H014-012
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MIDDLE EAST
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Name: _______________________________________________________
Review: "Test Preparation" MIDDLE EAST
DATE: MON. 2 JUNE 2014
Global History 2 H
1. The Ten Commandments and Five Pillars of Wisdom are similar in that they
1. established a class structure for society
3. consist of prayers for salvation
2. are guidelines for living
4. promise a happy and easy life
2. Which has been a major goal of both the Zionists and the Palestinian Arabs in the Middle East?
1. to unite the Middle East under their religion
3. to become leaders in the world economy
2. to improve their relations with the Soviet Union
4. to have their own independent country
3. Many Muslims live in Egypt, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Indonesia. Based on this information, which conclusion is valid?
1. Most Muslims tend to support repressive governments.
2. Islam is practiced by people of many different cultures.
3. Most Muslims live in areas that are sparsely populated.
4. Islamic nations produce surplus food for export.
4. The main cause of the Arab-Israeli conflicts from 1948 to 1973 was the clash between
1. Islamic fundamentalism and Orthodox Judaism
2. Arab socialism and Israeli capitalism
3. Arab nationalism and Jewish nationalism
4. Israeli technology and Saudi-Arabian economic goals
5. The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran was a reaction to the failure of Shah Reza Pahlevi to
1. modernize the nation's economy
2. meet the social and political needs of the people
3. establish political ties with Western nations
4. supply the military with advanced weapons technology
6. During the 1980s, the governments of Libya and Iran were similar in that both were linked to
1. efforts to separate religion and politics
2. advocates of judicial reform
3. incidents of international terrorism
4. promotion of democratic principles in Third World nations
7. The Middle East's designation as a "cultural crossroads" developed primarily as a result of the region's
1. technological achievements
3. geographic location
2. political stability
4. religious unity
8. A major cause of the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1979 was the concern by Islamic leaders that
1. traditional values were being undermined by Western ideas
2. women were being denied political rights
3. Israel had lost its influence in the Middle East
4. religious leaders were becoming too powerful
9. The Persian Gulf, the Straits of Hormuz, and the Suez Canal are strategically important because they are
1. under the control of Communist nations
2. at the center of the world's major illegal drug trade
3. the cause of friction between Israel and its Arab neighbors
4. trade routes for petroleum exports to nations around the world
10. The overthrow of the Shah of Iran in 1979 resulted in a
1. Communist government allied with the Soviet Union
2. monarchy opposed to constitutional changes
3. government run by Islamic fundamentalist leaders
4. government influenced by Iraq and Syria
11. Since independence in 1948, the major objective of the foreign policy of Israel has been to
1. maintain territorial security
3. receive military aid from the United Nations
2. mechanize its farms
4. sign a peace treaty with Libya
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12. Geographic diversity in the Middle East has contributed to
1. unequal standards of living
3. a common economic system
2. similar political systems
4. military alliances with Japan
13. Which factor has contributed most to the social and cultural identity of the Middle East?
1. political stability of the region
3. ability of the region to export oil
2. lack of foreign involvement in the region
4. strong influence of Islam on the region
14. Israel is a country that has
1. an abundance of oil
2. Islam as its official religion
3. a democratically elected government
4. friendly ties to Jordan
15. In 1979, the signing of the Camp David accords by Egypt and Israel indicated that
1. nationalism was no longer a force in Middle Eastern politics
2. the differences between Shi’ite and Sunni Muslims had been settled
3. former enemies were able to negotiate
4. the Soviet Union dominated Middle Eastern affairs
16. During the 1980s, the economic development of Iran and Iraq was disrupted because of
1. increased emphasis on agricultural production for export
2. the war fought between these nations
3. Communist revolutionary movements in these nations
4. severe drought and famine in the area
17. A major factor that continues to contribute to terrorist activities in the Middle East is
1. a decrease in crude oil prices on the world market
2. the Palestinian effort to establish a homeland
3. the presence of United Nations forces in Syria
4. the worldwide rejection of violence as a means to end conflict
18. The Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, and the Straits of the Dardanelles are similar because they
