CPUSH (Unit 6, #3)
Name ___________________________
Date _______________ Pd _________
Reconstruction (1865—1877)
I. An Overview of Reconstruction (1865 to 1877)
A. Reconstruction is the era after the ________________________________ when the U.S. gov’t:
1. Brought the seceded Southern states __________________________________________________
2. Ended _____________________ & tried to protect newly emancipated slaves
3. ____________________ the nation after more than four years of fighting
B. Reconstruction occurred in 2 phases:
1. Presidential Reconstruction (1865-67) was _________________ in order to allow Southern states to _______________
rejoin the Union; It was initiated by President Lincoln but carried out by President _____________________________
2. Congressional Reconstruction (1867-77) was directed by Radical Republicans in Congress who wanted a ___________
plan that protected the rights of former ______________ & kept Confederate leaders from regaining power in the South
II. Reconstruction Plans
A. Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan (Proposed but never enacted)
1. Before the Civil War came to an end (& before his death), Lincoln proposed his ____________________________ Plan
2. This plan was very lenient & allowed former Confederate states could __________________ the Union when:
a. 10% of its population swore an _________________________________________ to the USA
b. States ratified the ____________________________________________________ ending slavery
3. Radical Republicans in Congress _________________ Lincoln’s plan because:
a. It did nothing to _____________ ex-slaves or to keep Confederate leaders from regaining __________ in the South
b. Wanted _________% of state populations to swear an oath of loyalty
4. When the Civil War ended & Lincoln was assassinated in 1865, there was no _______________________ plan in place
B. Presidential Reconstruction under Andrew Johnson (1865-1867)
1. When Lincoln was ____________________________ in 1865 VP Andrew Johnson tried to continue Lincoln’s policies:
a. His ___________________________________________________________ plan was lenient towards Southerners
b. States could come back into the USA once they ________________________ the 13th Amendment
2. Johnson’s Reconstruction plan hoped to ________________________________________ the nation
3. But, this plan did not require strict regulations to protect former slaves
a. Southern states passed _______________________ to keep African-Americans from gaining _____________, jobs,
____________________ rights, & protection under the law
b. Johnson ___________________________ 13,000 ex-Confederates
4. Led by _______________________________________, many “________________” Republicans in Congress opposed
Johnson’s plan & pushed for laws to _________________________ African-Americans:
a. The _________________________________________ was established in 1865 to offer assistance to former slaves
& protect their new citizenship:
i. Provided emergency ______________, housing, medical supplies
ii. Promised “40 ______________ & a _____________”
iii. Supervised labor contracts ( Many former abolitionists moved South to ______________ freedmen, called
“____________________________” by Southern Democrats)
iv. Created new _______________________ (The emphasis on education led to the creation of black universities,
such as ____________________________ College in Atlanta)
b. Congress feared Johnson would allow violations of civil rights so it drafted the _____________________________:
i. Clarified the idea of ______________________________ to include former slaves
ii. All citizens were entitled to ____________________________________ under the law & cannot be deprived
of life, liberty, property without due process of law
iii. ______________________________ was the only Southern state to accept the amendment
5. President Johnson ____________________ these new protections because he felt it would ___________ reconstruction:
a. Johnson ___________ the Freedman’s Bureau bill & encouraged Southern states to not support the 14th Amendment
b. This backfired when Republicans increased their __________________________ of Congress in the 1866 elections
C. Congressional Reconstruction (1867-1877)
1. With a dominance in Congress, moderate & “radical” Republicans took control & began “________________________
Reconstruction” in 1867:
a. Did not ____________________________ the state gov’ts approved under Johnson’s Plan
b. Made Reconstruction more ___________________
2. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 required that any Confederate state that wanted to re-enter the Union had to:
a. Ratify the ___________________________________
b. Allow African-American men the right to ____________ in their ______________
c. Keep ______________________________________________ from returning to power
d. Created 5 ___________________________________________ to protect former slaves & to enforce reconstruction
D. President Andrew Johnson’s Impeachment (1868)
1. President Johnson __________________________ Congressional Reconstruction:
a. He _________________ military generals appointed by Congress to oversee Southern military zones
b. He violated a new law called the ___________________________________________ Act when he tried to fire his
Secretary of War who supported Congress’ plan
2. Radical Republicans used this as an opportunity to _________________________ the president
a. To impeach is to formally __________________ an elected official of wrongdoing
b. The House of Representatives voted 126-47 to impeach Johnson
c. After an 11 week trial, the _________________ fell 1 vote short of __________________ the president from office
d. Johnson argued that removal could only occur due to “__________________________________ & misdemeanors”
but no “________________” had been committed
e. But, Johnson did promise to ________________________ Reconstruction for the remainder of his term & he did
E. The Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)
1. In 1868, Civil War hero Ulysses Grant won the presidency & worked with Congress to _________________ the South:
a. By 1868, most Confederate states had been __________________ to the Union under Congressional Reconstruction
b. Under Grant, the ________________ would re-enter
c. Because of Congressional Reconstruction, African-American men in the South could ___________ for the first time
2. In 1870, the ________________________________________ gave black men the right to vote
a. Prohibited any state from denying men the right to vote due to _____________
b. But…the amendment said nothing about _______________________, _______________, & property qualifications
III. Conclusions: As a result of Congressional Reconstruction (1867-1877):
A. All eleven __________________________________________ were re-admitted into the Union
B. The 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments provided protection & opportunity for ______________________________ in the South
C. But, this was difficult to _______________ & sustain as __________________ slowly took back control of Southern states
Team Members: _______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Creating a Plan to Reconstruct the Union After the Civil War
Overview:
You are a member of Congress in 1865. The Civil War is finally over and the North has won. Your most
important job is to develop a plan to “reconstruct” America after the Civil War. To do this, consider
solutions to the following problems:
Problem #1: Southern states seceded and left the Union. The President and Congress can determine the rules by
which the Southern states should be re-admitted. Should Southern states be granted mercy and offered a
quick and easy series of requirements in order to return to the Union? Or should Southern states be
punished for the Civil War and required to meet a series of strict regulation before being re-admitted to
the Union? Explain your rationale.
Problem #2: Based upon your answer in the previous question, what are your requirements for Southern re-admission
to the Union?
Southern states will not be re-admitted in the United States until the following conditions are met
(Pick as many of the following options as you feel are appropriate):
a)
States must re-write their state constitutions and reapply as states because they willingly broke away from the
USA to join the Confederate States of America
b) States were never really legally part of the CSA so rewriting their state constitution is not necessary.
(choices “a” and “b” are mutually exclusive)
c)
States must agree to the 13th Amendment (abolition of slavery)
d) States cannot allow Confederate leaders to be elected into government positions
e)
States must disband their militaries
f)
States cannot manufacture any military equipment
g)
States must turn over to federal marshals all leaders of the Confederacy who live in their state who played a
military or political role in the Civil War.
h) States must seize the plantations of large slave owners, divide this land, and sell the pieces off in order to
destroy the plantation system of the South
i)
States cannot be readmitted until 10% of their citizens take a loyalty oath to the USA
j)
States cannot be readmitted until more than 50% of their citizens take a loyalty oath
(choices “i” and “j” are mutually exclusive)
k)
Other conditions…?
l)
States should be readmitted immediately without any conditions
(choice “l” is mutually exclusive with all other choices “a-k”)
Problem #3: What should be done with the freed slaves in the South? What kinds of services or protections should
the national government provide in order to help guarantee their safety and freedom in the South after
the Civil War?