Syllabus - Aerospace Engineering Courses page

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Aerospace Engineering 405
Aerospace Structural Design
Credit 3: (3-0)
Spring 2007
Instructor: Walter E. Haisler, Ph.D., P.E., Professor, Aerospace Engineering Dept.
Office: 719C H. R. Bright Building, phone: 845-1640, email: haisler@tamu.edu.
Course Web Page: http://aeweb.tamu.edu/haisler/aero405.
Office Hours: TR 8:30-10:00 am. Additional office hours by appointment (phone or email me, or contact
Karen Knabe 845-5520). In general, I have an open door policy with regard to office hours.
Please note that I have other duties in the Dean of Engineering office, and hence my Office
Hours may occasionally be changed.
TA: Deepak Goyal
Textbook: None. List of reference materials will be distributed to the class (list is also available on the
course web page). Course notes used in the class are available on the course web page, and will usually
be distributed to students.
Course Prerequisites: AERO 306.
Course Description: Overall structural integrity of complete aerospace systems; structures subject to
critical loads; design considerations in aerospace structures.
Course Learning Goals/Objectives: This introductory course will teach you the basics of designing an
aerospace structure using applicable theory, design methodology and computer tools. At the end of this
course, students will be able to:
1. Understand and determine loadings for typical aerospace vehicles; loads paths; understand
aerospace material properties and be able select materials that satisfy design requirements
(including metals and composite materials).
2. Understand two- and three-dimensional finite element theory for structural analysis; understand
the suitability and limitations of classical analysis techniques as well as finite element techniques.
3. Apply a commercial finite element structural analysis code to the design of typical aircraft
components such as a wing or fuselage, both individually and as a member of a team, and be
able to critique and evaluate a finite element model of a structure, and be able to perform tradeoff studies and optimization of a structural design to meet all design requirements,
4. Understand linear plate theory, understand and be able to apply bucking theory to columns, flat
plates and stiffened flat plates; understand and be able to apply composite laminate theory to the
design of laminated flat plates.
5. Synthesize all design requirements, necessary inputs, required theory and appropriate
assumptions in order to solve real aerospace structural design problems in a computer-aided
environment, both individually and as a team member, and present design results in both written
and oral form.
Topics and Hours
Analysis/Design Skills & Topics
References, Tools
1. Basic finite element method (FEM), FEM
A&H, Reddy
analysis/design tools and their use
2. Introduction to ABAQUS,
Software: ABAQUS
application to design of simple and
complex aerospace structures
3. Loads on aerospace structures
Niu, Mathcad, Maple, Matlab, etc.
 aerodynamic loads
Airfoil & finite wing software
 inertial loads
 thermal loads
4. Material properties (mechanical)
Niu, Ashby
allowables, toughness, fatigue,
Sintech and Instron load frames
crack growth, selection procedures
1
Hours
9
3
3
5
5. Plate and shell analysis
6. Composite laminate plate theory
and applications
7. Design of monocoque & semimonocoque
structures (with isotropic and
orthotropic materials)
8. Buckling: flat plates, curved plates
cylinders, honeycomb & foam support
9. Advanced selection of structural materials
(metals, alloys & composites)
Allen & Haisler, Niu, handouts
Jones, Gibson, Reddy, handouts
composite laminate software
Niu
Software: ABAQUS
5
6
Niu, Handouts
Sintech and Instron load frames
Ashby
5
Total Hours
Method of Evaluation. Your grade in this course will be based on the following:
1. Quizzes (15 minutes, approximately 7-10 quizzes)
2. Homework & several design projects (done individually or in teams)
3. Major design project and presentation (as a small team)
4
2
42
25%
35%
40%
Contributions to Professional Component:
1. Senior design elective.
2. Builds on foundation in aerospace structures and materials established in the core subjects.
3. Part of the required engineering topics portion of the curriculum. Helps prepare students for
engineering practice.
4. Prepares students to have knowledge of aerospace structural design, use of engineering tools to
accomplish a design, and working in teams to complete a design project.
Relationship of Objectives to Program Outcomes:
Objectives
Assessment Method
Understand and determine loadings for typical
Homework, midaerospace vehicles; understand aerospace
semester exam, and
material properties and be able select materials
short design projects.
that satisfy design requirements (including
metals and composite materials).
Understand two- and three-dimensional finite
Homework, midelement theory for structural analysis;
semester exam, and
understand the suitability and limitations of
short design projects.
classical analysis techniques as well as finite
element techniques.
Apply a commercial finite element structural
Homework, midanalysis code to the design of typical aircraft
semester exam, short
components such as a wing or fuselage, both
design projects, and
individually and as a member of a team.
major design project.