1. are strategic waterways that have been the center of conflicts
2. were part of the French colonial empire
3. are located in regions that are rich in natural resources
4. were built during the time of the Roman Empire
19. Judaism and Christianity are similar because they
1. base their beliefs on the Koran
2. are monotheistic
3. stress belief in reincarnation
4. promote the practice of polygamy
20. A characteristic of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
1. creation of democratic governments
2. increased participation of women in government
3. restriction of trade and commerce
4. tolerance of other religions and cultures
21. Which development was an important contribution of Muslim culture to civilization?
1. equal distribution of land
3. adoption of a polytheistic religion
2. advances in sciences and mathematics
4. the principle of the separation of church and state
22. During the 20th century, a major Middle Eastern problem has been the
1. conflict between traditional culture and the push for modernization
2. refusal of industrialized nations to sell weapons to Middle Eastern nations
3. decreasing birth rates in rural villages
4. denial of membership in the United Nations to Middle Eastern nations
23. In which Middle Eastern nation is Islamic fundamentalism the major guiding force?
1. Turkey
2. Iran
3. Israel
4. Jordan
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24. During the 1980s, Iran and Iraq were engaged in a war over
1. Iran's ties with Israel
2. Iraq's use of terrorism
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3. territorial rights
4. the spread of communism
25. The river valleys of the Tigris-Euphrates, the Nile, and the Indus were centers of civilization because they
1. had rich deposits of iron ore and coal
3. were isolated from other cultural influences
2. were easy to defend from invasion
4. provided a means of transportation and irrigation
26. The Middle East has been a crossroads for trade from Asia, Africa, and Europe. Which is a major result of this fact?
1. Most of the Middle East's natural resources have been exhausted.
2. The Middle East has become a wealthy area with a high standard of living.
3. Many different cultures can be found in the Middle East.
4. The Middle East has experienced a strong sense of national unity.
27. Which generalization is best supported by a study of the Middle East?
1. Illiteracy has become almost nonexistent.
3. Religious differences have led to serious conflicts.
2. Oil wealth has led to economic equality.
4. Industrial development has urbanized the area.
28. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was formed primarily to
1. give member nations more influence in world markets
2. force developing countries to abandon policies of nonalignment
3. help Middle Eastern nations form alliances with Western powers
4. allow the Soviet Union to develop greater influence in the Middle East
29. In Middle Eastern society, women have increasingly been at the center of a conflict between the forces of modernization and
the
1. values of traditional Islamic culture
3. pressure for a Palestinian homeland
2. shortage of capital for industrial development
4. need to reduce the birth rate
30. Which geographic feature has been most responsible for the population distribution in the Middle East?
1. abundance of oil deposits
3. location of water
2. presence of high plateaus
4. availability of natural harbors
31. Which has been a serious problem for many nations of the Middle East since World War II?
1. renewed colonial conquest by Europeans
3. cutbacks in foreign aid from the United States
2. increased world demand for oil
4. conflicts between traditionalists and modernists
32. The primary goal of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) has been to
1. establish a home state for Palestinian Arabs
2. eliminate communist influence in the Arab nations
3. bring about a peaceful settlement of the conflicts between Egypt and Palestinian Arabs
4. control the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
33. In most of the oil-rich Arab nations, the wealth generated by oil has affected the way of life in that
1. most people have adopted a Western lifestyle and given up their traditional ways
2. oil money has been used by the religious institutions, but not for educational and health facilities
3. technological modernization has occurred, but traditional laws and customs continue
4. women have been given political and social rights equal to those of men
34. The religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share a common belief in
1. nirvana
2. monotheism
3. reincarnation
4. animism
35. In the Middle East during Neolithic times, the development of farming brought about
1. the establishment of permanent settlements
3. a return to a nomadic lifestyle
2. the rise of hunting as an important occupation
4. increased dependence on the exportation of oil
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36. What is the main reason for the international importance of the countries in the Middle East today?
