Special Instructions:
Put your name on the exam.
Please check to ensure that you have all the pages in this exam.
Read each question carefully prior to answering.
Show full solutions where asked.
This exam constitutes only one part of your final evaluation. The culminating performance task makes up the rest of the
Thinking portion of the final evaluation.
K/U = Knowledge and Understanding
T = Thinking
Category Legend
APP = Application
COM = Communication
Exam Question
Section Type
PART A
Multiple Choice
PART B
Fill in the Blanks
PART C
Matching
PART D
Short Answer
PART E
Diagrams
TOTAL
K/U
40
15
55
7
T
Exam Mark Table
Marks/Category
APP COM Total Marks
40
15
15
7
46
46
15
4
23
42
57
23
150
Suggested
Time (min.)
25
10
10
60
15
120
1. Name and describe the Kingdoms.
2. The characteristic that best helps define an organism as a member of a particular species is which of the following?
3. Which of the following statements concerning viruses and human health is false?
4. A bacterial colony that is observed to survive and reproduce only when no oxygen is around would be classified as which of the following?
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of a member of the kingdom Protista?
6. Fungi are vital to other organisms and the proper functioning of ecosystems through their role as which of the following?
7. Which of the following human diseases is caused by a fungus?
8. Which of the following is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom?
9. Fungi are vital to other organisms and to the proper functioning of ecosystems through their role as which of the following?
10. Which type of Archaea love salty environments?
11. The age of the earth is estimated to be approximately:
12. Which of the following scientists was associated with forming the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?
13. The term genetic drift is defined as:
14. The three chambered heart appears in which of the following groups?

15. Following mitosis it is observed that of the two newly formed daughter cells, one has an extra chromosome, and the other has a deficiency of one chromosome. This problem probably occurred during:
16. What is the sequence of the following events that occur in meiosis?
17. The longest part of the cell cycle in a normal cell is:
18. T he term ‘phenotype’ may be described as:
19. The DNA backbone consists of:
20. The end products of human oogenesis include:
21. A gene exists in two different forms (A and a). With respect to the allele present, which type of allele can a homozygous recessive individual produce?
22. Two parents were known to be right-handed. Assuming that right-handed (R) is dominant to left-handed (r), what would be the genotypes of the parents if their son is left-handed?
23. To determine if an organism with a dominant phenotype is heterozygous, the organism should be mated to an individual that is:
24. In the cross of Tt x Tt, the proportion of the offspring that will have the same genotype as the parents is:
25. A woman with blood type A has a chil d with blood type O. What is the woman’s genotype?
26. DNA is composed of repeating subunits called
27. A nucleotide is composed of
28. The DNA double helix structure was first described by
29. DNA which is formed when fragments from two or more different organisms are spliced together is called:
30. A small ring of genetic material is called a:
31. cytosine is always paired up with:
32. Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between pH and enzyme activity?
33. Which of the following is true of arteries?
34. Which of the following is a function of the liver?
35. Which of the following is a function of saliva?
36. Which of the following enzymes chemically breaks down Carbohydrates:
37. Which of the following are components of the human respiratory system?
38. Which of the following is true with respect to the mammalian heart?
39. Which of the following is considered bad cholesterol?
40. When patients have their gallbladders removed, they should initially be placed on a diet that is low in the which of the following?
41. Which of the following correctly outlines the pathway that is followed by a red blood cell that first enters the heart at the vena cava?
42. Which of the following outlines the path of air during inspiration?
43. Leukocytes are knowns as ________ and perform this function:
44. The first heart beat sound is heard when
45. Which of the following are functions of the villi found in the small intestine?
46. The series of involuntary muscles contractions by which food moves through the digestive tract is called
47. The duodenum is part of the
48. The release of food from the stomach to the small intestine is controlled by
49. The largest artery in the human body is the
50. What is the most distinguishing feature of the plant kingdom?
51. The part of the plant that is above ground is called the:
52. What is four components are required for photosynthesis to take place?
53. The region of cell division occurring at the tip of the root or stem is called the:
54. The main difference between primary and secondary growth is:
55. Photosynthetic cells of the leaves obtain water from:
56. A row of cells lined up end to end with perforations in the end walls that conduct water efficiently are called:
57. If a plant’s leaves lost their waxy cuticle through the action of an air pollutant, the major danger to the plant is:
58. Primary succession usually start with what types of organisms?
59. In a cross section of a dicot stem, the center primarily consists of:
60. Photosynthesis occurs in the:
61. The stomata are responsible for:

62. The science of classifying organisms is called taxidermy.
63. Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are the most primitive organisms in the six-kingdom system.
64. Some tests performed at your doctor's office come back indicating that you have "strep throat." This means that the bacteria infecting you occur in clumps.
65. Fungi were once classified as members of the plant kingdom.
66. In a lichen, the symbiotic partner to a fungus is the root of a plant.
67. One of the differences between plants and fungi is that plants have chitin in their cell walls and fungi have cellulose.
68. All cnidarians are radially symmetrical.
69. Members of the phylum echinodermata are bilaterally symmetrical.
70. By species, chordates make up the majority of known animal species.
71. Gram positive bacteria stain violet/purple with crystal violet.
72. Most digestive enzymes are not found in the stomach.
73. In order for gas exchange to take place in the alveoli of the lungs, the gases must be dissolved.
74. The most important site for the absorption of nutrients is the large intestine.
75. Bicarbonate neutralizes the hydrochloric acid released from the stomach into the small intestine..
76. The pleural membrane is a thin membrane covering the outer surface of the lung.
77. The larynx is the space at he back of the throat where the oral cavity, esophagus, trachea, and nasal cavity all meet.
78. Bronchitis occurs when the lungs begin to fill up with fluids and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or chemical irritants.
79. Hummingbirds and monarch butterflies both have wings. This is considered to be an example of analogous structures.
80. There are a great variety of breeds of dogs. This is considered to be an example of natural selection.
81. The wings of a bat, the arm of a man, and the flipper of a whale all have a similar number of bones and a similar structure. This is considered to be an example of parallel adaptation.
82. The allopatric speciation model requires that groups of individuals in separate populations develop behavioural traits that allow them to interbreed.
83. Islands are very important places in which speciation occurs because the populations they contain are spatially isolated from other populations.
84. A species is a group of individuals that are reproductively compatible with each other, but not with individuals from other groups.
85. Australian marsupials show similar body plans to placental mammals. These are examples of homologous structures.
86. Darwin’s finches have a similar body plan, but increasingly different traits. These are examples of adaptive radiation.
87. In the early stages of pregnancy the human embryo has a tail. This is an example of a vestigial structure.
88. A single species may change over time to become another species. This is an example of microevolution.
1. The ________________________ is the valve at the top of the stomach while the ___________________________ is the valve at the bottom of the stomach.
2. Emphysema is a disease of the ________________ system. It causes healthy tissue to be replaced with
_________________ tissue in the affected organ. ( Do not write “unhealthy”)
3. Each alveoli is surround by a _________________ network to allow for increased gas exchange.
4. In a DNA strand, cytosine is always paired with _________________.
5. Cells produced by the _________________________ tissue differentiate into all other plant tissues.
6. _________________________ is the movement of dissolved inorganic and organic materials through a plant by xylem and phloem.
7. The waterproof outer layer of a leaf is called the _______________.
8. Annual plants only live for one year; this means that they would only exhibit _______________ growth
9. Insulin is made in the ____________ and controls how cells uptake glucose.
10. The contraction of the heart muscle is called ___________________ and their relaxation is called
____________________.
11. The paramecium is covered by thousands of hair-like structures called ________________ used in locomotion.
12. The most primitive kingdoms are ____________________ and ____________________.
13. During times of unfavourable environmental conditions, some cells can form dormant.cells known as
____________________.

14. ___________________ was the name of the naturalist who co-presented the theory of how Evolution occurred
with Darwin in 1858.
15. __________________ is the scientific study of fossils.
16. Cells that have a haploid chromosome number are known as _______________.
17. A special chart, referred to as a ___________________ _____________ , helps us to organize the results of a
18. cross between the sex cells of two individuals.
19. The loss of water vapour in plants is called ________________________.
20. James Watson and Francis Crick developed a three-dimensional model of ______.
21. The opening of the trachea is the ___________________.
22. The dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity is known as the
___________________.
23. Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of _______________.
24. The _______________ are specialized teeth used for crushing.
25. The DNA of prokaryotes is not contained within a __________________.
26. The contraction of the heart muscle is called ___________________.
27. A multicellular organism that reproduces by spores and hyphae belongs to the kingdom __________________.
28. The ______________ is valve which separates the right atrium and the right ventricle.
29. During cytokinesis in plant cells, the _________ _________ forms between the two new daughter cells.
30. When humans decide which animals are to be mated together, this is an example of ______________ selection.