Understand linear plate theory, understand and
Homework, midbe able to apply bucking theory to columns, flat
semester exam, and
plates and stiffened flat plates; understand and
short design projects.
be able to apply composite laminate theory to
the design of laminated flat plates.
Synthesize all design requirements, necessary
Major team design
inputs, required theory and appropriate
project.
assumptions in order to solve real aerospace
structural design problems in a computer-aided
environment, both individually and as a team
member, and present design results in both
written and oral form.
2
ABET Outcome
3(a), 3(b), Aerospace
Materials and Structures
Program Criteria
3(a), 3(b), 3(e), 3(k),
Aerospace Materials and
Structures Program
Criteria
3(a), 3(b) 3(c), 3(d), 3(e),
3(g), 3(k), Aerospace
Materials and Structures
Program Criteria
3(a), 3(c), 3(e), 3(k),
Aerospace Materials and
Structures Program
Criteria
3(a), 3(b), 3(c), 3(d), 3(e),
3(f), 3(g), 3(k), Aerospace
Materials and Structures
Program Criteria
Attendance Policy, Self-Study, Homework, etc.: Students are expected to attend class! I also expect
you to be on time. Engineers are required to practice “continuous” or “life-long” learning. You might as
well get started on this notion of self-study now! We are going to be covering a lot of material in this class
which will require you to do a lot of self-study, reading of handouts, reading of reference material, learning
how to use software on your own, etc. Note that “Self” means you, not me (the instructor); it means taking
the initiative on your own without anyone telling you. Project due dates will be strictly enforced. No
excuses that you have something else that is due. Project completion by the due date is a part of learning
time management and successful engineering practice.
Strategy for teaching and learning. This course will involve the introduction of a number of topics as
listed below. I will provide brief introductions to the material in class, refer you to reference material, and
provide handouts as appropriate. However, since you are a senior aerospace engineering student about
to become a practicing engineer, I expect you spend considerable out-of-class time becoming familiar with
the subject so that you can apply the theory, skills, etc. with suitable proficiency. I will not be assigning
"make work" homework assignments for the sake of drilling you; rather, I expect you to take the initiative
to do what ever reading, review of previous course material, practice drill, consultation with me, TA and
other faculty, etc. that is required for you to learn the material. This is particularly important in areas that
involve obtaining inputs, methodology, etc. to a design problem that are outside the traditional purview of
"structures," e.g., aerodynamic loads, materials, stability and control, propulsion, integrated design, etc.
Self-study and self-initiative are also important in learning to use tools like ABAQUS, and others; i.e., you
must take the time to learn and practice with the tools if you expect to use them effectively in a design
process. This is part of developing life-long learning skills and surviving in the real engineering world.
Attendance, Self-Study, Homework & Projects, Exams:
I expect you to take the opportunity to learn in this class. A part of learning is class attendance, outside
reading, studying, doing homework, asking questions, and working in teams.
 Teams - The class will be divided into teams of 2-4 engineers.
 Attendance - Your attendance is warranted and expected. I also expect you to be on time. You
can’t get much out of a class if you don’t attend! I realize that many of you have certain
commitments to wind tunnel or flight testing schedules connected with AERO 402 which may
conflict with this and other classes - these are inevitable and we can work around some of that.
However, skipping AERO 405 or any other class in order to work on AERO 402, or any another
class, is absolutely not acceptable. Don't believe me? - ask Carlson, Lund, Valasek or any of the
other faculty.
 Self-Study – Engineers are required to practice “continuous” or “life-long” learning. You might as
well get started on this notion of self-study now! We are going to be covering a lot of material in this
class which will require you to do a lot of self-study, reading of handouts, reading of reference
material, lerning how to use software on your own, etc. Note that “Self” means you, not me (the
instructor); it means taking the initiative on your own without anyone telling you. As I stated, you
might as well get used to this notion of self-study now because your Boss is going to expect
this behaviour, and it is imperative to your future success.
 Homework & Projects - Projects (individual or as a team) will relate to the design and analysis of an
aerospace structure (i.e., a wing, fuselage structure, or some structural component). You learn a lot
more by “practicing” something as opposed to just reading, seeing or hearing it! Project due dates
will be strictly inforced. No excuses that you have something else that is due. Project completion by
the due date is a part of learning time management and successful engineering practice. In other
words, Late homework and projects will be penalized 25% per day.
 Major Project - Since the major project will span over perhaps half the semester, successful
completion will require careful planning, time management, team participation, etc. THE MAJOR
PROJECT WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED LATE.
 Quizzes - Closed book, unannounced, one quiz about every 3-5 class periods, 15-20 minutes
length.