1. They have made innovative political and social reforms.
2. They have superior weapons capability.
3. They are strategically located and have important natural resources.
4. They have an advanced level of scientific and industrial development.
37. In the 1970s, when Iran was ruled by the Shah, the Ayatollah Khomeini's major criticism was of the
1. Shah's friendship with the Soviet Union
3. return to traditional Islamic law
2. lack of political and social rights for women
4. non-Islamic influences on the culture and economy
38. In the 1980s, the major source of the conflict between Israel and Palestinian Arabs has been
1. the presence of Israeli ships in the Suez Canal
2. 3. the interference of Libya in Middle Eastern affairs
3. the demand of Palestinian Arabs for their own homeland
4. Soviet support of radical Arab groups in occupied territories
39. In the Middle East, an immediate effect of World War I was the
1. unification of Arab countries against the League of Nations
2. division of large sections of the area among the Allies
3. revival of Islamic fundamentalism in Arab nations
4. creation of the state of Israel
40. Which statement best explains why Great Britain and France joined Israel in attacking Egypt when Egypt nationalized the Suez
Canal in 1956?
1. The European nations wanted control of the oil fields around the Suez Canal.
2. The Suez Canal was an important link between European nations and their Asian trading partners.
3. Great Britain and France were allies of Israel, which had originally controlled the Suez Canal.
4. Seizure of the Suez Canal indicated Egypt's rejection of democratic principles.
41. Which statement best describes the Middle East during the 1980s?
1. Palestinians in the occupied territories want greater integration into Israeli society.
2. The nations of the Middle East have adopted a common foreign policy.
3. Arab unity has not been achieved.
4. International cooperation has brought about an era of peace.
42. A goal of most modern-day fundamentalist Islamic societies is to
1. encourage the practice of other religions in society
2. maintain basic religious values in a technological society
3. adopt Western attitudes, values, and lifestyles
4. integrate the teachings of Mohammed with Christian practices
44. The Five Pillars of Faith of Islam, the Ten Commandments of Judaism and Christianity, and the Eightfold Path of Buddhism are
similar in that they all
1. were set forth by the founder of the particular religion
2. offer a happy and easy life for those who follow their teachings
3. serve as guidelines to follow in personal conduct
4. indicate exactly how to achieve salvation
45. Most of the Egyptian population is clustered in the Nile River Valley mainly because
1. the river is of great military importance
3. heavy industry is located along the river
2. it is the most scenic area in the country
4. the river is the major source of water for agriculture
46. The increase in trade and commerce during the Middle Ages resulted in
1. lower living standards for workers
3. increased growth of towns and cities
2. increased power for feudal lords and the clergy
4. less rivalry among European nations
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47. Which statement concerning the Islamic world is most accurate?
1. Religious unity had led to political unity among Islamic nations.
2. The only Islamic nations of the world are found in the Middle East.
3. All Islamic nations are totally committed to the destruction of Israel.
4. Significant religious and political differences exist among Islamic sects.
48. Which best demonstrates that nations sometimes use their natural resources for political purposes?
1. reduction of trade barriers among members of the European Common Market since 1957
2. placement by some Arab nations of an embargo on oil sales to the United States during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War
3. the Soviet Union's intervention in Afghanistan during the late 1970s
4. increase in Japan's exports of automobiles to the United States during the 1970s and 1980s
