bead is functionalized to
94% of the volume of the SST-60 bead. You'll remember in your training
and learning that after the first service run of standard resin you are never
able to recover all of the exchange sites. Here, we talk about OPERATING
CAPACITY (OC) vs TOTAL EQUIVALENT CAPACITY (TEC). TEC is the
capacity of new resin prior to its first service run. OC is the capacity of the
resin after the first service run. OC is based on Salt Dose, Feed Water
Analysis and numerous other factors. With standard resin the OC can be
50-55% of the TEC. SST-60 OC is 60-70% of it's TEC. The reason for this is
"faster kinetics" therefore greater access to the functional groups on the
resin. The net result is higher OC at a given regeneration setting (salt
dose) or greater efficiency (more grains capacity per lb. of regenerant).
This also means that Hardness Leakage from SST-60 resin is much lower.
This because there is much lower hardness accumulation within the resin
after regeneration. All of this is due to the superior regeneration kinetics of
SST-60 resin.
In addition to SST for softening PUROLITE also offers SST60H for
Deionization:
As many of you already know, SST60 has been very successful for water
softening. PUROLITE has also developed and made commercially
available the Hydrogen form version called SST60H. This resin is best
applied in Portable Exchange DI Units and in Automatic Deionizers. The
basics of SST discussed in the previous issue apply with the exception of
reduced regenerant requirements. The regenerants are Hydrochloric Acid
(HCl) or Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4). The reduction in regenerants is not as
dramatic as it is with SST60 Sodium form, however it does cause a
dramatic increase in throughput due to very low Sodium leakage. This is
due to the very fast kinetics of regeneration causing a more complete
regeneration and because the Sodium leakage is lower there is more
capacity gained from the Anion resin following the Cation unit. or in a
Mixed Bed configuration with Cation and Anion Mixed. You can find more
information on our web site at http://www.puroliteusa.com/ by going to the
LIBRARY and selecting the topics involving SST. We are not yet
recommending SST60H for Low TOC Ultrapure Water applications. All
other data at our web site is applicable.
We have 2 known applications where field use of SST60H are proving its
performance:
SAMOA Pacific - Has 2 x 450 gpm co-current cation units with 283
cubic feet of SST60H in one system and Sybron C267 in the other on a side
by side operation. Both have been running for over a year. Both are
regenerated with 7 lbs/ft of 93% H2SO4 (2 steps). Feed water Cations are
Ca at 33 ppm, Mg at 14 ppm and Na at 11 ppm with HCO3 Alkalinity at 42
ppm. The average run for the SST60H system is 595,000 gallons and for
the C267 system it is 455,000 gallons. Regeneration is obviously based on
conductivity break after the anion units. This increased throughput shows
annual regeneration savings to this customer of $26,988 in acid and
$34,833 in caustic.
A CHEMICAL PLANT - Has 2 - 130 cubic feet two bed DI systems
operating on a side by side basis. One has SST60H and the other C100H.
To a 100,000 ohm resistivity end point the SST60H system is producing
198,000 gallons and the C100H system is producing 187,000 gallons. To a
200,000 ohm end point the SST60H system is producing 174,000 gallons
and the C100H system is only producing 24,000 gallons. Most interesting
is that to a 500,000 ohm end point the SST60H systems is producing 82,000
gallons but the C100H system does not reach that high of an end point.
Reduced Sodium leakage from the Cation vessel translates to a lower TDS
effluent from the Anion vessel with a more neutral pH and longer runs due
to the higher capacity, lower leakage and reduced regeneration water
requirements.
We are seeing the following Sodium Leakage examples:
SULFURIC ACID REGENERATION - 500 ppm Na, 170 ppm Ca at 10 lbs/cf SST60H: 1.5% total Cations
Standard
Cation: 4.5% total Cations
500 ppm Na, 420 ppm Ca at 10 lbs/cf SST60H: 0.26% total Cations
Standard
Cation: 2.8% total Cations
HYDROCHLORIC ACID REGENERATION - 500 ppm Na, 200 ppm Ca at 6
lbs/cf - SST60H: 0.05% total Cations
Standard
Cation: 0.45% total Cations
60 ppm Na, 140 ppm Ca at 6 lbs/cf SST60H: 0.05% total Cations
Standard
Cation: 0.91% total Cations
The key to all of this is the LOWER SODIUM LEAKAGE. Shallow Shell
Technology (SST) means the shorter the diffusion path, the more rapid the
ion exchange occurs. This is particularly important during regeneration.
Reducing the depth of penetration required to cleanse the resin allows for a
more complete regeneration and a higher, more efficient utilization of the
regenerant. The resulting increased gallons throughput means fewer
regenerations.
In addition, the other SST benefits of BETTER IRON REMOVAL, NO
EQUIPMENT MODIFICATIONS NEEDED, SUPERIOR PHYSICAL STRENGTH
AND MORE RESISTANCE TO OXIDATION apply to both Portable Exchange
and Automatic DI systems.
IN SUMMARY:
SST-60 is a resin that is easier is to regenerate, has higher capacity (more
hardness removed per volume of resin in softener service and lower
Sodium leakage, as well as higher gallons throughput in DI service ), has
lower Hardness leakage in softener service and lower Sodium leakage in DI
service , has higher salt efficiency in softener service and significant dollar
savings to your customers. In PE DI Service SST60H results in longer resin
life for you and lower costs, due to increased throughput, for you
customers. SST-60 can offer a payback of it premium cost usually in less
than one year and as little as 2 months. This SHALLOW SHELL/SALT
SAVING TECHNOLOGY resin concept represents the first significant
improvement in ion exchange softening resin design in over 50 years. It
may not be necessary in every softening or DI application but does have a
place in many softening and DI applications. Visit our web site at
http://www.puroliteusa.com/ for more information on SST. Contact myself
or your Regional PUROLITE Distributor or Sales Representative for pricing
for SST-60 and SST60H.
4 MORE THINGS FOUND IN THE COURTS IN "DISORDER IN THE COURT".
Things people said in court:
1. Q: Do you know if your daughter has ever been involved in voodoo or
the occult?
A: We both do.
Q: Voodoo?
A: We do.
Q: You do?
A: Yes, voodoo.
2. Q: The youngest son, the twenty-year old, how old is he?
3. Q: All your responses must be oral, OK? What school did you go to?
A: Oral.
4. Q: Do you recall the time that you examined the body?
A: The autopsy started around 8:30 p.m.
Q: And Mr. Dennington was dead at the time?
A: No, he was sitting on the table wondering why I was doing an
autopsy on him.
This ends this issue of PuroNews™. If you know of anyone who does not
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who have done that.
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GARY SCHREIBER, CWS VI
The Purolite Company
CONTACT INFO:
Schreiber Phone: 1-800-834-8784 or 1-507-448-3560
Schreiber FAX: 1-507-448-3508
Schreiber CELL: 1-507-271-6866
Purolite USA Phone: 1-800-343-1500 or 1-610-668-9090
Purolite USA Email: gschreiber@puroliteusa.com
Purolite Global Web Site: www.purolite.com .
Visit these sites to get more answers to your resin application questions.
Purolite International Email: info.uk@purolite.com
Purolite International Phone: +44 1443 229334
Just Ask Purolite.