SPE 516– Structure and
Function of the Visual System
Summer 2012
Exam 1
Each question on the exam is worth 2 points.
Part I. Answer the following questions by choosing the BEST available answer.
Choose only ONE option. Remember that if you are unable to select
between two options, you may justify your selection in one sentence.
1. Which of the following accurately represents the path of light as it enters and
proceeds through the normal eye?
a.
b.
c.
d.
lacrimal system, tears, cornea, pupil, acqueous humor
vitreous humor, acqueous humor, cillary body, retina
tears, conjunctiva, cornea, acqueous humor
conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, choroid
2. Which of the following structures of the normal eye is designed to provide
structural support and nourishment to the retina?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the Canal of Schlem
the Zonules of Zenn
the vitreous humor
the choroid
3. Which of the following is true?
I.
The function of the cones is to perceive fine detail, color, and
objects in low light.
The function of the rods is to perceive movement, color, and
objects in low light.
The function of the cones is to perceive fine detail, color, and
objects positioned in the central portion of vision.
The function of the rods is to perceive movement, objects in low
light and objects located at the edges of vision.
II.
III.
IV.
a.
b.
c.
d.
III and IV
I and II
II and III
I and IV
4. Which of the following structures are directly responsible for protecting the
eye?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
the superior rectus
the bony orbit
the conjunctiva
the lacrimal system
a.
b.
c.
d.
I, II, and IV
II and III
I, III, and IV
II, III, and IV
5. The structure responsible for maintaining the pressure in the normal eye is
called the
a.
b.
c.
d.
puncta
Canal of Schlemm
Pupil
Zonule of Zenn
6. Which structure(s) are part of the optic tract?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
the optic chiasm
the choriod
the retina
the lateral geniculate bodies
a.
b.
c.
d.
I, II, III, and IV
I, III, and IV
III, and IV
I and IV
7. The greatest portion of the processing of visual information is done in the
a.
b.
c.
d.
optic nerve
superior colliculus
visual cortex
lateral geniculate bodies
8. Which of the following is true of the retina?
I.
II.
III.
IV.
It is one of the refractive structures of the eye.
It is the place where the macula is located.
It is the place where the fovea is located.
It is responsible for focusing the image that will be sent to the brain.
a.
b.
c.
d.
I and II
II and III
II and IV
I and III
9. Which of the following structures of the eye is responsible for producing the
acqueous humor?
a.
b.
c.
d.
the Canal of Schlemm
the puncta
the cillary bodies
the lacrimal gland
10. Which of the following is NOT a function of the vitreous humor?
a.
b.
c.
d.
supporting the retina against the choroids
converting light energy to electrochemical signals
providing shape and structure for the eye
providing an ideal material for the light to travel through
Part II. Supply the correct name for each of the parts of the eye numbered
below.
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
vitreous humor
anterior chamber
conjunctiva
ciliary bodies
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Zonules of Zenn
Canal of Schlemm
posterior chamber
fovea
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
iris
pupil
conjunctiva
macula
14.
a.
b.
c.
d.
lens
posterior chamber
vitreous humor
anterior chamber
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
ciliary fissure
optic chiasm
pupil
sclera
16.
a.
b.
c.
d.
ciliary bodies
suspensory ligaments
neovascular tissue
cornea
17.
a.
b.
c.
d.
suspensory fluid
anterior chamber
vitreous humor
Zonules of Zenn
18.
a.
b.
c.
d.
sclera
choroids
suspensory ligaments
macula
19.
a.
b.
c.
d.
ciliary bodies
lateral geniculate bodies
optic chiasm
retina
20.
a.
b.
c.
d.
sclera
retina
macula
conjunctiva
Part III. Answer the following questions by selecting the BEST option provided.
21.
The Canal of Schlemm is responsible for
a. facilitating the transfer of information down the optic nerve.
b. supplying nourishment and support to the eye.
c. maintaining the pressure levels in the anterior chamber of the
eye.
d. maintaining a healthy flow of tears.
22.
The point at which visual information traveling down the optic nerve splits
into two parts is called the
a.
visual cortex
b.
optic nerve cup
c.
optic nerve disc
d.
optic chiasm
23.
Which of the following structures is most involved in the process of
focusing the eye?
a.
Ciliary body
b.
Canal of Schlemm
c.
Vitreous humor
d.
Lacrimal system
24.
The function of the lacrimal system is to
I.
Lubricate the eyes.
II.
Control the eye lids.
III.
Protect the eyes.
IV.
Provide refraction of the light.
a.
b.
c.
d.
25.
I and IV
I, II, and IV
I, III, and IV
II and III
Which of the following types of photoreceptor cells provides color vision?
a.
rods
b.
cones
c.
peripheral retinal cells
d.
epithelial cells
26.