(these are short answer questions from past quizzes, tests, assignments and exams)
1. Match the following human diseases with the pathogen that causes it. The same answer can be used more than once. (6 marks)
Human Disease
____ ring worm
____ tooth decay
____ cold sore
____ yeast infection
____ malaria
Pathogen a) bacteria b) virus c) fungus d) protist e) prion
____ mad cow disease
2. Explain the ecologically important role of the plant-like protists.
3. Give three examples of fungi as beneficial and harmful to humans.
4.
What are the two basic body symmetries that are an important characteristic that separates certain animal phyla from others?
5. Using Lamarck’s theory of acquired characteristics, explain why giraffes have long necks.
6. A small population of pygmy mammoth measuring only 2 m in height once lived on a small island off the coast of
California (I am not making this fact up). Biologists believe this is an example of a population that descended from a few large mammoth that reached the island more than 50 000 years ago when sea levels were low and it was close to the mainland. a. Explain how the small founding population, remote location, and natural selection on this island might have each contributed to the formation of this unusual species. b. Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace were inspired to understand evolution by natural selection by studying species on isolated ocean islands. Why are islands more like to have unique species than the mainland?
7. Define the following terms. Be sure to give a good example of each: bottle-neck effect, analogous and homologous structures, sexual dimorphism, sexual section, vestigial structure, punctuated equilibrium, prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms,
altruism,
8.
An organism colonizes a newly formed volcanic island. Name the type of evolutionary genetic drift that is occurring and explain why it can lead to new species.
9. List and explain the Inferences that Darwin’s THEORY OF EVOLUTION is based upon
10. A farmer sprays an insecticide on a field to combat a beetle that is destroying his crops. The first year he uses the spray it works quite well. However, after five years of spraying on a yearly basis, the insecticide does not seem to be effective any longer and the beetles are still present. Explain how this illustrates natural selection.
11. Male moose (called bulls) have large antlers made of bone which they grow each spring. Females (called cows) do not grow any antlers at all but prefer mating with male with larger antlers. a) This is an example of what type of
12. selection? b) Explain how and why this happens.
The ABO blood groups show codominance in the A and B alleles which are both completely dominant over O. In another blood group, the Rh + factor shows complete dominance over Rh . A man who is AB married a woman who is B + (homozygous for B blood type, heterozygous for the Rh + factor). Use a Punnett square and show the complete phenotypes and genotypes that are possible for their children in this dihybrid cross.
13. Investigate the pedigree shown below which shows the blood types of a family. a) Fill in the genotypes for each individual using the standard genotypes symbols (I A , I B , i) b) Identify the adopted individual in the family by drawing a large circle around him or her and then give an explanation why you made the selection.
AB O
A A B O AB B
A O B O O O
O

14. A cross between a black cat and a tan cat produce a tabby pattern (black and tan fur together). a. What type of pattern inheritance is occurring here? (circle one: dominant/recessive, incomplete dominance, codominance, sex-linked, dihybrid cross) b. What would be the genotype and phenotype ratios when a female tan cat is crossed with a male tabby cat? Show all your work
15. Explain what breathing is and compare it to cellular respiration.
16. What the difference between ulcers and heartburn (explain what they are and how to treat them)?
17. Make a chart comparing the functions and physical descriptions between the following organs: a. liver and pancreas d. heart and lungs b. small and large intestines c. esophagus and trachea e. gall bladder and appendix
18. Name the three parts of the small intestine and briefly describe what happens in each part of this organ.
19. Describe the physical processes that cause air to come into and out of the lungs and describe the pressure changes that occur during inhalation and exhalation.
20. Why d on’t the chemicals in your stomach digestive itself? ( 2 reasons )
21. What are the functions of saliva?
22. Name the four components of digestion.
___89. Protect the growing end of roots.
___90. A region of plant cell division
1. ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES
2. HERBACEOUS
___91. An attractive force between like molecules
___92. Responsible for producing the “lubb” sound of a heart beat
___93. Stems that run under the surface of soil
___94. Grow upwards into the air
___95. Deliver deoxygenated blood to the lungs
___96. Thin, waxy leaf coating
___97. A type of a stem that contains little or no woody tissue
___98. Increases the growth of the plants
___99. Prevents the backflow of blood in veins
3. Analogous
4. RHIZOMES
5. Cuticle
6. Meristems
7. Vestigial
8. PULMONARY ARTERIES
9. ERYTHROCYTE
10. Valves
11. Alveoli
___100. Are divided into leaflets
___101. The site where most digestion occurs within the human body
___102. A feature that serves no useful purpose in a living organism.
___103. Air sacs surrounded by capillaries
12. Uracil
13. The island effect
14. Malthus
15. ANGIOSPERMS
___104. Carry deoxygenated blood
___105. Air sacs surrounded by capillaries
___106. Grow from leaf nodes along the stem
___107. A two-part key used to identify living things
16. Abscisic Acid
17. Adhesion
___108. Regulates which dissolved substance can enter the vascular tissue
18. Aerial Roots
19. Cap
20. Cohesion of the roots.
___109. Releases insulin
___110. Supports development of seeds in early stages of growth
___111. Increases the surface area for water absorption
___112. An attractive force between unlike molecules
___113. Enucleated cell within the human body
___114. Contains bacteria which produce vitamin K
___115. Flowering plants
___116. Re-absorption of water
___117. Production of bile to break down fats
___118. Strengthened by cartilage rings
___119. Muscle that separates the left and right half of the heart
___120. RNA base that pairs up with Adenine
___121. Fine hairs that sweep debris out of the respiratory tract
___122. Blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood
___123. Prevents food from entering the trachea
___124. Thought up the theory of Acquired Characteristics
___125. There are limited resources so must struggle to survive.
___126. The first individuals to a new ecosystem
___127. Structures with the same function but different origins
21. Compound leaves
22. Cotyledon
23. Endodermis
24. Pneumatophores
25. Root Hairs
26. Alveoli
27. Lamarck
28. Epiglottis
29. Large intestine
30. Liver
31. Pancreas
32. Pulmonary Arteries
33. Pulmonary Veins
34. Septum
35. Small intestine
36. gall bladder
37. Cilia
38. Duodenum
39. Dichotomous
40. Trachea