3
Office Hours:
 My office is generally open to students;
however, please try to observe my
office hours. Would you seriously think
about going to see your doctor at a
time he/she was not expecting you, or
when you did not have an
appointment? I doubt it. Walking into
my office and asking “are you busy?” is
a pretty dumb question!
 If you make an appointment, please
keep it. If you cannot keep an
appointment, please notify me ASAP.
How many of you would miss your
doctor’s appointment? Think about it.
 I use email a lot and will try to answer
your questions as promptly as I can.
But, please, please, don’t use email as
a substitute for one-on-one, eyeball-toeyeball interaction; seeing you face-toface is much more effective as a
teaching/learning process.
Email Addresses: In order for me to easily communicate with you at times other than our class time, I
need for each of you to have a valid TAMU email address.
1) Your neo email account is considered the official communication line for university
business.
2) I will use the bulk email function in neo to email the entire class when necessary. This can
happen when several students are having trouble with an assignment, or with running the FEM
code, or I failed to give you a critical piece of information, etc., then I will email the entire class so
that you have information as soon as possible, and we don’t have to wait until the next class
period to get important imformation.
3) Check your neo email once a day or so. Alternately, you can have neo forward your email to
another account of your choice (aol, yahoo, msn, etc.)
Reference Material:
General
Introduction to Aerospace Structural Analysis, David H. Allen and Walter E. Haisler, McGraw-Hill.
Airframe Structural Design, Michael C. Y. Niu, Hong Kong Conmilit Press LTD, Second Edition,
January 1999.
Airframe Stress Analysis and Design, Michael C. Y. Niu, Hong Kong Conmilit Press LTD, Second
Edition, January 1999.
Airplane Design, 8 volume series, Jan Roskam, University of Kansas.
Analysis & Design of Flight Vehicle Structures, E. F. Bruhn, Tri-State Offset Company.
Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain, Warren C. Young and Raymond J. Roark, 6th Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 1989.
Composite Materials
Mechanics of Composite Materials, Robert M. Jones, McGraw-Hill, 1975.
Principles of Composite Material Mechanics, Ronald F. Gibson, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Practical Analysis of Laminated Composite Structures, J.N. Reddy and A. Miravete, CRC Press,
1995.
Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminates, O.O. Ochoa and J.N. Reddy, Klewer Academic
Publishers, 1992.
Composite Airframe Structures, Michael C. Y. Niu, Hong Kong Conmilit Press LTD, Second
Edition, 1993.
4
Fracuture Mechanics
Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, R.W. Hertzberg, Wiley, 1976.
Materials Selection
Materials Selection in Mechanical Design, Michael F. Ashby, Butterworth Hinemann, Second
Edition, 1999.
FEM Theory/Analysis and Pre/Post ProcessingSoftware
An Introduction to the Finite element Method, J.N. Reddy, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill, 1993.
+ scads of other FEM books dealing with theory and application
ABAQUS Software and examples
FEMAP & CAEFEM Software and examples
FEMAP and NxNastran Software and examples
Other Engineering Tools
Airfoil and finite wing analysis software
Composite laminate analysis software
Math & Programming Software Tools
Maple, MatLab, Mathcad, EES, Fortran
Notices:
Americans with Disabilities Act. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal
antidiscrimination statute that provides comprehensive civil rights protection for persons with disabilities.
Among other things, this legislation requires that all students with disabilities be guaranteed a learning
environment that provides for reasonable accommodation of their disabilities. If you believe you have a
disability requiring an accommodation, please contact the Department of Student Life, Services for
Students with Disabilities in Room 126 of the Koldus Building, or call 845-1637.
Copyrights. The handouts used in this course are copyrighted. By "handouts" we mean all materials
generated for this class, which include but are not limited to syllabi, lab problems, in-class materials,
courses handouts and other materials stored on the instructor’s web pages, review sheets, additional
problem sets, or in any other form. Because these materials are copyrighted, you do not have the right to
copy the handouts, unless the author expressly grants permission.
Scholastic Dishonesty. As commonly defined, plagiarism consists of passing off as one's own the
ideas, work, writings, etc., that belong to another. In accordance with this definition, you are committing
plagiarism if you copy the work of another person and turn it in as your own, even if you have the
permission of that person. Plagiarism is one of the worst academic sins, for the plagiarist destroys the
trust among colleagues without which research cannot be safely communicated. If you have questions
regarding plagiarism, please consult the latest issue of the Texas A&M University Student Rules
[http://student-rules.tamu.edu/], under the section "Scholastic Dishonesty."
SOME THOUGHTS FROM THE INSTRUCTOR (on learning and life):
I cannot teach you everything or show you the solution to every
problem in the world; therefore, you must learn the basic principles
and procedures and not solutions to specific problems.
Taking responsibility for your own actions, words and station-in-life
allows you (forces you) to grow as a person.
5
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