Population Geography
Demography
Demographers
Population Explosion
Doubling Time
A division of human geography concerned with spatial variations in distribution, composition, growth, and movements of population
(Greek word demos meaning populace or people, and graphe, meaning to describe) the study of human population people who study population
The rapid growth of the world’s human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorting doubling times and accelerating rates of increase
The time required for a population to double in size
Total Fertility Rate
Infant Mortality Rate
Life Expectancy
Crude Birth Rate
Crude Death Rate
Natural Increase Rate
Population projection the measure of the average number of children born to a woman over her entire life.
A figure that describes the number of babies that die within their first year of their lives in a given population (number given per 1000)
The average number of years a person is expected to live based on a national average per age group, and other factors. birthrate: the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year death rate: the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 per year
The rate at which a population is increasing (or decreasing) in a given year due to a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths, expressed as a percentage of the base population
Computation of future changes in population numbers, given certain assumptions about future trends in the rates of fertility, mortality, and migration. Demographers often issue low, medium, and high projections of the same population, based on different assumptions of how these rates will change in the future.
Arithmetic or Linear Growth
Exponential Growth
J-Curve
S-Curve
Neo-Malthusian Thoery
Stationary population level when growth occurs uniform amounts during a series of equal time periods cumulative or compound growth over a given time period -- based on multiplication
A growth curve that depicts exponential growth; called a J curve because of its shape.
a curve which bends in one direction and then the other, forming an Slike shape. Typical of phenomenon like demographic transition in which population grows at a high rate then slowly drops until it is not growing at all
National and international programs of population limitation primarily through birth control and family planning where population will neither grow or shrink

Population composition or structure the make up of the population based on age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education
Age Distribution The number of people of certain ages in a population group
Sex Ratio Sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population
Population pyramids
Demographic Momentum
Cohort
Dependency Ratio
Graphic representation of a population showing the percentage of the total population by age and sex, normally in five year groups
The "echo effect" of a high-fertility period in the past creates which works against changes in reproductive behavior that favor smaller families. EX Baby boomers created the Baby boom Reflex or echo
A generational group as defined in demographics, statistics, or market research
A measure of the portion of a population which is composed of dependents (people who are too young or too old to work). The dependency ratio is equal to the number of individuals aged below 15 or above 64 divided by the number of individuals aged 15 to 64, expressed as a percentage. A rising dependency ratio is a concern in many countries that are facing an aging population, since it becomes difficult for pension and social security systems to provide for a significantly older, non-working population.
Population Density A measurement of the number of people per given unit of land
Arithmetic Density
Population distribution
(Concentration)
Carrying Capacity
Physiological density the population of a country expressed as an average per unit area (more accurate way of stating what population density is) the actual location on the Earth’s surface where individuals or groups
(depending on scale) live
The maximum number of individuals that a given environment can support without detrimental effects. the number of people per unit area of
Arable Land
Overpopulation
Underpopulation
Zero Population Growth land fit for cultivation by one farming method or another
Overpopulation is a scenario in which the population of a living species exceeds the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. While this term is most often used with reference to human beings, in its general form it includes overpopulation in any animal or vegetal species.
Underpopulation is usually defined as when a country's population has declined too much to support its current economic system. A simple example would be if all the retired people were supported through a sort of social security system, and then a generation only had an average of 2 children, compared with the last generations average of 3 children. In this case, the younger generation may not be able to support the older generation, and problems could erupt.
A population in equilibrium, with a growth rate of zero, achieved when births plus immigration equal deaths plus emigration.
Migration
Emigrate the long-term move of a person from one political jurisdiction to another people who leave their homeland
Migratory Movement
Immigrate
Human relocation movement from a source to a destination without a return journey people who move into a country
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Push Factor
Pull Factor
Intervening opportunities
Activity (action) space
Distance Decay
Cyclic Movement
Gravity Model
Nomadism
Transhumance
Commuting
Periodic Movement
Place utility
Voluntary Migration
Forced Migration
Chain Migration
Step Migration
Distance Decay
Negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave a place for a new location
Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locations
The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away
The space within which daily activity occurs
The various degenerative effects of the distance on human spatial structures and interactions
Movement- for example, nomadic migration—that has a closed route repeated annually or seasonally
A methodology used in the geography, engineering and social sciences to model the behavior of populations. The underlying assumption of the gravity model is that the influence of populations on one another is inversely proportional to the distance between them. This approach is analogous to the view of gravitational attraction from Newtonian physics the practice of following familiar routes repeated time and again, timed by weather and the availability of water and pasture
A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures involves trips of several hours from suburb to city using transportation modes ranging from cars to trains
A form of migration that involves intermittent but recurrent movement, such as temporary relocation for college attendance or military service an individual's existing degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a place
Population movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move.
Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate
Population movements based upon kinship or social links
Migration to a distant destination that occurs in states, for example, from a nearby farm to a nearby village, and later to town or city
The various degenerative effects of the distance on human spatial structures and interactions
The area or areas from which a destination draws it migrants Migration Field
Rust Belt
Sun Belt
Cotton Belt
Refugees
International Refugees states of Ohio, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, collectively known as the
Rust belt because the industrial economic base was being affected with factory closures
Term for Southern California, Arizona, and Nevada – region has experience rapid growth recently
Term used for the south which connects the region to agrarian poverty and backwardness
People who have been dislocated involuntarily from their original place of settlement those who have crossed international borders
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Intranational Refugees
Interregional
Intercontinental Migration
Rural-Urban Migration
Intranational migration
Permanent Refugees
Temporary Refugees
Internal migration those who have abandoned there homes, but remain in their own country
Migration extending or taking place between regions
Migration extending or taking place between or among continents
Migration taking place from rural areas to urban areas
People who leave their town or village but not their country refugees who have been substantially integrated into the host country or host region and who are thus seen as long-term visitors – least likely to repatriate refugees encamped in a host country or host region while waiting for resettlement
Migration flow within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the United States
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