49. Which was an underlying cause of the Iranian Revolution of 1978?
1. ongoing conflicts between Iran and Israel
3. Western European efforts to take over Iran's oil reserves
2. Iraq's attempt to overthrow the Iranian government
4. repression of political and religious groups by the Shah
50. Which statement is best supported by a study of the history of the Middle East?
1. Differing religious beliefs have been a frequent source of conflict in the region.
2. Few cultural and political differences are found among the nations of the region.
3. The nations of the region have been instrumental in the development of democratic ideals.
4. The people of the region have generally adopted the ideas and values of Western culture.
51. Which has been a common method used by terrorists in recent years?
1. appealing through the courts
3. picketing of government offices
2. taking of hostages
4. going on strike
52. Which statement is accurate about the geography of the Middle East?
1. Large areas of land are used for rice cultivation.
3. Most of the region has an arid climate.
2. The region experiences seasonal monsoons.
4. The region has many broad, fertile plains.
53. In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
1. reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
3. ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
2. preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
4. accept medieval western European religious ideas
54. The major goal of the Iranian Revolution and of Ayatollah Khomeini was to
1. establish closer ties with Israel
3. prevent the expansion of communism into Iraq
2. nationalize the oil industry
4. create an Islamic republic
55. One reason the United States and other Western powers fought the Persian Gulf War was to
1. safeguard the flow of oil to international markets
3. end the civil war in Lebanon
2. stop the Israeli settlement of the West Bank
4. assist Iraq in its war with Iran
56. Who were David Ben-Gurion, Golda Meir, and Menachem Begin?
1. leaders of the modern nation of Israel
2. scientists who developed better methods of discovering oil
3. clergy who supported Islamic fundamentalism
4. Egyptian Presidents who encouraged peace with Israel
57. Which condition is a major obstacle to economic development in the Middle East and northern Africa?
1. use of strip mining to obtain minerals
3. reliance on capitalist economic systems
2. lack of access to world markets
4. scarcity of water resources
58. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the greatest threat to the stability of the nations of Egypt, Algeria, and Morocco
was the
1. rising standard of living of their citizens
3. economic reforms taking place in Eastern Europe
2. rise of Islamic fundamentalism
4. lack of financial aid from the United States
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59. Islamic fundamentalism has been characterized by
1. a return to traditional Muslim values
2. a rejection of the teachings of the Koran
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3. the promotion of the goals of Zionism
4. the westernization of Muslim society
60. One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
1. invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
3. succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
2. moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
4. established permanent empires in the Middle East
61. Since World War II, the reason the Persian Gulf region has become increasingly important to many industrialized nations is that
1. Egypt has undergone rapid modernization
2. Israel has given economic assistance to Syria and Saudi Arabia
3. Western nations have refused to trade with the Middle East
4. the economic strength of the oil-producing nations has increased
62. The primary goal of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) has been to
1. establish an independent state for Palestinian Arabs
2. settle disputes between Shi'ite and Sunni Muslims
3. control the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
4. seize control of the Suez Canal
63. The Hejira, Mohammed's journey from Mecca to Medina in AD 622, it important to Muslims because the journey
1. resulted in Mohammed's early death
2. ended Mohammed's attempts to spread Islam throughout Arabia
3. established Byzantine rule throughout the region
4. signified the establishment of the Islamic faith
64. An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
1. increased tension between Muslims and Christians
3. destruction of Muslim military power
2. creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
4. restoration of the Byzantine Empire
65. The city of Jerusalem is important because it
1. serves as the financial center of the Middle East
2. is a major port for Israel
3. has religious significance for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
4. has become the center of industrial development for Palestinian Arabs
66. In 1978, which action did Egyptian President Anwar Sadat take that resulted in serious conflict with other Arab leaders?
1. expelling American military advisors from Egypt
3. signing a formal peace treaty with Israel
2. supporting Arab forces during the Six-Day War
4. importing weapons from Western nations
67. A major goal of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in world affairs is to
1. encourage development of alternative energy sources
3. promote international free trade
2. provide funds for the World Bank
4. regulate oil policies
68. The Middle Eastern leaders Kemal Atatürk, David Ben-Gurion, and Yasir Arafat are best known for their support of
1. nationalism
2. fascism
3. colonialism
4. communism
69. One way in which the Middle Eastern leaders Kemal Atatürk , Shah Reza Pahlavi, and Gamal Nasser were similar is that they all
1. tried to achieve Arab unity
2. founded the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
3. attempted to modernize their nations
4. demanded the establishment of Islamic fundamentalism
70. A primary purpose for building the Suez canal was to
1. encourage Jewish settlement in mearby Palestine
2. increase trade between the Middle East, Europe, and Asia