The area of the retina which is most densely packed with cones is the
a.
macula
b.
peripheral
c.
optic nerve disk
d.
Canal of Schlemm
27.
The medial rectus is attached
a. to the second cranial nerve
b. at the three o’clock position
c. to the nasal side of the eye
d. to the temporal side of the eye
28.
The phrase “A jelly like structure, thick and viscous, that occupies the
chamber in the posterior concavity of the eyeball” describes
a.
Aqueous
b.
Bipolar cells
c.
Choroid
d.
Vitreous
29.
The function of the lens is to
a.
Provide shape to the eyeball
b.
Focus light especially in terms of near objects
c.
Produce viterous
d.
Drain aqueous from the posterior chamber
30.
The pupil is formed by the
a.
Ciliary body
b.
Lens
c.
Choroid
d.
Iris
31.
Rod cells in the retina are found in greater numbers in the
a) Macula
b) Middle part of the retina
c) Around the outer edges of the retina
d) In the viterous humor
32.
Cones are responsible for sensing color and
a)
Fine detail
b)
Light and dark
c)
Movement
d)
Maintaining correct fluid pressure in the eye
33.
The superior oblique
a) Attaches nasally and pulls the eye down and in
b) Attaches temporally and pulls the eye down and in
c) Attaches nasally and pulls the eye up and out
d) Attaches temporally and pulls the eye up and out
34.
The information from the retina travels down a long “cable” to the optic
chiasm. This cable is called the
a) Optic nerve
b) Canal of Schlemm
c) Conjunctiva
d) Vitreous humor
35.
The reason that normal eyes are able to perceive depth (to have depth
perception is called
a) Nystagmus
b) Strabismus
c) Biopsis
d) Stereopsis
36.
The thin, clear tissue layer which covers a fine network of blood vessels on
the sclera is called the
a) Cornea
b) Conjunctiva
c) Visual cortex
d) Canal of Schlemm
37.
The part of the visual pathway known as the sensory relay station is the
a) Optic chiasm
b) Occipital lobes
c) Lateral geniculate bodies
d) Prestriated cortex
38.
The part of the eye where the nerve attaches to the retina (and the spot
that causes you to have a blind spot in each eye) is called the
a) Optic chiasm
b) Cones
c) Rods
d) Optic disk
39.
The eye muscle that passes through the trochlea
a) Moves the eye in a diagonal pattern -- up and out
b) Moves the eye toward the middle of the head
c) Moves the eye in a diagonal pattern -- down and in.
d) Moves the eye toward the outside of the head
40.
The Aqueous Humor….
a) flows from the anterior chamber to the posterior chamber
b) is constantly being produced and helps bathe and nourish the retina
c) flows from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber
d) is a fixed quantity and is not produced throughout your life
41. Refraction is measured in units called
a. foot candles
b. focal points
c. diopters
d. millimeters
42. Which of the following is true about refraction of light in the eye?
I.
The lens contributes more units of refraction than any other
structure of the eye.
II.
The retina contributes a significant amount of the refraction in the
eye.
III.
The tears and conjunctiva are refractive structures.
IV.
Appropriate refraction is essential for forming a clear image on the
retina.
a.
b.
c.
d.
I and II
III and IV
I and IV
II and III
43. If you student has a severe issue with their maculas you would expect them
to have problems with
a.
b.
c.
d.
Use of Color vision
Balance of eye muscles
Visual field
Total blindness
44. A common condition that involves disturbances or processing problems in
the brain rather than in the eye would be
a. ROP
b. CVI
c. ONH
d. APH
45. Stereopsis or steroscopic vision is dependent upon
I. Binocularity
II. Muscle balance
III. Rods and Cones
IV. Two eyes
a.
b.
c.
d.
I and IV
I, II, and IV
I, III, and IV
II and III
46. According to the American Printing House for the Blind, the fastest growing
diagnosis in visual impairment is
a. Retinopathy of Prematurity
b. Cortical Visual Impairment
c. Diplopia
d. Amblyopia
47. Field losses are most often related to problems with the
a. choroid
b. lens
c. cornea
d. retina
48. If the bending power present in an eye is 60 diopters then you could expect
that the individual may experience…
a. blurred vision at a distance without correction
b. blurred vision at near range without correction
c. no problems with their vision
d. have significant problems with acuity
49. Persons with typical color vision loss…
a. have deficits in the ability to see blue and yellow
b. see only in shades of gray
c. have deficits in the ability to see red and green
d. are mostly female
50. Persons with a muscle imbalance might expect that they could have
I. a field loss
II. a lack of depth perception
III. loss of color vision
IV. loss of acuity
a.
b.
c.
d.
I and II
I, II, and IV
I, III, and IV
II and III