1. (a) Ripple is formed by throwing a stone in the pond. Energy in water is then transmitted from one place to another by ________________ .
(b) The most common waves found in daily life are :
(c) (i) There are two types of waves : ________________ wave & ________________ wave.
(ii) medium
Draw

to show the direction of oscillation and propagation
(iii)
Particle of the medium
Draw

to show the direction of
A longitudinal wave is : oscillation and propagation
(a) (i) Generation of a transverse pulse by a long slinky or a spring (Simple demonstration).
Time at t o Time at t o
+
 t
(ii) What happens to the size of the pulse as it travels along the spring with constant speed ?
(iii) How is the speed of the pulse along the spring affected by the tension of the spring ?
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(iv)
Direction of incident pulse
Fixed End Fixed End
Draw the reflected pulse along the string
(v) As shown below is a continuous wave. Give the name of the parts shown below.
C
T
C
T
C
T
C :
T :
(vi) Give some examples of transverse waves.
(vii) Give some examples of longitudinal wave.
(iii) Give the name of the parts shown.
R :
C R C R C R
C :
(iv) Generation of a longitudinal pulse / wave in a long slinky (Simple demonstration).
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2. Describe the transverse wave :
A


Line of disturbance
(i) Amplitude ( )
(ii) wavelength ( )
(iii) frequency ( ) & its unit
(iv) period ( ) & its unit
(v) Show that f

1
T
(vi) wave speed
(vii) Factors affecting the speed of wave i. Medium ii. Frequency (dispersion)
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3. Motion of transverse wave
Time = 0
Time = T/4
Time = T/2
Wave moves by
Wave moves by


/ 4
/ 2
Time=3T/4
Time = T
Wave moves by 3
Wave moves by
Example 3.1
(a) A travelling wave in a long rope is generated by shaking one end of the rope as shown. The hand moves up and down with a frequency of 5 Hz. Find


/ 4
3 cm
1 cm distance
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(i) the frequency
(iii) the period
(v) the amplitude of the wave.
(ii) the wavelength
(iv) the velocity
(b) If the rate of shaking is doubled, find
(i) the frequency
(iii) the period
(v) the amplitude of the wave.
(ii) the wavelength
(iv) the velocity
Example 3.2
A wave is travelling to the right along a long slinky spring. The figure (a) shows the equilibrium positions of some equally spaced particles of the spring and figure (b) shows their displacements at a particular time.
(a) What kind of wave is travelling along the spring ?
(b) Sketch the graph of the displacement against the distance of the particles from particle a at that instant, taking the displacement tot he right as positive.
(c) On your graph, use
(i) C to mark the compression centre(s), and
(ii) R to mark the rarefaction centre(s).
(d) Find the wavelength and the amplitude of the wave.
(e) Which particles are
(i) moving to the right ?
(ii) moving to the left ?
(iii) momentarily at rest ?
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4. Particle movement and wave motion
Wave move to the right
T = 0
4.1 Sketch the wave when t = T/4, where T is the period.
4.2 What do you say about the direction of motion of each particle ?
4.3 Phase : Select some pairs of particles which are of the same phase or in phase.
Select some pairs of particles which are antiphase or 180 o out of phase.
5. Longitudinal waves
As shown in the next page is a travelling longitudinal wave.
(a)
Blacken all the particles labelled ‘2’. How does it move ?
(b) Draw a displacement-position graph for each of these particles at each of the instance shown.
(c) From the graph, determine the wavelength, frequency and velocity of the longitudinal wave.
(d) Measure the distance between 2 successive compressions, and also the velocity of propagation of the compression. How do they compare with the result in (c) ?
(e) Mark down on your displacement-position graph for t = 8 s the positions of compressions and rarefactions.
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6. Longitudinal wave propagation & particle motion
The following curves represent the motion of 31 particles. On a piece of card cut out a slit the same size as the narrow rectangle below. Place it across the top of the curves.
(a) Pull this piece of paper up the card. What do you observe in the slit ?
(b) What happens if you increase the speed at which you pull ?
(c) What is the wavelength of the longitudinal wave observed in the slit ?
(d) If you pull the paper up with a speed of 10 cm/s, what would be the frequency of the wave ?
Can you find out the velocity of the wave in this case ?
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