3. reduce the time needed for travel between the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea
4. allow Indian merchants to reach the east coast of Africa
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71. One reason the Euphrates, Indus, Nile, and Tigris valleys became centers of early civilization is that these valleys had
1. borders and elevations that were easy to defend
3. rich deposits of coal and iron ores
2. the means for irrigation and transportation
4. locations in regions of moderate climate and abundant rainfall
72. Hammurabi's Code, the Ten Commandments, and the Twelve Tables were all significant to their societies because they
established
1. democratic governments
2. official religions
3. rules of behavior
4. economic systems
73. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union and the democracies in the West competed for influence in the Middle East because of its
1. strategic location and valuable resources
3. vast fertile farmlands and rivers
2. large well-educated population
4. industrial potential
74. The phrase "from southern Spain, across northern Africa, occupying the Arabian peninsula to Southeast Asia" once described
the extent of the
1. Aztec Empire
2. Pax Romana
3. Gupta Empire
4. Muslim world
75. One way in which the Boxers in China and the Islamic fundamentalists in revolutionary Iran were similar is that each group
attempted to
1. encourage cultural and economic ties with Western nations
3. eliminate foreign influence in their nation
2. establish national religious movements
4. expand overseas colonies
76. The development of early civilizations usually depended on
1. the formation of democratic governments
2. the existence of large armies
3. a location near large deposits of gold and silver
4. a plentiful water supply and fertile land
77. A major source of the dispute between the Israelis and the Palestinians is that each side
1. wants to control oil resources in the area
3. has historic ties to the same land
2. believes in different interpretations of the same religion
4. has close military alliances with neighboring countries
78. One reason early civilizations developed in China, Egypt, and the Tigris-Euphrates Valley in Mesopotamia is because
1. vast mineral deposits existed for manufacturing
3. climate and geography favored agriculture
2. rivers contributed to nomadic lifestyles
4. natural barriers provided protection from invasions
79. Since the 1970s, the wealth of many Middle Eastern nations was increased by the
1. formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
2. expansion of Islamic fundamentalism
3. creation of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
4. development of communes in Israel
80. Which geographic feature was common to the development of civilizations in ancient Egypt, China, India, and Mesopotamia?
1. river valleys
2. deserts
3. rain forests
4. mountains
81. The Code of Hammurabi was a major contribution to the development of civilization because it
1. treated citizens and slaves equally
3. ended all physical punishment
2. recorded existing laws for all to see
4. rejected the principle of filial piety
82. What is one characteristic of a society that practices subsistence agriculture?
1. growth of surplus crops for export
3. production of crops mainly for its own use
2. establishment of large state-owned farms
4. dependence on the use of slave labor for the production of crops
83. What was an important result of the Neolithic Revolution?
1. Food supplies became more reliable.
3. New sources of energy became available.
2. People became more nomadic.
4. Populations declined.
84. The Golden Age of Muslim culture was best known for its
1. attempts to colonize North America
3. frequent conflicts between Christians and Jews
2. advances in mathematics, science, and medicine
4. policies to reduce trade between the Middle East and China
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85. The movement started by journalist Theodor Herzl to promote an independent Jewish state in Palestine is referred to as
1. the Reconquista
2. the Diaspora
3. Utopianism
4. Zionism
86. The Phoenicians are often referred to as the "carriers of civilization" because they
1. introduced Islam and Christianity to Central Africa
2. established colonies throughout northern Europe
3. developed the first carts with wheels
4. traded goods and spread ideas throughout the Mediterranean region
87. Which statement about the Golden Age of Islam is a fact rather than an opinion?
1. Islamic art was more abstract than Greek art.
3. Muslims were the best early mathematicians.
2. Islamic society preserved Greek and Roman culture.
4. Muslim artists had more talent than European artists.
88. Most of the world's known oil reserves are located near which geographic area?
1. Persian Gulf
2. North Sea
3. Ural Mountains
4. Gulf of Mexico
89. In Iran, both the Revolution of 1979 and the rise of Islamic fundamentalism have caused
1. an increase in women’s rights
2. tension between traditionalism and modernization to continue
3. foreign control of natural resources to expand
4. the introduction of a communist form of government
90. In 1453, the Ottoman Empire rose to power by defeating the
1. Holy Roman Empire
2. European crusaders
3. Byzantine Empire
4. Mongol invaders
91. Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, and the Great Pyramid in Egypt are examples of
1. architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs.
2. ancient architectural monuments no longer in use.
3. the influence of Judaic architecture on conquered nations
4. the influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
92. Religion, language, and social organization are all elements of
1. mercantilism
2. militarism
3. culture
4. Interdependence
"His majesty's government views with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national homeland
for the Jewish people . . . it being clearly under-stood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice
- Lord Balfour, 1917
93. Which historical movement is most directly related to Lord Balfour's statement?
(1) Pan Slavism
(2) Pan Africanism
(3) Organization for African Unity
(4) International Zion
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